999 resultados para Communauté de sécurité


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Os chefes de Estado africanos, após a transformação da Organização da Unidade Africana em União Africana, propuseram a Nova Parceria para o Desenvolvimento da África (NEPAD), como um quadro para uma nova relação de parceria entre a África e a comunidade internacional. Neste sentido de nova parceria, os dirigentes africanos se engajaram em promover nos seus países, na sua região e no Continente, a paz, a segurança, a democracia, a boa governança, o respeito dos direitos humanos e uma saudável gestão econômica, como uma estratégia para orientar o desenvolvimento da África no século XXI. A NEPAD suscitou uma reação positiva na comunidade internacional. A NEPAD repousa sobre fundamentos de desenvolvimento duradouro no Continente, sem os quais tornam-se impossíveis resultados concretos. Entre esses fundamentos podemos citar: a democracia, a boa governança, a governança econômica e a governança das empresas. Para alcançar o objetivo, a NEPAD propõe reformas institucionais como a utilização de meios de avaliação que permitem instaurar definitivamente a boa governança nas estruturas do Estado.

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La pêche est une activité complexe qui fait appel aux sens, à la perception et à l'analyse, aboutissant à un savoir-faire qui est l’ensemble des comportements maîtrisés. Ce savoir s'acquiert par transmission, et par l'expérience que seule la pratique confère. On ne peut donc dissocier dans l'analyse l'apprentissage didactique de l'acquisition empirique. Longtemps les générations de pêcheurs se sont succédées les unes aux autres et rares étaient ceux dont le chemin s'écartait du modèle traditionnel. Depuis quelques années, et en raison de la défection de la jeunesse pour le métier, les aînés n'exercent plus leur activité de formateur. Pour ne pas interrompre la transmission de ce 'capital cognitif' qui permet à un groupe de se perpétuer comme de se transformer, et pour pallier le manque de formateurs, dû à la disparition des anciens, d'autres voies sont empruntées.

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We present here the results of a study of 21 work-related accidents that occurred in a Brazilian manufacturing company. The aim was to assess the safety level of the company to improve its work accident prevention policy. In the last 6 months of 1992 and 1993, all accidents resulting in 15 days' absence from work, reported for social security purposes, were analyzed using the INRS causal tree method (ADC) and a questionnaire completed on site. Potential risk factors for accidents were identified based on the specific factors highlighted by the ADC. More universal trees were also compiled for the safety assessment. Three hundred and thirty specific accident factors were recorded (mean of 15.71 per accident). This is consistent with there being multiple causes of accidents rather than the assertion of Brazilian business safety departments that accidents are due to dangerous or unsafe behavior. Introducing the idea of culpability into accidents prevents the implementation of an appropriate information feedback process, essential for effective prevention. However, the large number of accidents related to material (78%) and environment (70%) indicates that working conditions are poor. This shows that the technical risks, mostly due to unsafe machinery and equipment are not being dealt with. Seventy-five potential accident factors were identified. Of these, 35% were organizational, a high proportion for the company studied. Improvisation occurs at all levels, particularly at the organizational level. This is thus a major determinant for entire series of, if not most, accident situations. The poor condition of equipment also plays a major role in accidents. The effects of poor equipment on safety exacerbate the organizational shortcomings. The company's safety intervention policy should improve the management of human resources (rules designating particular workers for particular workstations; instructions for the safe operation of machines and equipment; training of operators, etc.) and introduce programs to detect risks and to improve the safety of machines and equipment. We also recommend the establishment of a program to follow the results of any preventive measures adopted.

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Inclut la bibliographie

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Sicherheitsfragen spielen im Alltag vieler Juristinnen und Juristen eine zunehmend grosse Rolle. Diese praktische Bedeutung steht im Gegensatz zur lückenhaft betriebenen juristischen Aufarbeitung solcher Fragen im Spannungsfeld von Sicherheitsbedürfnis und rechtsstaatlichen Anforderungen. Mit der Zeitschrift Sicherheit & Recht besteht ein Diskussionsforum, welches wissenschaftlich fundierte Antworten auf konkrete Fragen der Praxis sucht. Die Zeitschrift richtet sich vor allem an Verwaltungsstellen in Bund, Kantonen und Gemeinden, an Gerichte aller Stufen, an Universitäten, an Fachhochschulen sowie an Unternehmen und Anwaltsfirmen, welche im Sicherheitsbereich tätig sind.

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par J. Hanoune. Pref. de M. L. Fridman

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Digitalisiert in Kooperation mit dem YIVO Institute for Jewish Research am Center for Jewish History, NY