云南发现的猴类化石及其地层意义——附一新种Macaca jiangchuanensis sp. nov.记述

记述了早更新世的江川猕猴和早全新世的短尾猴和菲氏叶猴。江川猕猴是联系西瓦立克地区和华北地区的早期猕猴类型, 为南方早更新世猕猴种的首次记录。表2参30

CO_2对微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.)利用有机碳和光合作用的影响

CO2浓度提高时,微拟球藻吸收醋酸钠的速率增加2倍。混养生长的藻细胞最大光合作用速率、光合作用效率、无机碳半饱和常数和无机碳饱和的光合作用速率均显著低于光自养条件下生长的。

Thylakoid terminal oxidases are essential for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to survive rapidly changing light intensities.

Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis and respiration in the thylakoid membrane, suggesting that the two processes are interlinked. However, the role of the respiratory electron transfer chain under natural environmental conditions has not been established. Through targeted gene disruption, mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were generated that lacked combinations of the three terminal oxidases: the thylakoid membrane-localized cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and quinol oxidase (Cyd) and the cytoplasmic membrane-localized alternative respiratory terminal oxidase. All strains demonstrated similar growth under continuous moderate or high light or 12-h moderate-light/dark square-wave cycles. However, under 12-h high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant displayed impaired growth and was completely photobleached after approximately 2 d. In contrast, use of sinusoidal light/dark cycles to simulate natural diurnal conditions resulted in little photobleaching, although growth was slower. Under high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant suffered a significant loss of photosynthetic efficiency during dark periods, a greater level of oxidative stress, and reduced glycogen degradation compared with the wild type. The mutant was susceptible to photoinhibition under pulsing but not constant light. These findings confirm a role for thylakoid-localized terminal oxidases in efficient dark respiration, reduction of oxidative stress, and accommodation of sudden light changes, demonstrating the strong selective pressure to maintain linked photosynthetic and respiratory electron chains within the thylakoid membrane. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a phenotypic difference in growth between terminal oxidase mutants and wild-type cells and highlights the need to examine mutant phenotypes under a range of conditions.

聚球藻Synechococcus sp.PCC7942高CO_2需求突变株的筛选及其超微结构观察(英文)

以单细胞蓝藻聚球藻Synechococcussp.PCC7942为材料,利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行化学诱变获得了一个高CO2 需求突变株。它能在 4%CO2 下生长而不能在空气中生长。对突变株的初检表明:其回复突变率约为 10 -7。该突变株从高CO2 条件下转到空气中后,细胞在 2～ 3d内逐渐趋于死亡;其光合作用对外源无机碳的依赖性高于野生型细胞,碳酸酐酶活性也低于野生型细胞。在超微结构水平,突变株细胞内出现了不同类型的异常羧体:有的为棒状;有的为不规则状;有的为 空羧体",而且,类囊体周围糖原颗

鱼腥藻sp.PCC 7120液泡的诱导和分离

将蓝藻培养于含 0 .0 5 mol/ L Na Cl的液体培养基 ,3d后细胞结构改变 ,出现无色透明区 .将此材料经溶菌酶处理形成原生质球 ,然后降低渗透压 ,原生质球破裂 ,液泡释放 .此液泡为极为标准的园球状 ,完全透明 ,泡体内无可辩物质 .电镜检查表明为一个单一膜所包围 ,泡内没有内囊体等细胞内物质 ,该膜亦显示典型三明治状单位膜结构 .

红球藻水生748株(Haematococcus sp.HB748)培养基的选择与对维生素B_(12)的需求

比较了红球藻HB748株在MCM，BBM及BG－11．3种培养基中的生长．结果表明：HB748在这3种培养基中前4d的平均生长速率分别为0．97d－1，0．77d－1和0．63d－1，存在显著差异；然而，在BBM和BG－11中添加MCM中所含等量VB12后，748株在3种培养基中的生长速率趋于一致，表明VB12，是HB748维持较好的前期生长的必需成分；在VB12的需求满足后．3种培养基无机组分的差异对HB748前期生长影响甚微．

Measuring the composition of AlGaN layers in GaN based structures grown on 150 mm Si substrates using (2 0 5) reciprocal space maps

A critical element for the successful growth of GaN device layers on Si is accurate control of the AlGaN buffer layers used to manage strain. Here we present a method for measuring the composition of the AlGaN buffer layers in device structures which makes use of a one-dimensional x-ray detector to provide efficient measurement of a reciprocal space map which covers the full compositional range from AlN to GaN. Combining this with a suitable x-ray reflection with low strain sensitivity it is possible to accurately determine the Al fraction of the buffer layers independent of their relaxation state. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

有机磷农药在水生态系中生物净化机理研究——2.CTP-02降解对硝基酚的特性和动力学

从鸭儿湖氧化塘中分离出具有分解对硝基酚能力的细菌Pseudomonas sp.,代号CTP-02。在实验室条件下,细菌培养物降解对硝基酚的速度与时间之间的动力学方程为dc/dt=-K_1t-K_2,细菌降解对硝基酚的最适温度为35℃,最适pH为7.5。CTP-02菌降解对硝基酚过程中首先发生脱硝基作用。

