Logique d'action et quête de sens : le risque en protection de l'enfance

La présente recherche a comme sujet la gestion des risques au cœur de la prise de décision en protection de l’enfance. Elle a comme objectif une meilleure compréhension de la pratique à partir de la construction des logiques d’action déployées par les professionnels ainsi que la réflexion sur le sens qu’ils accordent à leurs actions. Le projet est porté par une posture constructiviste : les professionnels « construisent » la situation problématique de l’enfant à protéger tout comme ils construisent la solution envisagée. C’est à partir de la combinaison entre la réflexivité (Schön; Racine; Giddens) et la délibération éthique (Bossé, Morin et Dallaire) que des groupes de discussion impliquant des professionnels de professions et de statuts différents ont été réalisés au Centre jeunesse de l’Estrie. Ces groupes s’inscrivent dans une méthodologie qualitative laissant place aux discours des acteurs et sont accompagnés d’entretiens individuels comme stratégie complémentaire de cueillette de données. Les données ont été explorées à partir d’une analyse de contenu sous trois axes (Van der Maren) : une analyse horizontale (dégager les éléments pertinents à partir d’un cadre de délibération éthique), une analyse verticale (dégager les interactions et les inter-influences dans les groupes de discussion) et une analyse transversale (dégager des noyaux de sens et des logiques d’action à travers les discours). Les résultats permettent d’établir des séquences dans la prise de décision des professionnels à partir desquelles se construisent les logiques d’action. Trois logiques sont dégagées de l’analyse de contenu ⎯ collaborative, délibérative, légaliste ⎯ qui sont appuyées sur plusieurs dimensions regroupées à l’intérieur de trois axes d’intérêt : le rapport au mandat de protection, le rapport à la situation et le rapport au risque. Au-delà des logiques elles-mêmes, les résultats portent également à réfléchir des éléments de processus qui influencent la prise de décision. Ces éléments amènent à explorer et à questionner la posture professionnelle et la conviction, le dialogue et la présence d’espace de traduction ainsi que l’apport de la délibération collective. Au final, la recherche permet de réaffirmer la complexité de la pratique de protection de l’enfance mais elle conduit également à plaider en faveur d’une conscientisation de la pratique. Dégager des logiques d’action procure des clés de réflexivité pour les professionnels les menant à conscientiser leur prise de décision et ainsi accéder

Cuenta regresiva hacia los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio 2015 : municipio de La Argentina

La Gobernación del Huila junto con la Universidad del Rosario rezlizaron un convenio para identificar los avances de todo el departamento en cuanto a los ODM entre el 2008 y el 2011, en este caso, del municipio de La Argentina, y así mismo dar algunas recomendaciones y estrategias para que las metas a 2015 de los ODM en el municipio se cumplan.

Recetas para la construcción nacional: la producción culinaria y la identidad en el siglo XIX colombiano

A lo largo del siglo XIX, el proyecto de creación de nación incluyó varios elementos asociados a la cotidianidad y vida diaria de los habitantes de la república en construcción. La cocina como uno de estos elementos puesto en consideración, se construyó desde el imaginario de las élites masculinas, pero con la intervención directa del conocimiento femenino. Aunque la construcción de una identidad culinaria para el siglo XIX, fue un planteamiento femenino, se construyó basándose en el universo femenino de la cocina y sus conocimientos orales.

La venganza como prototipo legal en la Ilíada

Que Homero haya compuesto su poema para "recomendar la virtud y la justicia" , como sugirió Anaxágoras, nos parece hoy una sentencia imprudente y desmedida. Por boca de Sócrates dijo Platón, aparentemente con mejores fundamentos, que la épica trata de la "discrepancia de parecer entre lo justo y lo injusto" y de las "batallas y muertes que tuvieron lugar entre los aqueos y los troyanos precisamente por esta discrepancia". … ¿Cómo considerar la reacción del héroe? ¿Es su venganza, en efecto, excesiva? ¿Bajo qué parámetros debe ser analizada y, si es el caso, juzgada? ¿Hay justicia en la venganza de Aquiles?

