Low genetic diversity in a marine nature reserve: re-evaluating diversity criteria in reserve design

Little consideration has been given to the genetic composition of populations associated with marine reserves, as reserve designation is generally to protect specific species, communities or habitats. Nevertheless, it is important to conserve genetic diversity since it provides the raw material for the maintenance of species diversity over longer, evolutionary time-scales and may also confer the basis for adaptation to environmental change. Many current marine reserves are small in size and isolated to some degree (e.g. sea loughs and offshore islands). While such features enable easier management, they may have important implications for the genetic structure of protected populations, the ability of populations to recover from local catastrophes and the potential for marine reserves to act as sources of propagules for surrounding areas. Here, we present a case study demonstrating genetic differentiation, isolation, inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity in populations of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus in Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve (an isolated sea lough in southern Ireland), compared with populations on the local adjacent open coast and populations in England, Wales and France. Our study demonstrates that this sea lough is isolated from open coast populations, and highlights that there may be long-term genetic consequences of selecting reserves on the basis of isolation and ease of protection.

An entropy-based approach to automatic image segmentation of satellite images

An entropy-based image segmentation approach is introduced and applied to color images obtained from Google Earth. Segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image in order to locate different objects and regions of interest. The application to satellite images paves the way to automated monitoring of ecological catastrophes, urban growth, agricultural activity, maritime pollution, climate changing and general surveillance. Regions representing aquatic, rural and urban areas are identified and the accuracy of the proposed segmentation methodology is evaluated. The comparison with gray level images revealed that the color information is fundamental to obtain an accurate segmentation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Att iscensätta apokalypsen : zombiemetaforer i den samtida katastrofberedskapen

Enacting the apocalypse: zombie metaphors in contemporary disaster preparedness Since the turn of the millennium, enactment of possible emergencies and catastrophes has become a most common way of producing knowledge about events yet to occur. Preparedness exercises are frequently performed by public authorities at local and regional levels. Collaborative approaches among relevant actors are enhanced and evaluated through simulated accidents and acts of terror as well as school shootings and epidemic outbreaks. Due to the incalculability of many modern threats, enactment is employed as a method for rendering potential future events available as empirical phenomena. However, sometimes these potential futures are represented in ways that correspond only to imagined and fictional worlds. The aim of this article is to explore the enactment of unreal possibilities in contemporary preparedness exercises. The empirical material employed for this purpose consists of crisis plans and exercise guides used in public and official institutions in the United States as well as qualitative interviews with municipal safety coordinators in Sweden.

BMMobile: uma linha de produtos para dimensionamento de bombeio mecânico em dispositivos móveis

With the increase of processing ability, storage and several kinds of communication existing such as Bluetooth, infrared, wireless networks, etc.., mobile devices are no longer only devices with specific function and have become tools with various functionalities. In the business field, the benefits that these kinds of devices can offer are considerable, because the portability allows tasks that previously could only be performed within the work environment, can be performed anywhere. In the context of oil exploration companies, mobile applications allow quick actions could be taken by petroleum engineers and technicians, using their mobile devices to avoid potential catastrophes like an unexpected stop or break of important equipment. In general, the configuration of equipment for oil extraction is performed on the work environment using computer systems in desktop platforms. After the obtained configuration, an employee goes to equipment to be configured and perform the modifications obtained on the use desktop system. This management process equipment for oil extraction takes long time and does not guarantee the maintenance in time to avoid problems. With the use of mobile devices, management and maintenance of equipment for oil extraction can be performed in a more agile time once it enables the engineer or technician oil can perform this configuration at the time and place where the request comes for example, near in the oil well where the equipment is located. The wide variety of mobile devices creates a big difficulty in developing mobile applications, since for one application can function in several types of devices, the application must be changed for each specific type of device, which makes the development quite costly. This paper defines and implements a software product line for designing sucker-rod pumping systems on mobile devices. This product line of software, called BMMobile, aims to produce products that are capable of performing calculations to determine the possible configurations for the equipment in the design suckerrod pumping, and managing the variabilities of the various products that can be generated. Besides, this work performs two evaluations. The first evaluation will verify the consistency of the products produced by the software product line. The second evaluation will verify the reuse of some products generated by SPL developed

The Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 an overview

Includes bibliography

Séminaire sur la régulation des services d'infrastructure "eau et électricité"

Inclut la bibliographie

Les petites économies d'Amérique Latine et des Caraïbes: croissance, ouverture commerciale et relations inter-régionales

Inclut la bibliographie

Politiques de diversification économique

Inclut la bibliographie

Actes de la Conférence-Débats Haïti, Sécurité Alimentaire 2005

Inclut la bibliographie

As chuvas no Paraná: Variabilidade, teleconexões, e impactos de eventos extremos

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

An assessment of the economic impact of climate change on the coastal and human settlements, tourism and transport sectors in Barbados

