A Review of the Dodo and its Ecosystem: Insights from a Vertebrate Concentration Lagerstätte in Mauritius

The dodo Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758, an extinct and flightless, giant pigeon endemic to Mauritius, has fascinated people since its discovery, yet has remained surprisingly poorly known. Until the mid-19th century, almost all that was known about the dodo was based on illustrations and written accounts by 17th century mariners, often of questionable accuracy. Furthermore, only a few fragmentary remains of dodos collected prior to the bird’s extinction exist. Our understanding of the dodo’s anatomy was substantially enhanced by the discovery in 1865 of subfossil bones in a marsh called the Mare aux Songes, situated in southeastern Mauritius. However, no contextual information was recorded during early excavation efforts, and the majority of excavated material comprised larger dodo bones, almost all of which were unassociated. Here we present a modern interdisciplinary analysis of the Mare aux Songes, a 4200-year-old multitaxic vertebrate concentration Lagerst€atte. Our analysis of the deposits at this site provides the first detailed overview of the ecosystem inhabited by the dodo. The interplay of climatic and geological conditions led to the exceptional preservation of the animal and associated plant remains at the Mare aux Songes and provides a window into the past ecosystem of Mauritius. This interdisciplinary research approach provides an ecological framework for the dodo, complementing insights on its anatomy derived from the only associated dodo skeletons known, both of which were collected by Etienne Thirioux and are the primary subject of this memoir.

Uma introdução à geometria projetiva para o ensino fundamental

A Geometria Projetiva é o ramo da matemática que estuda as propriedades geométricas invariantes de uma projeção. Ela surge no século XVII da tentativa de compreender matematicamente as técnicas de desenho em perspectiva empregadas pelos artistas da Renascença. Por outro lado, a Geometria Descritiva também se utiliza de projeções para representar objetos tridimensional em um plano bidimensional. Desta forma, a Geometria Projetiva dialoga com o desenho artístico através das regras de perspectiva, e com o desenho técnico através da Geometria Descritiva. A partir das relações entre estes três campos do conhecimento, elaboramos uma proposta didática para o ensino da Geometria Projetiva a alunos do 9 ∘ ano do ensino fundamental. Este trabalho apresenta esta proposta e busca embasá-la matematicamente, relacionando-a aos principais fundamentos da Geometria Projetiva.

Americanismo e fordismo nos boletins da comissão brasileiro-americana de educação industrial

This text thematizes the performance of the Brazilian-American Commission of Industrial Education (CBAI) since its installation at Rio de Janeiro, on 1947, and extinction in Curitiba, on 1963. The general goal consists in identifying if are there any relation between Gramsci’s Americanism and Fordism elements and the CBAI’s performance, by means of a speech analysis from de Newsletter of CBAI and other documental sources related to the organizations performance. The specifics objectives intend to contextualize the political and economic situation that Brazil was going through before and concomitant to CBAI’s performance, emphasizing some aspects of the Cold War feature that contributed to narrow the relations between United States and other countries of Latin America, especially Brazil. On the following, it intends to present the main aspects of Gramsci’s thought and the Americanism and fordism and Passive Revolution as key categories for a better understanding of the presence of an Americanization project on Brazilian’s professional education. As so, the object of this study are the Newsletters of CBAI. Finally, the speech’s analisys of the Newsletter was the methodology used to demonstrate CBAI as an Americanism diffuser. The documental research and sources served as groundwork, especially the Newsletters, were found at Departamento de Documentação Histórica of Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (DEDHIS) and at Biblioteca de Educação of Universidade de São Paulo (FEUSP). The theoretical foundation has as a workline for the conception of the categories the studies of Gramsci about the of work (and the Newsletters itself), and the speech’s analysis of main concepts from Bakhtin, Voloshinov’s and the Circle of studies about language philosophy. At last, this paperwork concludes that the attempt to disseminate an amerizanization project in Brazil obtneined significant results on the industrialization of the country according to the fordism’s racionalization standarts, nevertheless, this research considers that such a project corroborates the comprehension about the consolidation of a Passive Revolution’s project.