Desterrando minas

Desterrando minas es, a su vez, un documental de contexto y un documental de proceso. A partir de la inmersión en los mismos campamentos en los que viven los desminadores se cuenta la historia de Nariño como la vivieron sus pobladores, se muestra la manera en la que el miedo fue el principal configurador de las relaciones entre la comunidad y su territorio y cómo el desminado ha transformado ese miedo

Dialogue journals: A non-threatening way to correct written language errors

The goals of the present study are: to determine if dialogue journals are an effective activity within a balanced literacy program to improve on written language errors in students who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Los indios de Riobamba y la revolución de Quito, 1757-1814 (Debates)

Este estudio analiza las diversas posiciones asumidas por los indígenas frente a la Revolución de Quito de 1809. Siguiendo a dos personajes clave del Corregimiento de Riobamba, un cacique y un indio, busca las causas de la adhesión o del rechazo. Con ese propósito se estudian varias coyunturas que empiezan a mediados del siglo XVIII, desde las peticiones caciquiles y el posterior reacomodo de las autoridades indígenas efectuadas por los reformistas borbónicos, las continuas imposiciones tributarias y el terremoto de 1797, que desembocan en el levantamiento indígena de 1803. El artículo muestra una ruptura radical entre los indios del común y el pensamiento criollo fundador de la nación.

An unusual choanoflagellate protein released by hedgehog autocatalytic processing

Hedgehog proteins are important cell-cell signalling proteins utilized during the development of multicellular animals. Members of the hedgehog gene family have not been detected outside the Metazoa, raising unanswered questions about their evolutionary origin. Here we report a highly unusual hedgehog-related gene from a choanoflagellate, a close unicellular relative of the animals. The deduced C-terminal domain, Hoglet-C, is homologous to the autocatalytic domain of Hedgehog proteins and is predicted to function in autocatalytic cleavage of the precursor peptide. In contrast, the N-terminal Hoglet-N peptide has no similarity to the signalling peptide of Hedgehog (Hh-N). Instead, Hoglet-N is deduced to be a secreted protein with an enormous threonine-rich domain of unprecedented size and purity (over 200 threonine residues) and two polysaccharide-binding domains. Structural modelling reveals that these domains have a novel combination of features found in cellulose-binding domains (CBD) of types IIa and IIb, and are expected to bind cellulose. We propose that the two CBD domains enable Hoglet-N to bind to plant matter, tethering an amorphous nucleophilic anchor, facilitating transient adhesion of the choanoflagellate cell. Since HhC and Hoglet-C are homologous, but Hh-N and Hoglet-N are not, we argue that metazoan hedgehog genes evolved by fusion of two distinct genes.

Optical properties of Saharan dust aerosol and contribution from the coarse mode as measured during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign

New in-situ aircraft measurements of Saharan dust originating from Mali, Mauritania and Algeria taken during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign over a remote part of the Sahara Desert are presented. Size distributions extending to 300 μm are shown, representing measurements extending further into the coarse mode than previously published for airborne Saharan dust. A significant coarse mode was present in the size distribution measurements with effective diameter (deff) from 2.3 to 19.4 μm and coarse mode volume median diameter (dvc) from 5.8 to 45.3 μm. The mean size distribution had a larger relative proportion of coarse mode particles than previous aircraft measurements. The largest particles (with deff >12 μm, or dvc >25 μm) were only encountered within 1 km of the ground. Number concentration, mass loading and extinction coefficient showed inverse relationships to dust age since uplift. Dust particle size showed a weak exponential relationship to dust age. Two cases of freshly uplifted dust showed quite different characteristics of size distribution and number concentration. Single Scattering Albed (SSA) values at 550 nm calculated from the measured size distributions revealed high absorption ranging from 0.70 to 0.97 depending on the refractive index. SSA was found to be strongly related to deff. New instrumentation revealed that direct measurements, behind Rosemount inlets, overestimate SSA by up to 0.11 when deff is greater than 2 μm. This is caused by aircraft inlet inefficiencies and sampling losses. Previous measurements of SSA from aircraft measurements may also have been overestimates for this reason. Radiative transfer calculations indicate that the range of SSAs during Fennec 2011 can lead to underestimates in shortwave atmospheric heating rates by 2.0 to 3.0 times if the coarse mode is neglected. This will have an impact on Saharan atmospheric dynamics and circulation,which should be taken into account by numerical weather prediction and climate models.

Advances in understanding mineral dust and boundary layer processes over the Sahara from Fennec aircraft observations

