O regime de metas de inflação: fundamentação teórica e abordagem empírica para o Brasil

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Análise de causas de trincas em carro de translação de empilhadeira/recuperadora

The present work aims to study the possible causes of cracks founded and recovered in translation cars of ore Forklift / ore Reclaimer. To identify the possible causes of cracks observed on the equipment it was used a static approach analysis, using a finite element method as an analysis tool, using a specific structural analysis program. After making the model, a strain gage measurement was necessary because there may be significant amounts of masses of non-structural components that were not modeled and were not available in the drawings, as well as fouling ore. With the calibrated model it was processed analyses with the load cases of dead load, product, wind and excavation. After the processing, it was observed that none of these load cases resulted in values that caused the crack, so another three hypotheses were tested: depression and misalignment, jacking and translation of only three cars. Of these three hypotheses it was observed that the jacking coud be the cause of the cracks, because the distribution of stress. Due to the miss of parameters, like the height utilized in this process, it was not possible to affirm the real stress level

A taxa de câmbio do Brasil é válida no longo prazo?

The objective of this study was to test the validity of the real exchange rate in the long run. For that five tests were performed based on equation, which relates to real exchange rate, international trade, domestic income. The main difference is that the tests when we are working with quarterly data, the parameters are significantly different from zero – i.e., the variables real exchange rate, international trade, domestic income and net exports on long term relationship – and, moreover, the signs are as expected. This implies that it is possible to increase exports with currency devaluation. Thus, based on data and tests that work we conclude that the exchange rate is an important instrument of trade policy, given that devaluations are valid even in the long term.

O regime de metas de inflação no Brasil: uma análise empírica do IPCA

Inflation targeting regime is a monetary policy adopted by several countries in the 1990s, Brazil being among them, which adopted it in 1999 after a currency crisis. With a theoretical framework inspired by the new-classical theory, this regime is adopted by countries attempting to achieve price stability and it brings the prior announcement of a numerical target for inflation as a key feature. The present work aims at discussing the use of IPCA (Consumer Price Index) as a measuring index for Brazil's inflation after briefly explain the theoretical basis of the IT regime.

Dinâmica não linear e projeto de controle em sistemas de transporte vertical: comportamentos periódicos e caóticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identificação de parâmetros em sistemas rotativos utilizando funções de otimização e observadores de estado

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Caracterização química e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas de maçã

Apple is a fruit that offers promising prospect for industrialization as it has favorable characteristics for this purpose and can obtain products with good acceptance. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the production is processed into juice, and a portion is exported. Among the fresh fruit and juice, apple adds US$ 30 million annually to the Brazilian foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study was to characterize, using chemical analysis, concentrated juices, commercial apple juice, nectar, and soft drink. In addition, to compare them with their respective Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Concentrated juices and commercial beverages were analyzed in triplicate for soluble solids content (Brix), pH, total acidity (AT), and ratio. In concentrated juices, the Total Sugar Reducer (ART) was also assessed. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the PIQ and Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with applicable regulations. Seven concentrate juices, five juices, six nectars, and three apple-flavoured soft drinks were analyzed. The Brix of pulpy and clarified concentrated juices were, respectively, 71.16±1.29 and 40.40±0.57°Brix. In all concentrated juices, the Brix was in accordance with Codex Alimentarius. The Brix and AT in sweetened clarified juices were 11.50±0.14°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100g sample. In pulpy whole juices the values ​​were 11.20±0.70°Brix and 0.30±0.06g of malic acid/100g sample. The values of Brix and AT in apple-flavoured soft drinks were 11.03±0.93°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100ml sample. Commercial juices and soft drinks also presented °Brix and AT in accord with the PIQ established by MAPA. The apple nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius. The definition of the PIQ is an important tool for quality control of beverages manufacture in Brazil. Therefore, it is recommended for the control agencies to define the parameters that are not established.

Políticas e desenvolvimento do estado de Mato Grosso após abertura comercial: análise da visão de dois empresários atuantes no setor

After realizing two interviews, with distinct managers/businessmen working in the cotton industry, the objective is to put in evidence the political, economical and social factors that contributed to the formation and configuration of the Mato Grosso state, after the trade liberalization that occurred in the early 90's, it's effects and consequences in the eyes of the interviewed. The study of public policies is primordial to the discovery of the configuration of determined place, evaluating advances and possible errors in the social, economical and environmental areas. Through the analysis of the interviews it has been found that the urban centers have been developing with a direct link to the industrial activities related to agriculture and that the labor work force have also been attracted because of these changes, and as a consequence this labor force is now becoming more specialized to be able to accompany the jobs requirements in the industry. Analyzing the interviews, it is possible to highlight some information about the development of Mato Grosso, among those the following factors and public policies. The creation and expansion of the cities in the state are possible through public and private investment in infrastructure the socioeconomic development of the state is linked with the advances made in the private sector that grows because of advances made in crops technology in contrast to the occupation of the cerrado, in relation to the cotton crops. The problems that Mato Grosso is facing are mainly linked to the region infrastructure, that can count on investment plans to transportation and production flow that dates before the globalization era. The pattern that is seen today with top of the line agricultural production, big monoculture with high productivity and the arrival of multinational giants, was implanted because of two important events: the trade liberalization in the 1990's and the cambial depreciation in the 1999's...

