Análise da estrutura e transporte do zooplâncton no estuário do Rio Caravelas (Bahia-Brasil) através do uso do zooscan

Spatial-temporal dynamics of zooplankton in the Caravelas river estuary (Bahia, Brazil). The survey was conducted in order to describe the zooplankton community of the estuary Caravelas (Bahia, Brazil), to quantify and relate the patterns of horizontal and vertical transport with the type of tide (neap and spring) and tidal phase (flood and ebb). Zooplankton samples were collected with the aid of a suction pump (300L), filtered in plankton nets (300μm) and fixed in saline formalin 4%. Samples were collected at a fixed point (A1), near the mouth of the estuary, with samples taken at neap tides and spring tides during the dry and rainy seasons. Samples were collected for 13 hours, at intervals of 1 hour in 3 depths: surface, middle and bottom. Simultaneous collection of biological, we measured the current velocity, temperature and salinity of the water through CTD. In the laboratory, samples were selected for analysis in estereomicroscope, with 25 groups identified, with Copepoda getting the highest number of species. The 168 samples obtained from temporal samples were subsampled and processed on equipment ZooScan, with the aid of software ZooProcess at the end were generated 458.997 vingnettes. 8 taxa were identified automatically, with 16 classified as a semi-automatic. The group Copepoda, despite the limited taxonomic refinement ZooScan, obtained 2 genera and 1 species identified automatically. Among the seasons dry and wet groups Brachyura (zoea), Chaetognatha, and the Calanoid copepods (others), Temora spp., Oithona spp. and Euterpina acutifrons were those who had higher frequency of occurrence, appearing in more than 70% of the samples. Copepoda group showed the largest percentage of relative abundance in both seasons. There was no seasonal variation of total zooplankton, with an average density of 7826±4219 org.m-3 in the dry season, and 7959±3675 org.m-3 in the rainy season, neither between the types and phases of the tides, but seasonal differences were significant recorded for the main zooplankton groups. Vertical stratification was seen for the major zooplankton groups (Brachyura, Chaetognatha, Calanoida (other), Oithona spp, Temora spp. e Euterpina acutifrons). The scale of this stratification varied with the type (square or tide) and tidal phase (flood or ebb). The instantaneous transport was more influenced by current velocity, with higher values observed in spring tides to the total zooplankton, however, there was a variation of this pattern depending on the zooplankton group. According to the data import and export of total zooplankton, the outflow of organisms of the estuary was higher than the input. The results suggest that the estuary of Caravelas may influence the dynamics of organic matter to the adjacent coast, with possible consequences in National Marine Park of Abrolhos

Controle aplicado a poços com método de elevação e bombeio centrífugo submerso

The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system

Princípios Básicos de Hematologia. Esfregaço sanguíneo

O sangue é um tecido vivo fluído que circula num dos sistemas vasculares do corpo, o qual apresenta uma “bomba” central, o coração – órgão muscular que bombeia o sangue para as circulações pulmonar e geral. Quando o colocamos no interior de um tubo de ensaio o sangue separa-se em duas camadas. A camada superior líquida, designada por plasma, representa cerca de 55% do volume de sangue total e contém uma variedade de substâncias orgânicas e inorgânicas dissolvidas ou suspensas em água. A camada inferior é constituída por células vermelhas do sangue (eritrócitos), glóbulos brancos (leucócitos) e plaquetas (trombócitos) que, coletivamente, constituem os elementos figurados do sangue e representam 45% do volume de sangue total. O esfregaço sanguíneo constitui o método mais usual para observar o sangue e seus constituintes, pesquisar hemoparasitas e determinar a fórmula leucocitária, variável com a espécie, sendo fundamental que o Enfermeiro Veterinário domine as técnicas para a sua execução e reconheça as diferentes células sanguíneas. Neste trabalho será apresentada uma revisão dos órgãos hematopoiéticos (onde se originam os eritrócitos), órgãos linfóides (onde se originam ou diferenciam os leucócitos), bem como das funções do sangue e seus componentes.

DESLAZAMIENTOS EN LA CUENCA DEL RIO BANANO, UNA CONSECUENCIA DEL TERREMOTO DE ABRIL DE 1991

En la región Caribe algunas cuencas se vieron afectadas en su comportamiento hidrológico, como consecuencia del terremoto de abril de 1991.Un ejemplo evidente de lo anterior es la cuenca del rio Banano, que es la fuente principal del agua potable para la provincia de Limón, y que se presenta un comportamiento de rio aluvial acelerado como consecuencia de cerca de 40 millones de m3 de material deslizado. Los deslizamientos  característicos en la cuenca son deslizamientos de roca (rockslide), aunque puede observarse uno de tipo rotacional (rotational slump); además existen flujos de detritos ( debris flow). Este comportamiento acelerado origina inundaciones en poblados como Aguas Zarcas, Quitaría, Beverly; Polonia, Bomba y María Luisa. Con el fin de minimizar las consecuencias de estas inundaciones se establece una zonificación de áreas inundables para la parte baja de la cuenca en tres clases. Además, en la cuenca se registra un aporte significativo de material en suspensión, lo cual podrá alterar la posibilidad del agua. ABSTRACTThe April 1991 earthquake in Costa Rica caused changes in the hydrological characteristics of several watersheds in the Caribbean region of country.Evidence of these changes was observer in the rio Banano, the principal source of potable water for the province de Limon. The behavior of the alluvial river accelerated as a consequence of nearly 40 million cubic meters of material that moved within the watershed as a result of the earthquake. The characteristical landslides were rockslides, althoung rotational slump and debris flow slides were also observed. The accelerated hydrological changes in the river have caused flooding in populated areas such as Aguas Zarcas, Quitará, Beverly, Polonia, Bomba and Maria Luisa. In order to minimize the consequences of the flooding, the lower part of the watershed was classified in three categories according to flooding susceptibility.The river has also shown an increase in suspended material, which could affect the potability of the water.

EL RELLENO SANITARIO EN CORDEL DE MORA: UN ENFOQUE GEOGRÁFICO

La problemática de la disposición final de los desechos sólidos que se generan en la gran Área Metropolitana, se ha constituido en la década de los 90, en una bomba tanto de tipo ambiental como de tipo política que ha representado para el gobierno una situación de emergencia en cuanto a su solución.  Entre las alternativas para la ubicación de un “sitio ideal” para la operación de un relleno sanitario, el Gobierno propuso una finca localizada en Cordel del cantón de Mora.Se conjugan en este documento, un enfoque social y político que involucra diferentes estratos sociales y escalas espaciales que van desde la local a la regional, y un enfoque físico –ambiental que enfatiza  en el análisis de las condiciones específicas del sitio y de las posibles rutas de acceso.  Se concluye que la solución a la problemática debe involucrar la participación más amplia de posible de la ciudadanía y con total transparencia en todos los niveles de decisión tanto técnicos como políticos.  En cuanto a lo físico-ambiental se concluye que el sitio no ofrece las mejores condiciones para una obra de este tipo; a la vez se hace una propuesta de otro sitio, cercano al anterior, que podría tener mejores condiciones.

Potencial biotecnológico de actinomicetos para produção de amilase.

2016

Diversidade funcional da comunidade microbiana de solo de cerrado submetido à adubação com diferentes fontes e doses de organominerais.

2016