1000 resultados para Derivados do leite - Processamento


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Considering the possibility that pesticides used in cattle raising produce residues in milk and cause harm to public health, this study developed a multiresidue method for determination of pesticide residues in bovine milk, using a modified QuEChERS method for sample preparation, and quantification by GC-MS/MS. The method proved to be efficient, resulting in satisfactory recoveries in the range 71.1 to 117.4%, for 45 of the 48 compounds analyzed with RSD values < 17.3%. The method LOD and LOQ were3.0 and 10.0 µg L-1, respectively, except for cyfluthrin which showed 7.5 and 25.0 µg L-1.

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The nutritional and functional benefits offered by whey protein α-lactalbumin justify the great interest in its manufacture in large quantities at a high purity level. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate material able to adsorb proteins and can be synthesized at low production cost. Therefore, this work evaluated the adsorption of α-lactalbumin on hydroxyapatite using solid-liquid phase equilibrium data reported as adsorption isotherms. Van't Hoff's thermodynamics analysis showed that the adsorption process is entropically driven.

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In the last ten years, the interest in natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacin derivatives has increased, primarily due their cytotoxic and anti-tumoral activities. However, the isolation of glycosylated cucurbitacins has been difficult due the presence of β-glucosidase enzyme. With the aim of obtaining new glycosylated derivatives, the glycosylation of dihydrocucurbitacin B under Köenigs-Knorr and imidate reaction conditions was studied. Novel glycoside derivatives 16-(1,2-orthoacetate-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-dihydrocucurbitacin B (2), 2-O-β-D-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-galactopyranosyl dihydrocucurbitacin B (3) and 2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl dihydrocucurbitacin B (4) were synthesized for the first time in 17% (2 and 3) and 48% (4) yields.

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Samples of whole fluid pasteurized, UHT and powdered milk were analyzed for the presence of organophosphorus pesticide residues (OPR) using the QuEChERS method with detection by GC-FPD and confirmation by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 23% of fluid milk samples and 27% of powdered milk samples contained at least one organophosphorus residue. The OPR found in the samples showed these can reach the milk and remain even after pasteurization, sterilization and drying processes. Some domestic sanitary residues were also present in the powdered milk samples. These residues have no LMR in Brazilian food legislation and are therefore not taken into account in food intake evaluations. There was an unidentified chromatographic peak in 30% of all the liquid and powdered milk samples, indicating the presence of some other contaminant.

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Podophyllotoxin is the most studied lignan because of its use as an antimitotic agent and because it is a precursor of pharmacologically active derivatives. This review describes the anticancer activities of podophyllotoxin and the different processes that have been developed for its extraction and purification from Podophyllum spp. In addition, the synthesis routes of this compound and the development of three semi-synthetic procedures to obtain etoposide, teniposide, and Etopophos are detailed.

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In this work, we used an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of the ionic liquid [C4mim][Cl] and the salt K2HPO4 to partition α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin whey proteins. Extraction efficiency values above 87% indicate that the proteins primarily migrated to the ionic liquid-rich phase (top phase). Partition coefficient values ranged from 6.17 to 8.93 for a-lactalbumin, from 22.80 to 34.55 for β-lactoglobulin, and from 26.46 to 40.06 for lactoferrin. Therefore, the saline ATPS with the ionic liquid examined in this study can be considered to be a promising alternative for extracting whey proteins.

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We report herein a study on the glycosylation of cyclohexanol with four D-glucosamine-based peracetylated glycosyl chlorides bearing different substituents at C-2 and three glycosylation promoters, silver carbonate, silver triflate and mercury II chloride/mercury II oxide, by the Koenigs-Knorr method. Under the conditions studied, glycosylation was successful only when 3,4,6-tri-O -acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride was used as the glycosyl donor, with silver carbonate proving the best promoter. In order to investigate the influence of the nature of the halogen at C-1, we also carried out the glycosylation of cyclohexanol with 3,4,6-tri-O -acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide, a more reactive glycosyl donor. As expected, the yield with the bromide derivative was higher with the three promoters and, again, silver carbonate was the most efficient promoter. Finally, to illustrate the well-known efficient procedure for conversion of the phtalimido group at C-2 to the corresponding acetamido group, cyclohexyl 3,4,6-tri-O -acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phtalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside was converted into cyclohexyl 2-deoxy-2-acetamido-β-D-glucopyranoside in two steps, namely, hydrazinolysis of the phtalimido group followed by chemoselective acetylation of the free amino group by treatment with acetic anhydride in methanol, at 77% overall yield.

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Both primary and secondary amines react with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to give derivatives of 1-alkylamino-2,4-dinitrobenzene. These compounds are important intermediates for the synthesis of a diverse range of products. The methodology reported in the present study involves either the room temperature reaction or heating at 70 °C in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine. This transformation occurs via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The 1-alkylamino-2,4-dinitrobenzene derivatives were obtained in greater than 90% purified yield. The selective reduction of dinitro compounds is an important synthetic strategy for the synthesis of intermediates for dyes, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The use of SnCl2 as a suspension in EtOAc is a promising method for the regio- and chemo-selective reduction of 1-alkylamino-2,4-dinitrobenzenes to 1-alkylamino-2-amino-4-nitrobenzenes. These products are useful intermediates in organic synthesis.