The Fennec climate program aims to improve understanding of the Saharan climate system through a synergy of observations and modelling. We present a description of the Fennec airborne observations during 2011 and 2012 over the remote Sahara (Mauritania and Mali) and the advances in the understanding of mineral dust and boundary layer processes they have provided. Aircraft instrumentation aboard the UK FAAM BAe146 and French SAFIRE Falcon 20 is described, with specific focus on instrumentation specially developed and relevant to Saharan meteorology and dust. Flight locations, aims and associated meteorology are described. Examples and applications of aircraft measurements from the Fennec flights are presented, highlighting new scientific results delivered using a synergy of different instruments and aircraft. These include: (1) the first airborne measurement of dust particles sized up to 300 microns and associated dust fluxes in the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL), (2) dust uplift from the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet before becoming visible in SEVIRI satellite imagery, (3) vertical profiles of the unique vertical structure of turbulent fluxes in the SABL, (4) in-situ observations of processes in SABL clouds showing dust acting as CCN and IN at −15 °C, (5) dual-aircraft observations of the SABL dynamics, thermodynamics and composition in the Saharan heat low region (SHL), (6) airborne observations of a dust storm associated with a cold-pool (haboob) issued from deep convection over the Atlas, (7) the first airborne chemical composition measurements of dust in the SHL region with differing composition, sources (determined using Lagrangian backward trajectory calculations) and absorption properties between 2011 and 2012, (8) coincident ozone and dust surface area measurements suggest coarser particles provide a route for ozone depletion, (9) discrepancies between airborne coarse mode size distributions and AERONET sunphotometer retrievals under light dust loadings. These results provide insights into boundary layer and dust processes in the SHL region – a region of substantial global climatic importance.

Empresários e educação no Brasil

O texto que se segue foi produzido no contexto da pesquisa Empresários e Educação no Brasil, como parte das atividades do Programa de Promoção da Reforma Educativa na América Latina e Caribe (PREAL), sediado no CPDOC da Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi possível graças ao apoio substantivo da Fundação Ford e à confiança depositada por Nigel Brooke e Elizabeth Leeds à linha de trabalho desenvolvida pelo PREAL no Brasil. O survey foi aplicado pelo IBOPE e os dados foram processados pela equipe do Doxa, IUPERJ, coordenada por Marcus Figueiredo e por José Augusto Rodrigues e Dario Sousa e Silva Filho, do Quantidados, UERJ. A rotina do PREAL envolve extenso e continuado trabalho de secretaria e gerência fina nceiro-administrativa. O CPDOC tem disponibilizado, de forma competente e tranqüilizadora, funcionários qualificados para o desempenho dessas funções. Fica aqui registrado nosso agradecimento à diretora da instituição, Marieta de Moraes Ferreira, e ao gerente administrativo, Felipe Piqueira Rente que coordenam, cada um em sua esfera de atribuição, toda a equipe responsável pelo bom funcionamento do programa no Brasil. Os resultados preliminares desta pesquisa foram apresentados em um seminário realizado na Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, em abril de 2002. Estiveram aqui representadas mais de 40 Fundações empresariais envolvidas com projetos educacionais. A dinâmica das discussões e o interesse despertado no público presente fortaleceram nossa convicção de que este é um tema relevante no Brasil hoje. Queremos acreditar que a pesquisa possa contribuir para consolidar uma área de discussão, favorecer o amadurecimento de um campo de ação e a abertura de um espaço de reflexão ainda incipientes no país. Esta publicação nos pareceu ser um dos caminhos possíveis de fortalecimento dessa pretensão.

Análise de uso e cobertura do solo no município de Parelhas/RN

The human interference in the semiarid region of Seridó Potiguar has promoted the increase of degraded areas. The economic dynamic that was established in the Seridó territory, especially after the fall of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century as pillars of the regional economy, resulted in an accelerated process of erosion of natural resources. The municipalities of the Seridó region have been spatially reordered by this new economic dynamic, marked by the growth of existing enterprises, and the development of new agricultural practices. One of the municipalities in the region that restructured its territorial space with the emergence of new agro-industrial activities was the town of Parelhas. With the demise of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 1980s, other productive activities were intensified from the 1990s, amongst them, pottery, responsible for the vegetal extraction for use as energy source. This recent economic and spatial restructuring in the region, reflected in the Parelhense municipal territory, required new productive ingredients responsible for the modification of past production relations that were based on cattle, cotton and mining. By that a process of exploring the environment was unleashed, especially the native vegetation, in an uncontrolled manner. In this context, the objective of this study was to survey and detect deforestation in the areas of Caatinga vegetation, used indiscriminately as energy supply for new agricultural practices, using remote sensing techniques based on the quantification of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / NDVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index / SAVI, surface temperature and rainfall data in the years 1990 and 2010. The results indicated that SAVI values above 0.2 in 1990 and 2010 represent the areas with the highest density of vegetation that occur exclusively along the major drainages in the town and areas of higher elevations. The areas between the ranges of values from 0.5 to 0.15 SAVI are areas with poor vegetation. On the other hand the highest values of temperature are distributed in the western and southeastern parts of the township, usually in places where the soil is exposed or there is sparse vegetation. The areas of bare soil decreased in extension in 2010 at 11, 6% when related to 1990, this was caused by a higher rainfall intensity in the first half of 2010, but no regeneration of vegetation occurred in some places in the western and southeastern areas of the municipality today, due to the extraction of firewood to fuel the furnaces of industries in town