Picos de pressão intra-ocular: comparação entre curva tensional diária, minicurva e medida da pressão intra-ocular às 6 horas

INTRODUÇÃO: A pressão intra-ocular (Po) é o fator de risco isolado mais importante para o desenvolvimento do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA). O controle da Po é o objetivo principal da terapia antiglaucomatosa até o momento. A curva tensional diária (CTD) é de grande importância para o diagnóstico e seguimento do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto. Métodos simplificados como a minicurva têm sido utilizados em seu lugar por serem mais práticos. OBJETIVO: Comparar curva tensional diária, minicurva e medida isolada às 6 horas quanto à detecção de picos pressóricos e verificar a influência da variação postural na medida das 6 horas da manhã. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e quatro pacientes (126 olhos) com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto ou suspeita de glaucoma foram submetidos à curva tensional diária. A minicurva considerou as medidas das 9, 12, 15 e 18 horas da mesma curva tensional diária. A medida das 6 horas foi realizada no escuro, com o paciente deitado, utilizando o tonômetro de Perkins. Logo após, foi feita nova medida, com o paciente sentado, usando o tonômetro de Goldmann. A Po média e a ocorrência de picos (Po > 21 mmHg) da curva tensional diária e minicurva foram comparados, assim como o horário de ocorrência dos picos. RESULTADOS: A Po média foi maior no glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto do que nos suspeitos tanto na minicurva como na curva tensional diária Quando comparadas, a curva tensional diária apresentou médias de Po maiores que a minicurva. A medida das 6 horas foi maior quando feita com o paciente deitado. A minicurva não detectou 60,42% dos picos nos pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e 88,24% dos picos nos suspeitos. CONCLUSÃO: 1. A curva tensional diária detectou mais picos pressóricos do que a minicurva; 2. A média de Po das 6 horas foi maior com o paciente deitado; 3. A Po das 6 horas com o paciente deitado foi maior do que a Po média da curva tensional diária e da minicurva.

Salivary cortisol to assess the hypothalamic-pituItary-adrenal axis in healthy children under 3 years old

Objective: To establish reference concentration intervals for salivary cortisol in healthy children, in the morning and in the afternoon, investigating factors that interfere with the concentration measured and the possibility that circadian rhythms are present.Methods: A controlled observational study was carried out with 91 children aged 45 days to 36 months, selected at random and living in Santo Andre, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Inclusion criteria were: healthy, well-nourished, free from fever and corticoid use, subdivided by age group (five subsets) at 6-month intervals. Saliva was collected during home visits in the morning and afternoon. Cortisol was radioimmunoassayed with cortisol 3-oxime-bovine albumin antiserum.Results: the five subsets exhibited higher cortisol concentration during the morning than in the afternoon (p < 0.001), and this difference passed 30% from 1 year of age onwards. Mean concentrations, in nmol/L, were 557.86 (morning) and 346.36 (afternoon). A negative linear correlation was observed between morning concentrations and hours' sleep and frequency of meals (p < 0,05), and in the afternoon with anthropometric measurements (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Reference values for normal salivary cortisol in healthy children were established. At:45 days it was possible to observe circadian rhythms, which reached maturity at 12 months of life. Sleep and food deprivation increased morning cortisol levels.

Ritmo Circadiano de Triiodotironina (T3) e Tiroxina (T4) Plasmática em Ovelhas Ideal durante o Anestro Estacional

The objective was to determine the plasma levels of the triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4), in six Ideal ewe sheeps during seasonal anoestrus, by radioimmunoassay. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein catheter over a period of 24 hours, at 2-h intervals (12, 14, 16, IX, 20, 22, 24, OZ, 04, 06, OX, and 10 hours). II was used analysis of variance for data adjustments, and the decomposition of the collected periods in non-orthogonal polynomial. It was observed a crescent linear effect of the T-4 plasma levels, presenting lower level of 49.60+/-11.41 and higher level of 76.99+/-10.0 ng/ml, at fourth and last blood samples collection, respectively. T-3 plasma levels showed a significant cubic response during 24 hours, with the highest value of 0.94+/-0.20 ng/ml at the end of the the study. In conclusion, thyroidal hormones levels were lower in the first blood samples collection, increasing progressively during the night, reaching the highest levels at the morning period.

