986 resultados para Doenças Infecciosas em animais domésticos


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The diagnosis of head and neck infections constitutes relevant step in their treatment. However, in spite of the fact that most of diseases in head and neck region are infectious in nature, several reasons collaborated for dentists do not ask laboratory tests in order to help clinical diagnosis. By mean of this review literature, based on research articles about the newest and most reliable methods of diagnosis for clinical laboratories, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each selected method and the relevant aspects in transportation of the specimens to the laboratory. Saliva, biofilm, pus, and blood are the most frequent specimens for microbial diagnosis, being that the most used methods are culture and those based on detection of deoxyribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction method. Whereas, the culture depends on cellular viability, and has reduced sensitivity, as well as needs favorable conditions in the sample collection and transportation, PCR shows high sensitivity and specificity, but it does not allow the determination of antibiogram, what reduces its usefulness. In addition, few laboratories possess conditions to perform cultivation of obligate anaerobes or have experience in the molecular detection of these microorganisms.

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A presente invenção descreve um arcabouço (scaffold) tridimensional biodegradável de fibrina, formado por uma serinoprotease extraída a partir de veneno de serpente, um crioprecipitado rico em fibrinogênio extraído de bubalinos, o diluente cloreto de cálcio e uma solução de uma população de células tronco. O arcabouço é apropriado para suportar uma população de 106 células por mL de fibrina por um período prolongado de tempo, em que as células tronco são mesenquimais, de tecido umbilical e células tronco mononucleares. A invenção descreve, ainda, o processo de obtenção do arcabouço, cujos componentes são providos separadamente e polimerizam-se in situ após mistura. O arcabouço descrito apresenta inúmeras aplicações médicas, podendo aumentar a vascularização, a quimiotaxia celular, a regeneração nervosa e/ou a cicatrização de feridas no local da administração. Devido à sua origem animal, não há o risco de transmitir doenças infecciosas.

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A presente invenção descreve um selante de fibrina, o qual compreende uma serinoprotease extraída a partir de veneno de serpente, um crioprecipitado rico em fibrinogênio extraído de bubalinos e o diluente cloreto de cálcio. A invenção ainda ensina o método de formação do selante, cujos componentes são providos separadamente e polimerizam-se in situ após mistura, bem como seu uso. O selante de fibrina descrito apresenta inúmeras aplicações médicas tópicas e não há o risco de transmitir doenças infecciosas.

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Contexto: É descrita uma infestação por ácaros hematófagos aviários, que se manifesta em ambientes humanos através da colonização por pombos e seus ninhos. Descrição de caso: A paciente pernoitou em ambiente rural com ninhos de pombos e, no retorno, queixou-se de dermatite e prurido intenso, inicialmente nos antebraços, região anteromedial das coxas e região poplítea. O exame dermatológico mostrou múltiplas pápulas eritematosas, pruriginosas e escoriadas, com cerca de 2 mm de diâmetro. Medicada para escabiose, trouxe os ácaros em uma segunda consulta (identificados como sendo da espécie Dermanyssus gallinae) e obteve resolução do quadro após terapêutica para prurigo agudo. Discussão: A gamasoidose é uma doença disseminada por todo o mundo. Atualmente, com a proliferação de pombos nas cidades, ocorre na zona urbana, a partir de ninhos construídos em telhados ou em nichos para ar-condicionado. Os principais agentes são os ácaros Dermanyssus gallinae, D. avium, Ornithonyssus sylviarum e Ornithonyssus bursa. Estes são ectoparasitas hematófagos temporá- rios de aves domésticas e selvagens, mas também podem se alimentar da espécie humana. Em humanos, os sintomas são cutâneos, não havendo relato de transmissão de doenças infecciosas ou quadros graves. As lesões são maculopapulares e eritematosas, podendo ser confundidas com a pediculose e a escabiose. Conclusões: A infestação por ácaros aviários não está restrita apenas à área rural ou silvestre, sendo cada vez mais comum nas regiões urbanas. Assim, é de grande importância que não só os dermatologistas como os médicos de formação geral conheçam e saibam como suspeitar e tratar adequadamente esta entidade