Si hay moreras hay cristianos nuevos: Los Duques de Pastrana y la industria de la seda en la formación de un espacio de conflicto (Pastrana, c. 1569- c. 1609)

Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XVI los moriscos, amparados por el poder ducal, acapararon la producción y comercio de la seda de la villa de Pastrana, así como adquirieron cada vez mayores cotas de poder municipal. En este artículo se analiza la constitución en la villa ducal de Pastrana de un espacio de odio a causa de la competencia social entre cristianos viejos y moriscos. Este odio se tradujo en una caracterización de los moriscos, sobre todo a partir de 1572, como cristianos nuevos sospechosos. Esta experiencia estigmatizadora sería un precedente de lo que ocurriría en las primeras decadas del siglo XVII con los mercaderes portugueses que sustituyeron en el negocio de la seda a los moriscos tras su expulsión. Entonces se contruiría la imagen del portugués critptojudío.

Portugueses al amparo de la nobleza (la inquisición contra los vasallos del Duque de Pastrana acusados de judaísmos durante el siglo XVII)

Este trabajo es el resultado de un detallado estudio acerca del modo como la justicia e institución inquisitorial consiguieron penetrar en los espacios propios de la jurisdicción señorial de Monarquía Hispánica durante el siglo XVII. Para realizar este análisis se ha tomado como objeto de estudio el ducado y la villa de Pastrana, situados en la Alcarria. Los protagonistas de esta compleja problemática estudiada fueron los grupos de portugueses que se asentaron en el territorio de este señorío y en su villa principal a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII, los cuales participaron en su vida social, económica y política de manera muy intensa. Su papel en la dinamización y organización interna de este espacio señorial fue notable. La acusación de judaísmo contra algunos de estos portugueses y el procesamiento inquisitorial al que fueron sometidos nos permite ver algunos aspectos fundamentales de esta interesante cuestión.

The North American Indian in the World War /

Relief shown by hachures.

Between the rose and the shoulders of giants

The following are thoughts on 2 of the most well-known phrases in the English language, recognized as universal academic icons. That of Juliet Capuleto’s in Act II, scene II, “The Balcony”, in the immortal work of William shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet about “A rose by any other name”, and “On the shoulders of giants”, traditionally attributed to Isaac Newton, the discoverer of the Mechanical Universal Laws, including that of Universal Law of Gravitation, in the 17th Century, but in reality first said by the humanistic philosopher and theologist Bernard of Chartres in the 12th Century

La miseria en Bogotá

68 p.

Revisiting the origin and development of pleonastic that in English

The origin of pleonastic that can be traced back to Old English where it could appear in syntactic constructions consisting of a preposition + demonstrative pronoun (i.e. for þy þat, for þæm þe) or a subordinator (i.e. oþ þat). Its diffusion with other subordinators is considered an early Middle English development as a result of the standardization of this item as the general subordinator in the period, which motivated its use as a pleonastic word in combination with all kinds of conjunctions (i.e. now that, gif that, when that, etc.) and prepositions (i.e. before that, save that, in that). Its use considerably increased in late Middle English, declining throughout the 17th century. The list of subordinating elements includes relativizers (i.e. this that), adverbial relatives (i.e. there that) and a number of subordinators (i.e. after, as, because, before, beside, for, if, since, sith, though, until, when, while, etc.). The present paper pursues the following objectives: a) to analyse the use and distribution of pleonastic that in a corpus of early English medical writing (in the period 1375-1700); b) to classify the construction in terms of the two different varieties of medical texts, i.e. treatises and recipes; and c) to assess the decline of the construction with the different conjunctive words. The data used as sources of evidence come from The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing, i.e. Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT for the period 1375-1500) and Early Modern English Medical Texts (EMEMT for the period 1500-1700).