Políticas e desenvolvimento do estado de Mato Grosso após abertura comercial: análise da visão de dois empresários atuantes no setor

After realizing two interviews, with distinct managers/businessmen working in the cotton industry, the objective is to put in evidence the political, economical and social factors that contributed to the formation and configuration of the Mato Grosso state, after the trade liberalization that occurred in the early 90's, it's effects and consequences in the eyes of the interviewed. The study of public policies is primordial to the discovery of the configuration of determined place, evaluating advances and possible errors in the social, economical and environmental areas. Through the analysis of the interviews it has been found that the urban centers have been developing with a direct link to the industrial activities related to agriculture and that the labor work force have also been attracted because of these changes, and as a consequence this labor force is now becoming more specialized to be able to accompany the jobs requirements in the industry. Analyzing the interviews, it is possible to highlight some information about the development of Mato Grosso, among those the following factors and public policies. The creation and expansion of the cities in the state are possible through public and private investment in infrastructure the socioeconomic development of the state is linked with the advances made in the private sector that grows because of advances made in crops technology in contrast to the occupation of the cerrado, in relation to the cotton crops. The problems that Mato Grosso is facing are mainly linked to the region infrastructure, that can count on investment plans to transportation and production flow that dates before the globalization era. The pattern that is seen today with top of the line agricultural production, big monoculture with high productivity and the arrival of multinational giants, was implanted because of two important events: the trade liberalization in the 1990's and the cambial depreciation in the 1999's...

EFEITO DA IDADE E POSIÇÃO DE AMOSTRAGEM NA DENSIDADE E CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis

The knowledge of the variations in the wood characteristics produced by eucalyptus trees according to age and sampling positions is essential for its proper use. This study had as objective to evaluate the influence of the age, longitudinal and radial positions on basic density and anatomical characteristics in Eucalyptus grandis wood. The trees were planted in 3x2 m spacing and fertilized with commercial fertilizers in planting, 6th and 12th months. According to basal area distribution, fifteen trees were selected (24, 36 and 72 months of age) - five trees per age. Disks at DBH position (1.3 m) were taken for fiber determination (length, wall thickness, lumen diameter and width) and vessels (tangential diameter, frequency and area occupied) and in other different sampling positions for basic density determination. Wood basic density increased from 0.43 to 0.46 g.cm(-3) as well as the trees age increases with a longitudinal variation model, characterized through a decrease in base-3m (0.42-0.49 -> 0.40-0.46 g.cm(-3)) and an increase to the top of the trunk (0.46 -> 0.54 g.cm(-3)) Fibers and vessels dimensions showed variations related to age and to pit-bark direction. Wood properties behavior and variations indicate that, until this period, the juvenile wood is being formed.

Determinantes da separação entre propriedade e gestão nas cooperativas agropecuárias brasileiras

As cooperativas agropecuárias brasileiras geralmente são organizações complexas e de propriedade difusa. Entretanto, 48% dessas organizações não promovem a desvinculação dos proprietários das decisões de gestão, contrariando o que é estabelecido pelo preceito teórico dominante para empresas - cooperativas e não cooperativas - similares. Diante desse desalinhamento, neste artigo investigaram-se os possíveis determinantes da separação entre propriedade e gestão nessas organizações. Na medida em que o processo de separação compreende diferentes relações de agência, foram utilizados respectivamente os modelos logit e tobit para estudar o que determina a delegação do direito de controle formal pelos proprietários ao conselho de administração e a divisão do processo decisório entre os membros do conselho e o executivo responsável pela gestão. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se o fato de complexidade e propriedade difusa não terem se mostrado relevantes para explicar a separação entre propriedade e gestão, diferentemente do que ocorre em sociedades anônimas. Em contrapartida, características do conselho de administração (tamanho, alocação de autoridade formal, limites à reeleição, reputação e esforço) têm importante papel na determinação da ocorrência de separação. Por tratar-se do primeiro trabalho a abordar o problema do controle em cooperativas agropecuárias, novas pesquisas empíricas são desejáveis.