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Paciente feminino 36 anos, com queixa de febre noturna, astenia, parestesia de membros inferiores, artralgia, hepatoesplenomegalia, lesões cutâneas, anemia hipocrômica, microcítica e linfopenia. Sorologia negativa para Hepatite B,C e HIV; FAN e anti-DNA também negativos. Histopatologia da medula óssea mostrou-se discretamente hipercelular, com presença de focos de histiócitos com citoplasma vacuolado (células pseudo-gaucher-like),aspecto megaloblástico, linfoplasmocitico e lipogranulomatoso. A coloração Ziehl- -Nielsen positivo; diagnóstico morfológico: micobacteriose de medula óssea. A cultura do sangue e do aspirado de medula óssea foi negativo para M.tuberculosis. Biópsia das lesões cutâneas máculas e pápulas hipercrômicas dos membros inferiores e superiores revelou hanseníase de padrão Vichowiana. A pesquisa BAAR pela Faraco demonstrou numerosos bacilos, sendo a maioria de padrão granuloso. Pacientes com hanseníase virchowiana tem acometimento cutâneo em 100% dos casos, o baço é o órgão mais frequentemente acometido com disseminação através do sangue periférico. O quadro anêmico e a linfopenia provavelmente se deve à cronicidade da infecção, levando a infiltração medular. A ocorrência do comprometimento medular em paciente com hanseníase Virchowiana é excepcional, mesmo em países endêmicos, e pode indicar necessidade de tratamento mais prolongado.

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Introdução: A Hanseníase, em pacientes de formas multibacilares, pode apresentar episódios reacionais de Eritema Nodoso Hansênico, que podem ocorrer antes, durante e após o tratamento, causando neurites, iridociclites e orquiepidimites, levando a sequelas importantes, como cegueira e incapacidade motora. Objetivo: observar a freqüência de surtos de ENH de acordo com o tratamento com PQT e o número de vezes em que se repetiu. Métodos: ocorrência de ENH em pacientes com hanseníase multibacilar. Resultados: Foram avaliados 344 pacientes, 59,88% da forma MB; destes, 59,2% apresentaram ENH. A faixa etária variou de 12 a 86 anos, a maioria, 51,63%, entre 40-59 anos; dois (1,63%) eram menores de 15 anos; 52 eram da forma D e 70 da V; 66,39% do sexo masculino e 33,60% do feminino. Os episódios reacionais variaram de 1 a 17 por paciente; 16,39% o apresentaram uma vez e 17,21% acima de 7; 40,77% não o apresentaram. No geral, 68,02% apresentaram mais de três episódios. Quanto ao tratamento, em 8,19% o episódio manifestou-se antes do início, em 64,75% durante e em 30,32%, após. 51,63% apresentaram durante e após. Observou-se que em 63,11% o IB foi considerado alto, maior ou igual a 3 +++. Conclusão: considerou-se elevados o número de pacientes que o apresentaram e o número de repetições acima de 3 vezes, o que aumenta os riscos dos danos e seqüelas. Todas as medidas para evitá-lo devem consideradas.

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This study was developed with the purpose to search for relevant knowledge concerning nursing care for individuals exposed to the rabies virus and submitted to post-exposure anti-rabies serovaccination. The authors aimed at evaluating the epidemiological aspects of accidents involving household and wild animals occurring in 2007 and patients assisted at a reference hospital located in the mid-southern region of São Paulo State. They also aimed at identifying the relevance of nurses' actions by describing aspects of care provision. The method adopted was exploratory, retrospective and descriptive of the epidemiological aspects of the accidents and of the care provided to these patients by referring to information in their medical charts. Fifty-one charts of patients aged 17 to 81 years, considered to be at risk and with indication for post-exposure prophylaxis against human rabies were evaluated. It was found that nursing care provision to these patients presents low complexity although it requires properly trained professionals. It was possible to identify the relevance of nurses' actions in care provision and procedures related to anti-rabies prophylaxis; however, consistent information concerning nursing care was not observed.