Evaluation testicular fine needle aspiration cytology and serum testosterone levels in dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunocytochemical characterization of the pregeniculate nucleus and distribution of retinal and neuropeptide Y terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Cebus monkey

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adrenergic response patterns in vas deferens isolated from rats under diurnal rhythms - Influence of stress

The aim of this study was to verify, by means of functional methods, whether the circadian rhythm changes adrenergic response patterns in the epididymal half of the vas deferens isolated from control rats as well as from rats submitted to acute stress. The experiments were performed at 9:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., and 3:00 a.m. The results showed a light-dark dependent variation of the adrenergic response pattern on organs isolated from control as well as from stressed rats. In the control group, only the phenylephrine sensitivity was changed throughout the circadian rhythm. Under the stress condition, both norepinephrine and phenylephrine response patterns were changed, mainly during darkness. The maximal contractile response to both alpha- and beta-agonist and alpha(1)-agonist was increased in the dark phase, corresponding to high plasmatic concentrations of endogenous melatonin. The vas deferens isolated from stressed rats during the light phase simultaneously incubated with exogenous melatonin showed the same pattern of response obtained in the dark phase, thus indicating a peripheric action of melatonin on this organ. Therefore, the circadian rhythms are important to the adrenergic response pattern in rat vas deferens from both control and stressed rats. In conclusion, we suggest a melatonin modulation on alpha(1)-postsynaptic adrenergic response in the rat vas deferens. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Foraging Behavior of the Swarm-founding Wasp Polybia (Trichothorax) sericea (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): Daily Resource Collection Activity and Flight Capacity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variação diurna e resposta da cinética do VO2 de ciclistas durante exercício muito intenso

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seasonal changes in daily metabolic patterns of tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae) placed in the cold (17 degrees C) and dark

Oxygen consumption rate was measured continuously in young tegu lizards Tupinambis merianae exposed to 4 d at 25 degrees C followed by 7-10 d at 17 degrees C in constant dark at five different times of the year. Under these conditions, circadian rhythms in the rate of oxygen consumption persisted for anywhere from 1 d to the entire 2 wk in different individuals in all seasons except the winter. We also saw a progressive decline in standard oxygen consumption rate (at highly variable rates in different individuals) to a very low rate that was seasonally independent (ranging from 19.1 +/- 6.2 to 27.7 +/- 0.2 mL kg(-1) h(-1) across seasons). Although this degree of reduction appeared to take longer to invoke when starting from higher metabolic rates, tegu lizards reduced their metabolism to the low rates seen in winter dormancy at all times of the year when given sufficient time in the cold and dark. In the spring and summer, tegus reduced their standard metabolic rate (SMR) by 80%-90% over the experimental run, but only roughly 20%-30% of the total fall was due to the reduction in temperature; 70%-80% of the total fall occurred at constant temperature. By autumn, when the starting SMR on the first night at 25 degrees C was already reduced by 59%-81% (early and late autumn, respectively) from peak summer values, virtually all of the fall (63%-83%) in metabolism was due to the reduction in temperature. This suggests that the temperature-independent reduction of metabolism was already in place by autumn before the tegus had entered winter dormancy.

A Model Coupling Vibrational and Rotational Motion for the DNA Molecule

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The influence of energy changes in breathers

This work studies the dynamical behavior of breathers in a single nonlinear lattice under the influence of energy changes. To create the breather we used the anti-continuous limit and studied its stability through the Floquet theory. Using the information entropy we calculated the effective number of oscillators with significant energy and determined if there is or not the formation of a spatially localized structure.

On the periodic orbits and the integrability of the regularized Hill lunar problem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Synchronization: Stability and duration time

We consider the problem of stability and duration of the synchronization process between self-excited oscillators, both in their regular and chaotic states. Making use of the properties of Hill equation describing the deviation between the slave and the master, we derive the stability conditions and expressions of the synchronization time. A fairly good agreement is obtained between the analytical and numerical results.

Dressed (renormalized) coordinates in a nonlinear system

In previous publications, the concepts of dressed coordinates and dressed states have been introduced in the context of a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to an infinity set of other harmonic oscillators. In this paper, we show how to generalize such dressed coordinates and. states to a nonlinear version of the mentioned system. Also, we clarify some misunderstandings about the concept of dressed coordinates. Indeed, now we: prefer to call them renormalized coordinates to emphasize the analogy with the renormalized fields in quantum field theory.

Renormalized coordinate approach to the thermalization process

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)