Fisheries and fishing effort at the Indigenous Reserves Ashaninka/Kaxinawá, river Breu, Brazil/Peru

Este artigo tem o objetivo de descrever a pesca de subsistência das populações tradicionais de uma aldeia Ashaninka e duas Kaxinawá vivendo à beira do rio Breu. Inicialmente, foram treinados monitores para preencher fichas de coleta de dados das pescarias nas aldeias durante um ciclo anual (agosto/1995 agosto/1996). A partir desses dados realizaram-se os inventários das espécies de peixes capturadas e dos ambientes pesqueiros. A análise dos dados foi efetuada por meio de estatística descritiva e exploratória. Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: i) os ambientes mais procurados pelos índios foram os poços; ii) as espécies mais capturadas os mandis (35%, Pimelodidae), os bodes ou cascudos (Loricariidae), com destaque para o bode praiano (25%, Hypostomus sp.), o curimatã (9%, Prochilodus sp.) e os saburus (8%, Curimatidae), entre outros; iii) constatou-se que os arreios ou apetrechos de pesca que mais capturam peixes são o tingui (veneno), a tarrafa e o arco/flecha, respectivamente; iv) durante o verão a atividade de pesca é mais intensa; v) as medidas de esforço de pesca e os fatores associados que foram estatisticamente significativos nas predições das capturas na Reserva Indígena foram: f1 = o (número de pescadores), f2 = o (número de pescadores*tempo total das pescarias) e f3 = o [(número de pescadores*tempo total das pescarias)-(o tempo de deslocamento)] e os fatores aldeias e arreios; vi) apesar da maioria das pescarias serem realizadas a pé até os pesqueiros, as capturas são maiores quando a locomoção se dá através de canoa a remo; e vii) os pescadores mais ativos nas pescarias na Reserva Indígena foram os Kaxinawá.

Computational studies of the reversible domain swapping of p13suc1

A minimalist representation of protein structures using a Go- like potential for interactions is implemented to investigate the mechanisms of the domain swapping of p13suc1, a protein that exists in two native conformations: a monomer and a domain- swapped dimer formed by the exchange of a beta- strand. Inspired by experimental studies which showed a similarity of the transition states for folding of the monomer and the dimer, in this study we justify this similarity in molecular descriptions. When intermediates are populated in the simulations, formation of a domain- swapped dimer initiates from the ensemble of unfolded monomers, given by the fact that the dimer formation occurs at the folding/ unfolding temperature of the monomer ( T-f). It is also shown that transitions, leading to a dimer, involve the presence of two intermediates, one of them has a dimeric form and the other is monomeric; the latter is much more populated than the former. However, at temperatures lower than T-f, the population of intermediates decreases. It is argued that the two folded forms may coexist in absence of intermediates at a temperature much lower than T-f. Computational simulations enable us to find a mechanism, `` lock- and- dock'', for domain swapping of p13suc1. To explore the route toward dimer formation, the folding of unstructured monomers must be retarded by first locking one of the free ends of each chain. Then, the other free termini could follow and dock at particular regions, where most intrachain contacts are formed, and thus de. ne the transition states of the dimer. The simulations also showed that a decrease in the maximum distance between monomers increased their stability, which is explained based on confinement arguments. Although the simulations are based on models extracted from the native structure of the monomer and the dimer of p13suc1, the mechanism of the domain- swapping process could be general, not only for p13suc1.

Computational Aspects of the Calculation of Isometry Groups in General Relativity

We describe the ideas behind the package 'isometry', implemented in Maple to calculate isometry groups of dimensions 2, 3 and 4 in General Relativity. The package extends the functionality of previous programs written to perform invariant classification of space-times in General Relativity. Programming solutions used to surmount problems encountered with the calculation of eigenvectors and the determination of the signs of expressions are described. We also show how the package can be used to find the Killing vectors of a space-time.

A joint computational and experimental study of a novel dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex bearing chiral N,N-dimethyllactamide ligand

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Exploring the binding mechanism of Guaijaverin to human serum albumin: Fluorescence spectroscopy and computational approach

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Amazon fisheries. I. - Variations in the relative abundance of tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) based on catch and effort data of the gill-net fisheries.

Adjusted mean catches which are calculated discounting the effect of average fishing effort increase the further the lake is from Manaus, Brazil. -from Author

Sensitivity of AMPA receptor channel to calcium oscillations: A computational study

We used a computational model of biochemical pathways that are involved in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of AMPA receptor to study the receptor responses to calcium oscillations. In the model, the biochemical pathways are assumed to be located immediately under the postsynaptic membrane and we included three states of AMPA receptor: dephosphorylated, and phosphorylated in one or in two sites. To characterize the effects of calcium oscillations on the AMPA receptor, we exposed the model to stimuli with three varying parameters, namely frequency, number of pulses and calcium spike duration. Our model showed sensitivity to all of these three parameters. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Computational linguistic systematization of a lexicon from the ibitinga embroidery industry conceptual domain

This work discusses a proposition for organizing the lexical items from the conceptual domain labeled THE EMBROIDERY INDUSTRY OF IBITINGA in terms of a natural ontology. It also aims to establish the alignment between this ontology and the bases WordNet.Pr and WordNet.Br. © 2009 IEEE.