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There has been a lot of advance in genomics since 1975 when the possibility to determine the nucleotide sequence of a genome was described. In the 90’s the human genome sequencing was started and it was greatly favored by advances in computer technologies. In the last ten years the development of next generation sequencing technologies allowed the sequencing of millions of bases at low cost and in a shorter time compared to the previous technologies. After the conclusion of the human genome project, several initiatives to sequence the genome of domestic animal species were taken, resulting in a large amount of data that is redirecting the goals of genetic studies in domestic animals. The aim of this review was to describe the present situation of the sequencing initiatives on the main domestic animal species of economical interest as well as to list the most important tools available to access the genomic information.

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Although equines have participated in the forming and development of several civilizations around the world since their domestication 6,000 years ago in comparison to other species that have zootechnical interest, few researches have been done related to animal breeding area, especially in Brazil. Some reasons for that are difficulties associated with the species as well as operational aspects. However, developments in genetics in the last decades contributed to a better understanding of the traits related to reproduction, heath, behavior and performance of domestic animals, including equines. Recent technologies as next generation sequencing methods and the high density chips of SNPs for genotyping allowed some advances in the researches already done. These researches used basically the candidate gene strategy, and identified genomic regions related to diseases and syndromes and, more recently, the performance in sport competition and specific abilities. Using these genomic analysis tools, some regions related to race performance have been identified and based on this information; genetic tests to select superior animals for racing performance have started to be available in the market.

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One of the main tendencies of leprosy worldwide is the simultaneous action of non governmental organizations and official agencies operating eventual different strategies. This paper aims to contribute to such question focusing on some outstanding aspects of respective contemporary evolution. METHODS Application of bibliographic review and contents analysis techniques to primary data from a circumstancial set of open circulation specific publications. RESULTS Successive disagreements registered between both parts refer to the objective to be attained by the fight against the disease, if control or elimination. CONCLUSIONS New perspectives of jointed actions are being searched for now when priority on endemics control is more realistically assumed and social determination is been really considered.

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, and can infect a wide variety of animals including humans. Domestic animals can be an important sentinel population for infection in the community. Occurrence of T. gondii infection was assessed in dogs in the urban area of Botucatu city, SP, Brazil. In the sample, 10% rate for error estimate, 95% confidence interval, and 5% significance level were established. Serum samples were collected from dogs during a rabies vaccination campaign, and were processed using modified agglutination test (MAT). Blood samples were collected from 670 dogs, with homogeneous distribution in five regions in the urban area, representing 3.74% of 17,910 animals vaccinated. In this sample, 17.3% (116/670) dogs (68 – 58.6% female and 48 – 41.4% male) were positive for T. gondii infection (p<0.03). Regarding age of the infected dogs 4.6% (4/88) were younger and 95.4% (84/88) were older than one year (p<0.01); the age of 28 positive animals were undetermined. The serum titers of anti-T. gondii antibodies were: 16 (69.8%; 81/116), 64 (13.8%; 16/116), 256 (15.5%; 18/116), and 1024 (0.9%; 1/116). Prevalence was distributed among the North 14.2% (19/134), South 18.0% (31/172), East 15.7% (19/121), West 21.6% (27/125), and Central 16.9% (20/118) regions of the municipality (p=0.5). In all these regions, females and dogs aged more than one year showed a higher occurrence of T. gondii infection (p<0.05).

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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Domestic cats (Fells catus) are widely believed to be highly sensitive to the effects of social stress, especially when living in high density populations. Cats are capable of adapting to living in a group, but this will often require opportunities for escaping and hiding. In this pilot study, adrenocortical activity, as a valuable physiological indicator of arousal underpinning potential emotional stress, was evaluated through the measurement of mean faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (mGCM) in fourteen singly and sixteen group-housed cats. Living conditions and ratings of the owners' quality of life (evaluated from self-reported questionnaires) were used as factors associated with faecal glucocorticoid levels of the cats. A direct association between the scores of owners' social dimension of quality of life and the cats' mGCM was found for single cats only, with higher owner social scores associated with higher cat mGCM. No significant differences in mGCM were found between singly versus group-living cats. This suggests that the under-explored factor of owner lifestyle could play an important role in domestic cats' day-to-day levels of arousal, especially when kept as single pets.