La poesía de Miguel Botelho de Carvalho. Estudio y edición de la "Fábula de Píramo y Tisbe" (1621) y "Rimas varias" (1646)

This doctoral thesis entitled “Miguel Botelho de Calvalho‟s Poetry. Study and edition of Fábula de Píramo y Tisbe (1621) and Rimas Varias (1646)” is born to approach Miguel Botelho de Carvalho‟s (1595-?) life and works. He was a Portuguese poet that lived during the Spanish monarchy reign (1580-1668) and is inexorably referred to in the works of Portuguese poets who wrote in Spanish during the 17th century. The works by this author of which we are certain were written from 1621 to 1646 – namely: an epyllion about the love affairs between Píramo and Tisbe (Fábula de Píramo y Tisbe, Madrid, 1621), a pastoral novel (Prosas y versos del pastor de Clenarda, Madrid 1621), as well as the works printed after his travel to India. This last period includes his narrative poem divided into six cantos, La Filis (1641) and another publication containing two works: a poetic anthology entitled Rimas varias and his approach to drama in Tragicomedia del martir d’Ethiopía (Ruán, 1646). Botelho de Carvalho is constantly being referred to among the critics, above all in general studies about that period. Few of them have delved into the author, nonetheless. The treatment given to writers who are included both in Portuguese and Spanish philosophical streams is still a niche to be explored nowadays and that highly contributes to a deeper knowledge of reality, which is on many occasions not looked at...

Impresos madrileños de 1626 a 1636

In Impresos madrileños de 1626 a 1636 a study on the printing carried on in Madrid is done in the period referred above. This Doctoral thesis is a typobibliography with its methodological introduction, bibliographic repertoire and their indices. The work is divided in three main areas. In the first of them, the introduction, I speak about the current state of preliminar typobibliographic investigation about printing in Madrid, including the rewiew of previous bibliographies by Cristóbal Pérez Pastor, Antonio Sierra Corella, Yolanda Clemente San Román and Justa Moreno Garbayo. This investigation is justified on the existing needing of completing the knowledge about these books printed in the 17th century from 1626. The typobibliographies dealing with the works performed in Madrid are uncompleted and imperfect so that, with this doctoral stablishes that the almost definitive corpus of those books printed in Madrid from 1626 to 1636. The last year of this period is explained because of the enormous amount of printed matter that were produced during the previous years, so completing the study of the decade would have been an impossible task. The abridget objetives of this dissertation are: - To stablish the definitive corpus of the printed matter from 1626 to 1636. - To present an analytical description of this printed matter based on the material bibliography rules. - To find new editions and issue and states variants in the already known editions. - To determine the view of the existing presses in Madrid in that time with a tipographic research about each press...

José de Escovar at the Chapel of the Souls: Technical and Material Study of a 1603 Panel Painting

This article reports the preliminary results of a technical and material study carried out on a 17th century panel painting located at the Chapel of the Souls in the main church of Vila Nova da Baronia (30 km away from Evora city, in southern Portugal). This painting is attributed to Jose the Escovar, a painter that worked for Evora Archiepiscopate between 1583 and 1622. Jose the Escovar is known by his mural paintings all across the Alentejo region. This is the first time that a panel painting made by this artist was studied. Analytical methods used included in situ technical photography (visible (Vis), raking light (RAK), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)), optical microscopy of cross sections, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), micro Raman spectroscopy, and micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (m-FT-IR). The goal was to ascertain the techniques and colored materials used by Escovar on this painting so that the data can be used in future comparisons with others works attributed to this painter based on stylistic aspects.

Morir en el XVII

ResumenEste trabajo analiza las actitudes ante la muerte del grupo de personas que testaron en la ciudad de Cartago en el siglo XVII.AbstractThis work discusses examines attitudes towards death through the wills of individuals in 17th century Cartago.

Perpetual motion; comprising a history of the efforts to attain self-motive mechanism, with a classified, illustrated, collection and explanation of the devices whereby it has been sought and why they failed, and comprising also a revision and re-arrangement of the information afforded by "Search for self-motive power during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries," London, 1861, and "A history of the search for self-motive power from the 13th to the 19th century," London, 1870, by Henry Dircks ...

Mode of access: Internet.