999 resultados para Euterpe precatoria Mart
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In this work, the transesterification of jupati (Raphia taedigera Mart.) oil using ethanol and acid catalyst was examined. The production of biodiesel was performed using a central composite design (CCD). A range of values for catalyst concentration (1 to 4.21%), temperature (70-80 °C), and the molar ratio of alcohol to oil (6:1-13.83:1) were tested, and ester content, viscosity, and yield were the response variables. The synthesis process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in the following optimal conditions for the production of jupati ethyl esters: a catalyst concentration of 3.85% at 80 °C and an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 10:1.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB
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The palm Euterpe edulis is one of the most exploited due the intense illegal extraction, which is very harmful because this species dies right after the cutting process. This study aimed to assess the palms' development as an enrichment plant in a forest fragment belonging to a Preservation Area and the Biosphere Reserve of the Green Belt of Sao Paulo State, in Embu das Artes city. The seeds were obtained from the Instituto Florestal, which follows all the regulations for seeds, in order to get seedlings with a high genetic variation. The seedlings were planted in two successional stages: secondary forest with low trees (SFLT) and secondary forest with medium trees (SFMT). The seedlings survival and growth were periodically assessed and the results were compared by the variance analysis. Both areas presented high rates of survival, which were superior comparing to other similar studies with Euterpe edulis. Despite the successional difference between the areas, the development of the seedlings did not show significant difference on the analysis of variance regarding leaf number, height growth, stem diameter and survival, except for plant height at 60 days after planting, when seedlings planted in SFLT reached higher height (21.38 cm) than when planted in SFMT (19.31 cm).
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion for varying periods in different concentrations of gibberellic acid and separate methods of scarification on the germination of seeds tucum. In the first trial, testing different soaking periods (24 and 48 hours), different forms of soaking (fast and slow) and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 100 and 200 mg L-(1)) compared to the control (water) under completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2x3. The second experiment evaluated the different scarification treatments being: physical (seed coat removal in the hilar region with the aid of a scalpel), chemical (sulfuric acid 98 PA for 2:04 minutes) and thermal (hot water at approximately 98 degrees C and cold water at about 2 degrees C for 4 minutes). In the first trial were evaluated % of contaminated seeds (seeds infected by microorganisms) and hard seeds (who did not start the germination process, but not soiled), and in the second we assessed germination percentage (%) every two days for three months; germination Speed Index (GSI), time to occurrence of 50 % germination (T50) and Emergency Speed Index (ESI). The use of gibberellic acid was ineffective in promoting germination of Tucum (Astrocaryum Huaimi Mart.). Scarification treatments were effective in promoting germination and emergence of seedlings in the nursery and the most efficient physical removal scarification of the seed coat in the hilar region with the highest percentage of germination.
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Tanta a fragmentação com a defaunação tem afetado uma guilda de dispersores não aleatória, grandes aves e mamíferos são os primeiros a desaparecerem. A extinção local de grandes frugívoros deve afetar a estrutura espacial e demográfica de muitas espécies de plantas que possuem frutos carnosos, porém a maioria dos estudos tem enfocado em espécies com poucos dispersores. Nós estudamos as possíveis conseqüências da extinção de grandes frugívoros sobre a distribuição espacial e genética de uma palmeira tropical, o palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis), que possui uma alta diversidade de dispersores de sementes. Utilizando marcadores microssatélites e analisando dados através do grau de parentesco e autocorrelação espacial, observamos que a falta dos grandes dispersores nesta área pode estar limitando a dispersão de E. edulis, acarretando na agregação de indivíduos, alta porcentagem de indivíduos aparentados, possível ocorrência de endocruzamento na população e uma possível estruturação genética espacial até a distância de 10-12 metros. Além disso, o padrão de distribuição espacial observado nas plântulas dentro de uma subparcela pode estar refletindo o padrão de deposição de sementes realizado pelos Turdus spp., o qual regurgita sementes uma a uma; assim, a dispersão esparsa realizada por esses animais pode estar diminuindo a probabilidade de sementes vindas de um mesmo adulto se estabeleçam num mesmo m2. No entanto, é necessário que estudos similares sejam realizados em áreas onde há a ocorrência em altas densidades de outros dispersores a fim de comprovar que a distribuição do E. edulis, encontrada nesta população, não será encontrada em áreas onde estes animais estão presente.