This report analyses the coastal and human settlements, tourism and transport sectors in Barbados to assess the potential economic impact of climate change on the sectors. The fundamental aim of this report is to assist with the development of strategies to deal with the potential impact of climate change on Barbados. Some of the key anticipated manifestations of climate change for the Caribbean include elevated air and sea-surface temperatures, sea-level rise, possible changes in extreme events and a reduction in freshwater resources. The economic impact of climate change on the three sectors was estimated for the A2 and B2 IPCC scenarios until 2050 (tourism and transport sectors) and 2100 (coastal and human settlements sector). An exploration of various adaptation strategies was also undertaken for each sector using standard evaluation techniques. The analysis has shown that based upon exposed assets and population, SLR can be classified as having the potential to create potential catastrophe in Barbados. The main contributing factor is the concentration of socioeconomic infrastructure along the coastline in vulnerable areas. The A2 and B2 projections have indicated that the number of catastrophes that can be classified as great is likely to be increased for the country. This is based upon the possible effects of the projected unscheduled impacts to the economy both in terms of loss of life and economic infrastructure. These results arise from the A2 and B2 projections, thereby indicating that growth in numbers and losses are largely due to socioeconomic changes over the projection period and hence the need for increased adaptation strategies. A key adaptation measure recommended is for the government of Barbados to begin reducing the infrastructure deficit by continuously investing in protective infrastructure to decrease the country’s vulnerability to changes in the climate. With regard to the tourism sector, it was found that by combining the impacts due to a reduction in tourist arrivals, coral reef loss and SLR, estimated total economic impact of climate change is US $7,648 million (A2 scenario) and US $5,127 million (B2 scenario). An economic analysis of the benefits and costs of several adaptation options was undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of each one and it was found that four (4) out of nine (9) options had high cost-benefit ratios. It is therefore recommended that the strategies that were most attractive in terms of the cost-benefit ratios be pursued first and these were: (1) enhanced reef monitoring systems to provide early warning alerts of bleaching events; (2) artificial reefs or fish-aggregating devices; (3) development of national adaptation plans (levee, sea wall and boardwalk); (4) revision of policies related to financing carbon neutral tourism; and (5) increasing recommended design wind speeds for new tourism-related structures. The total cost of climate change on international transportation in Barbados aggregated the impacts of changes in temperature and precipitation, new climate policies and SLR. The impact for air transportation ranges from US$10,727 million (B2 scenario) to US$12,279 million (A2 scenario) and for maritime transportation impact estimates range from US$1,992 million (B2 scenario) to US$2,606 million (A2 scenario). For international transportation as a whole, the impact of climate change varies from US$12,719 million under the B2 scenario to US$14,885 million under the A2 scenario. Barbados has the institutions set up to implement adaptive strategies to strengthen the resilience of the existing international transportation system to climate change impacts. Air and sea terminals and facilities can be made more robust, raised, or even relocated as need be, and where critical to safety and mobility, expanded redundant systems may be considered.

O conhecimento científico como base para a resolução de problemas de educação ambiental relacionados à Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego São José do Corrente, município de Cabrália Paulista - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O papel da argila na estabilização térmica de nanocompósitos: um estudo da ordem local e a média distância

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Caminho das águas: proposta para o aproveitamento de um subproduto ictiológico na Reserva Extrativista Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Pará, Brasil

Este estudo visa investigar a possibilidade da ampliação da cadeia produtiva dos recursos pesqueiros em uma Reserva Extrativista, na Amazônia, com foco em melhores perspectivas econômicas à população haliêutica. O eixo central da pesquisa é: até que ponto o extrativismo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento local da Amazônia, impactando no modo de vida de populações tradicionais, associando inovação tecnológica a um instrumento político, calcado nos preceitos da sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, o estudo se fundamentou no neoextrativismo como estratégia para a manutenção dos recursos naturais no universo da RESEX e sua relação com a justiça social, segurança ambiental e viabilidade econômica. O objeto da pesquisa é o aproveitamento de um subproduto ictiológico, hoje tratado como descarte na RESEX MGC, PA. A escolha do objeto de estudo recai sobre a necessidade de maior inserção de populações tradicionais em um contexto econômico pela ótica da sustentabilidade, além da relevância sóciopolítica da reserva extrativista: um instrumento de gestão ainda recente, criado no sentido da proteção das bases culturais e naturais de tais populações. Ainda que o Comércio Justo venha apontando sinais de fortalecimento, não se percebeu ações nessa direção. Deste modo, buscou-se caracterizar a cadeia produtiva a partir da pesca artesanal, investigando a viabilidade social, ambiental e econômica da expansão dessa cadeia e oportunidades para a inserção do ictiocouro. Pretende-se contribuir com a reflexão quanto ao neoextrativismo enquanto estratégia para o desenvolvimento local e consolidação das RESEX.

Etnoecologia da pesca na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho do Anfrísio - Terra do Meio, Amazônia, Brasil

Este artigo apresenta alguns aspectos etnoecológicos da atividade pesqueira na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho do Anfrísio, área protegida (AP) localizada no município de Altamira, Pará. Esta AP foi criada em 2004 através de uma iniciativa conjunta dos ribeirinhos e movimentos sociais da região da Transamazônica e Xingu. Dentre as diversas atividades produtivas desenvolvidas pelos ribeirinhos, a pesca é uma das mais importantes. Através de métodos atinentes ao campo da etnoecologia, foram estudadas as cosmologias e os saberes locais acerca da ictiofauna de importância alimentar e comercial. O estudo apontou que os ribeirinhos demonstram grande conhecimento sobre os ecossistemas e a biodiversidade de peixes, o qual deve ser reconhecido como parte do patrimônio biocultural local. Em termos de estratégias para a conservação dos recursos naturais estes saberes devem ser igualmente valorizados.