Maximal clenching effort influence on the electromyographic activity of the trapezius muscle in healthy subjects

Alteration of the occlusion and the position of the jaw can affect the muscles of the neck, due to a relationship between the masticatory and cervical systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify whether the bite in maximal clenching effort, in centric occlusion, in individuals with clinically normal occlusion, and without a history of dysfunction in the masticatory system, influences the electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius muscle. A total of 19 normal individuals participated in the study, 14 of which were women (average age of 25.4 ± 4.14 years), and 5 were men (average age of 24.11 ± 3.28 years). The root mean square (RMS) amplitude and median frequency (MF) of the upper trapezium muscle with 40% and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction were analyzed under pre- and post-maximal clenching effort conditions in centric occlusion. The electromyographic signal was collected with a sampling frequency of 2. kHz and the value in RMS was obtained by a moving window of 200. ms. The paired Student's t-test was used to compare RMS amplitude and MF under pre- and post-maximal clenching effort conditions. The level of significance for each comparison was set to p<0.05. This study concluded that in individuals without a history of dysfunction of the masticatory system, maximum clenching effort in centric occlusion does not alter the electromyographic signal of the upper trapezius. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Simulation of computational grids scheduling politics

Computational grids allow users to share resources of distributed machines, even if those machines belong to different corporations. The scheduling of applications must be performed aiming at performance goals, and focusing on choose which processes can have access to specif resources, and which resources. In this article we discuss aspects of scheduling of application in grid computing environment. We also present a tool for scheduling simulation along with test scenarios and results.

Integrated X-ray crystallography, optical and computational methods in studies of structure and luminescence of new synthesized complexes of lanthanides with ligands derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine

The reaction of 2,6-diformylpyridine-bis(benzoylhydrazone) [dfpbbh] and 2,6-diformylpyridine-bis(4-phenylsemicarbazone) [dfpbpsc] with lanthanides salts yielded the new chelates complexes [Eu(dfpbpsc-H +) 2]NO 3 (1), [Dy(fbhmp) 2][Dy(dfpbbh-2H +) 2]·2EtOH·2H 2O (fbhmp = 2-formylbenzoylhydrazone-6-methoxide-pyridine; Ph = phenyl; Py = pyridine; Et = ethyl) and [Er 2(dfpbbh-2H +) 2(μ-NO 3)(H 2O) 2(OH)]·H 2O. X-ray diffraction analysis was employed for the structural characterization of the three chelate complexes. In the case of complex 1, optical, synthetic and computational methods were also exploited for ground state structure determinations and triplet energy level of the ligand and HOMO-LUMO calculations, as well as for a detailed study of its luminescence properties. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methodology analysis of a computational tool used in electronic circuit design

This paper considers the importance of using a top-down methodology and suitable CAD tools in the development of electronic circuits. The paper presents an evaluation of the methodology used in a computational tool created to support the synthesis of digital to analog converter models by translating between different tools used in a wide variety of applications. This tool is named MS 2SV and works directly with the following two commercial tools: MATLAB/Simulink and SystemVision. Model translation of an electronic circuit is achieved by translating a mixed-signal block diagram developed in Simulink into a lower level of abstraction in VHDL-AMS and the simulation project support structure in SystemVision. The method validation was performed by analyzing the power spectral of the signal obtained by the discrete Fourier transform of a digital to analog converter simulation model. © 2011 IEEE.

Computational tool to support design of DAC Converter model AD7528 with the object code in XML

Based on literature review, electronic systems design employ largely top-down methodology. The top-down methodology is vital for success in the synthesis and implementation of electronic systems. In this context, this paper presents a new computational tool, named BD2XML, to support electronic systems design. From a block diagram system of mixed-signal is generated object code in XML markup language. XML language is interesting because it has great flexibility and readability. The BD2XML was developed with object-oriented paradigm. It was used the AD7528 converter modeled in MATLAB / Simulink as a case study. The MATLAB / Simulink was chosen as a target due to its wide dissemination in academia and industry. From this case study it is possible to demonstrate the functionality of the BD2XML and make it a reflection on the design challenges. Therefore, an automatic tool for electronic systems design reduces the time and costs of the design.

Computational support for the process of software requirement specification

The software industry has become more and more concerned with the appropriate application of activities that composes requirement engineering as a way to improve the quality of its products. In order to support these activities, several computational tools have been available in the market, although it is still possible to find a lack of resources related to some activities. In this context, this paper proposes the inclusion of a module to aid in the requirements specification to a tool called Requirements Elicitation Support Tool. This module allows to specify requirements in accordance with IEEE 830 standard, thus contributing to the documentation of the requirements established for a software system, besides supporting the learning of concepts related to the requirements specification, which improves the skills of users of the tool. © 2012 IEEE.

Sexual differences in parental feeding effort during the nestling period of the White-headed Marsh-Tyrant (Arundinicola leucocephala)

Parental effort may influence the fitness and survivorship of adult birds and their offspring from one breeding season to the next. Although much is known about parental feeding effort in tyrant flycatchers, many species remain understudied. In this study, I examined parental feeding effort of the White-headed Marsh-Tyrant (Awndinicola leucocephala) at a pond in southeastern Brazil. I conducted 10.3 hrs of observations from two locations: a high place with all view of the whole pond, that allowed me to observe flight distances of parents hunting for prey; and from near the nest to observe frequency of visits to the nest. The female marsh-tyrant flew farther while hunting prey and made more visits to the nest than did the male. The adults (mainly the female) provided a variety of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods to the nestlings. Additionally, parents removed fecal sacs from the nest and nestlings eliminated arthropod remains from the nest, the first records of nest sanitation activities by this species. Nonexclusive hypotheses that may explain the lower level of parental care provided by the male include: higher predation risk due its more conspicuous plumage, commitment of male to territory defense, and its selfish behavior influenced by indirect genotype fitness inherited by the offspring. © The Neotropical Ornithological Society.