Efeito da idade e posição de amostragem na densidade e características anatômicas da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis

O conhecimento das variações das características da madeira produzida pelas árvores de eucalipto em função da idade e posição no tronco é fundamental para o seu uso adequado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da idade e das posições longitudinal na densidade básica e radial nas características anatômicas do lenho das árvores de Eucalyptus grandis plantadas no espaçamento 3x2 m e fertilizadas com adubação comercial no plantio, 6º, 12° mês. Foram selecionadas, de acordo com a distribuição de área basal, quinze árvores de eucalipto com 24, 36 e 72 meses de idade, sendo 5 árvores/idade, e cortados discos do lenho a 1,30 m da altura do solo (DAP) para as determinações das dimensões das fibras (comprimento, espessura da parede, diâmetro do lume e largura total) e vasos (diâmetro tangencial, frequência e área ocupada) e em diferentes alturas fixas do tronco para a determinação da densidade básica. A densidade básica do lenho aumentou de 0,43 g.cm-3 para 0,46 g.cm-3 com o avanço da idade das árvores, apresentando um modelo de variação longitudinal, comum as três idades, caracterizado pelo decréscimo da base-3m (0,42-0,49 g.cm-3 0,40-0,46 g.cm-3) e posterior aumento até a extremidade (0,46 g.cm-3 0,54 g.cm-3) do tronco. As dimensões das fibras e dos vasos apresentaram variações tanto em relação à idade quanto no sentido medula-casca. O comportamento e as variações das características do lenho das árvores de eucalipto indicam que o meristema cambial está formando, até este período, o lenho denominado de juvenil.

O regime de metas de inflação no Brasil: uma análise empírica do IPCA

O regime monetário de metas de inflação é um padrão de conduta da política monetária que passou a ser utilizado por vários países a partir da década de 1990, dentre eles o Brasil, que adotou este modelo em 1999, após uma crise cambial. Com seu arcabouço teórico pautado nas premissas da teoria novo-clássica e tendo como principal característica o anúncio prévio de uma meta numérica para a inflação, este regime passou a ser adotado por países que buscavam alcançar a estabilidade de seus preços. O presente trabalho irá brevemente expor a base teórica e as características do referido regime. Porém, o foco principal será a discussão da utilização do IPCA (Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo) pelo regime de metas como balizador da inflação no Brasil.

Effects of Ethylene on Secondary Xylem Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Ethylene has myriad roles as a plant hormone, ranging from senescence and defending against pathogen attacks to fruit ripening and interactions with other hormones. It has been shown to increase cambial activity in poplar, but the effect on wood formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyl has not previously been studied. The Auxin-Regulated Gene involved in Organ Size (ARGOS), which increases organ size by lengthening the time for cell division, was found to be upregulated by ethylene. We tested the effect of ethylene treatment at 10 and 100 µM ACC on three genotypes of Arabidopsis, Col0 (wild-type), an ARGOS deficient mutant (argos), and ein3-1, an ethylene insensitive mutant. ARGOS expression analysis with qPCR indicated that ACC does induce ARGOS and ARGOS-LIKE (ARL) in the hypocotyl. As seen in poplar, ethylene also decreases stem elongation.Histochemical staining, showed that ethylene changes the way secondary xylem lignifies, causing gaps in lignification around the outer edge of secondary xylem. Our results also implied that ethylene treatment changes the proportion of secondary to total xylem, resulting in less secondary, whereas in poplar, ethylene treatment caused an increase.

Ultrasonic acoustic emissions in drought-stressed trees - more than signals from cavitation?

Ultrasonic acoustic emission (UAE) in trees is often related to collapsing water columns in the flow path as a result of tensions that are too strong (cavitation). However, in a decibel (dB) range below that associated with cavitation, a close relationship was found between UAE intensities and stem radius changes. • UAE was continuously recorded on the stems of mature field-grown trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) at a dry inner-Alpine site in Switzerland over two seasons. The averaged 20-Hz records were related to microclimatic conditions in air and soil, sap-flow rates and stem-radius fluctuations de-trended for growth (ΔW). • Within a low-dB range (27 ± 1 dB), UAE regularly increased and decreased in a diurnal rhythm in parallel with ΔW on cloudy days and at night. These low-dB emissions were interrupted by UAE abruptly switching between the low-dB range and a high-dB range (36 ± 1 dB) on clear, sunny days, corresponding to the widely supported interpretation of UAE as sound from cavitations. • It is hypothesized that the low-dB signals in drought-stressed trees are caused by respiration and/or cambial growth as these physiological activities are tissue water-content dependent and have been shown to produce courses of CO2 efflux similar to our courses of ΔW and low-dB UAE.