三带喙库蚊寄生等索线虫(Isomermis sp.)生活史的初步研究

本文首次报导了武汉市郊区三带喙库蚊(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)孑孓体内寄生等索线虫(Isomermis sp.)的生活史。等索线虫在6月至9月份对宿主的寄生率的幅度为5%～48%。等索线虫一年内可发生多代,当气温在26°～33℃时,完成一代生活史的周期为22～28天;并成功地进行了室内人工感染;此外就等索线虫对宿主的感染强度,寄生部位;雌雄性比等问题也进行了初步的研究。

蓝裸甲藻(新种)(Gymnodinium cyaneum Hu sp.nov.)藻胆素(Phycobilin)的发现及其意义

<正> 在藻类的光合色素系统中,叶绿素a是各门类所共有的.但就其采收光能的天线色素而言,因门类而有很大的差别.因此,天线色素的不同就成为研究藻类系统分类和演化问题的重要依据之一.藻胆素是某些藻类光合系统中的主要天线色素.研究表明,藻胆素仅存在于蓝藻类(cyanophyceae)、红藻类(Rhodophyceae)和隐藻类(cryptophyceae)中.甲藻(Pyrrophyceae)的某些类型因其细胞核缺乏真核生物所具有的碱性蛋白而被称为间核生物(Mcsokaryota).从细胞核的性质来说,这些类型无

KHAWIA SAUROGOBII N. SP (CESTODA: CARYOPHYLLIDEA) FROM FRESHWATER FISH SAUROGOBIO SPP. (CYPRINIDAE) IN CHINA

Khawia saurogobii n. sp. is described from the intestine of the cyprinid fishes Saurogobio dabryi and Saurogobio dumerili in China. The new species belongs to the Lytocestidae and is placed in Khawia because of its afossate scolex, vitelline follicles in the cortical parenchyma, uterus not looping anterior to the cirrus sac, gonopores separate but close together in distinct genital atrium, external seminal vesicle absent, and postovarian follicles present. The new species differs from other congeneric species by the shape of the body markedly tapering posteriorly from the end of the anterior third, the shape of the scolex that is very short and markedly wider than the neck, spatulate without incisions, but shallow superficial grooves, vitelline follicles and testes starting immediately posterior to the scolex, and an ovary with long, posterior arms bent medially, thus giving the shape of an inverted A.

Fridericia liangi sp nov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Changbaishan Mountain, China

We describe one new enchytraeid species, Fridericia liangi sp. nov., from Mt. Changbaishan, Jilin Province, northeastern China. It was collected from soils at the foot of Changbaishan Mountain and is distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: 1) no lateral chaetae, only ventral chaetae throughout, 2) a maximum of four chaetae in ventral preclitellar bundles, 3) one chaeta in ventral postclitellar bundles, 4) dorsal pores from VII on, 5) esophageal appendages unbranched, 6) coelomocytes without refractile vesicles, 7) clitellum girdle shaped, well developed, 8) no subneural glands, and 9) spermathecae simple.

Outer membrane proteins induced by iron deficiency in Anabaena sp PCC 7120

Iron deficiency can induce cyanobacteria to synthesize siderophore receptor proteins on the outer membrane to enhance the uptake of iron. In this study, an outer membrane of high purity was prepared from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 based on aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning and discontinuous sucrose density ultra-centrifugation, and the induction of outer membrane proteins by iron deficiency was investigated using 2-D gel electrophoresis. At least. five outer membrane proteins were newly synthesized or significantly up-regulated in cells transferred to iron-deficient conditions, which were all identified to be siderophore receptor proteins according to MALDI-TOF-MS analyses. Bacterial luciferase reporter genes luxAB were employed to monitor the transcription of the encoding genes. The genes were induced by iron deficiency at the transcriptional level in different responsive modes. Luciferase activity expressed from an iron-regulated promoter may be used as a bioreporter for utilizable iron in natural water samples. (C) 2009 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.

ApcD is necessary for efficient energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystem I and helps to prevent photoinhibition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp PCC 7002

Phyrobilisomes (PBS) are the major light-harvesting, protein-pigment complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae. PBS absorb and transfer light energy to photosystem (PS) II as well as PS I, and the distribution of light energy from PBS to the two photosystems is regulated by light conditions through a mechanism known as state transitions. In this study the quantum efficiency of excitation energy transfer from PBS to PS I in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was determined, and the results showed that energy transfer from PBS to PS I is extremely efficient. The results further demonstrated that energy transfer from PBS to PS I occurred directly and that efficient energy transfer was dependent upon the allophycocyanin-B alpha subunit, ApcD. In the absence of ApcD, cells were unable to perform state transitions and were trapped in state 1. Action spectra showed that light energy transfer from PBS to PS I was severely impaired in the absence of ApcD. An apcD mutant grew more slowly than the wild type in light preferentially absorbed by phyrobiliproteins and was more sensitive to high light intensity. On the other hand, a mutant lacking ApcF, which is required for efficient energy transfer from PBS to PS II, showed greater resistance to high light treatment. Therefore, state transitions in cyanobacteria have two roles: (1) they regulate light energy distribution between the two photosystems; and (2) they help to protect cells from the effects of light energy excess at high light intensities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.