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The present paper demonstrates the application of functional GGA hybrids, with long-range corrections, for the calculation of the electronic properties of artemisinin and two of its derivatives - artemether e artesunate. Due to the relatively large amount of data obtained, the statistical method of Principal Component Analysis was employed. The functionals of the WB97 family are observed to be the most appropriate for the determining of reactivity indexes, which are the principal descriptors that, probably, are associated with the antimalarial and anticancer properties of this group of molecules. In addition, it was also observed that all the functionals obtained satisfactorily describe the geometric properties of the studied.

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The phenanthridinone heterocyclic system has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the diverse array of physical, chemical and pharmacological properties demonstrated by natural and synthetic derivatives. As a consequence there has been considerable development of synthetic methodology for the synthesis of this and related heterocyclic ring systems. The synthetic literature is discussed and is compared with a direct arylation methodology for the intramolecular cyclization of tertiary (2-iodo)benzoylamides to generate the biaryl bond of these compounds. The efficient methodology allowed the synthesis of a number of previously unknown phenanthridinone products. The photoluminescent properties of representative examples were characterized and it is proposed that the previously unknown compound 1s reveals dual fluorescence in a manner similar to the known compound 1r.

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Na busca de novos nematicidas sintéticos, oito derivados da piperazina foram preparados. Esses compostos, e também dois derivados da piperazina e a piperazina, disponíveis comercialmente, foram submetidos a ensaios biológicos para avaliar a atividade dos mesmos sobre os fitonematóides Meloidogyne incognita e Heterodera glycines. Na concentração de 20 mig mL-1, os compostos causaram de 3 a 73% de mortalidade em M. incognita e de 7 a 58% de mortalidade em H. glycines.

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Na análise de leite por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma induzido (ICP-OES) o produto comercial CFA-C, constituído por aminas terciárias, vêm sendo usado com sucesso como diluente em fase única. Devido ao custo do produto e possibilidades de contaminação durante o armazenamento, decidiu-se desenvolver um outro reagente de propriedades equivalentes ao referido produto. Testes qualitativos mostraram que o produto não contém ácido bórico nem EDTA. Em uma titulação potenciométrica de uma solução aquosa 10% v/v CFA-C com HCl obtiveram-se dois picos potenciométricos e deduziu-se que 90% do ácido foi consumido para neutralização da amina livre e 10% foi gasto para protonar um ânion de ácido fraco usado para formar um tampão de razão molar 10:1, do tipo R3N/R3NH+. Em uma simulação desse reagente preparou-se uma solução 6,06 mol L-1 de monoetanolamina (MEA) e 0,20 mol L-1 ácido cítrico, triprótico, para formar um tampão do mesmo tipo, 10:1, baseado na propriedade do íon citrato em complexar Ca(II). Outro tampão citrato mais diluído (1,52 mol L-1) foi preparado usando trishidroximetilaminometano (TRIS), que é uma amina menos solúvel. Essas misturas foram caracterizadas por análise potenciométrica e termoanalítica. O comportamento desses novos tampões amina/citrato foi adequado e comparável ao produto comercial.

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A reação de cicloadição [4+3] entre o furano e o cátion oxialílico, gerado in situ a partir da 2,4-dibromopentan-3-ona, forneceu o 2alfa,4alfa-dimetil-8-oxabiciclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ona (1). A oxidação catalítica do oxabiciclo 1 com tetróxido de ósmio em presença de peróxido de hidrogênio em excesso levou à formação do acetonídeo 10, a partir do qual foram obtidos os álcoois 2, 11-15, com rendimentos de 23-86%. O tratamento dos álcoois 11-13 com cloreto de tionila, em presença de piridina, resultou nos respectivos alquenos 17 (94%), 18 (89%) e 19 (80%). A atividade herbicida dos compostos foi avaliada sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de Sorghum bicolor L. e Cucumis sativus L., nas concentrações de 100 e 250 ppm.

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Neste trabalho foram sintetizados 12 derivados azalactônicos pela metodologia clássica de Plöchl-Erlenmeyer. Destes, um foi avaliado quanto a fotoestabilidade em solução por meio de experimentos de fotodegradação utilizando agentes encapsulantes e diferentes solventes. Para a irradiação das amostras foi empregada uma lâmpada de mercúrio de 80W. Os resultados mostram que a fotodegradação do corante ocorre muito mais rapidamente em solventes polares e que o agente encapsulante é fundamental na sua fotoestabilidade.

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Alguns compostos de platina (II), como por exemplo, cisplatina, carboplatina e oxaloplatina, têm sido utilizados como agentes quimioterápicos no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer. Contudo, na tentativa de reduzir a toxicidade e ampliar o espectro de atividade da cisplatina e de seus análogos, milhares de complexos têm sido preparados variando a natureza dos ligantes. Este trabalho descreve a síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de platina, tendo iodeto e derivados do furano como ligantes. Os complexos foram caracterizados por RMN, IV e análise elementar.