Estudio de receptores beta cardíacos en la enfermedad de Chagas experimental

Hasta el momento no hay una explicación definitiva sobre los mecanismos etiopatogénicos de la miocardiopatía chagásica. A partir de las alteraciones farmacológicas y lesiones histopatológicas descriptas en trabajos anteriores y coincidiendo con otros autores, pensamos que el compromiso de la perfusión vascular y las reacciones de autoinmunidad podrían involucrar modificaciones en los receptores beta cardíacos. Hemos realizado un seguimiento evolutivo de estos receptores desde los 35 días a los 135 días post inoculación con tripomastigotes cepa Tulahuen y comprobamos que las alteraciones histológicas y farmacológicas se correlacionan con los cambios de afinidad y densidad de dichos receptores de acuerdo a la etapa en estudio (aguda, indeterminada y crónica). Asimismo se demostró que la cantidad de Trypanosoma cruzi que ingresa al huésped determina y acelera la evolución de la miocardiopatía chagásica. Continuando con la línea de estudio de los receptores beta cardíacos en los distintos estadíos de la enfermedad chagásica experimental, nos proponemos estudiar las características dinámicas de las membranas miocárdicas determinando su composición en fosfolípidos y otros componentes polares. A la vez se plantea estudiar si el tratamiento con beta bloqueante incide en los desórdenes que se producen en los receptores beta cardíacos de animales inoculados con T. cruzi , cepa Tulahuen. Por lo antes mencionado, se intenta lograr un aporte que desde el área básica se podría dar para esclarecer la fisiopatogenia de la miocarditis chagásica y colaborar en el enfoque de nuevas acciones terapéuticas.

Inyecciones intracerebrales de beta amiloide: un posible modelo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

La enfermedad del Alzheimer (EA) específico, como la causa más común de demencia en la población adulta, uno de los problemas médicos más importantes de la actualidad. Aún no existen tratamientos eficaces para esta patología, debido en parte a que su origen desconocido. La hipótesis más aceptada por la mayoría de los estudiosos de la EA, propone que el bamiloide (bA) cumpliría un rol protagónico en la génesis de la patología. El bA específico un péptido de entre 40 y 43 aminoácidos que se origina normalmente durante el procesamiento metabólico de la proteína precursora de bAmiloide (APP) y por tanto puede encontrarse en los fluidos corporales. En la EA el bA se agrega y deposita dando lugar a las placas seniles, heterogéneos depósitos extracelulares que caracterizan la lesión de la EA. Numerosos estudios han demostrado que el bA es neurotóxico y que su toxicidad depende de la formación de agregados fibrilares similares a los que componen las placas seniles. Si bien la toxicidad de bA ha sido intensamente caracterizada in vitro, los estudios in vivo realizados hasta el presente han arrojado resultados contradictorios e incompletos, siendo aún necesario un mejor y más completo análisis del efecto del bA in vivo para poder inferir conclusiones más firmes respecto de su potencial rol en la patología. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el efecto de la depositación del bA in vivo. Se utilizará la técnica de microinyecciones intracerebrales para determinar: 1. El efecto de las diferentes dosis de bA en relación al grado de deposición, permanencia en el tejido y toxicidad. 2. El efecto del tiempo de sobrevida del animal luego de la aplicación del bA, respecto de la evolución del depósito de ßA y la del tejido circundante. 3. El efecto de la agregación del bA respecto de su capacidad para formar agregados estables en el tejido. Con esta serie de experimentos se espera conseguir información relevante sobre la potencial participación del bA en la patogénesis de la EA.

Efectos del deterioro producido por Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae sobre la calidad química del grano de soja

En la actualidad, la soja constituye la fuente más importante de aceite comestible y proteínas vegetales de alta calidad. Por tal motivo, el desarrollo de variedades con una composición química mejorada para satisfacer los requerimientos de la industria alimentaria se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en un objetivo prioritario para numerosos grupos de investigación. Existen tres factores principales que determinan la calidad química del grano de soja: a) los contenidos de proteínas y aceite, b) la composición química de los mismos, y c) el aspecto físico de la semilla. Ambos parámetros (físicos y químicos) son, definitivamente, los factores de mayor incidencia para establecer las pautas de comercialización. (...) Objetivos: 1) Analizar los contenidos de lípidos y proteínas, las composiciones acídicas y de esteroles y diferentes índices de los aceites en seis cultivares de soja sometidos a deterioro patológico inducido por Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae. 2) Evaluar la influencia de diferentes niveles de deterioro fúngico sobre los parámetros mencionados anteriormente. 3) Identificar y proponer el empleo de cultivares resistentes como método de control contra el hongo mencionado. Desafortunadamente, en nuestro país no existe información acerca de la influencia de diferentes niveles de deterioro por patógenos, en particular Diaphorthe phaseolorum var. sojae, sobre la composición química del grano de soja. Resulta entonces de fundamental importancia determinar el nivel aceptable de daño fúngico en granos destinados a consumo humano. En relación a los métodos utilizados para el control de hongos fitopatógenos, el de mayor practicidad y economía es el empleo de cultivares resistentes. Debido a que los mecanismos de resistencia al deterioro son regulados genéticamente, una vez identificados se podrán incorporar a cultivares de alta calidad alimenticia mediante los programas de mejoramiento genético que lleva a cabo el INTA.

Efeitos da administração de beta-bloqueador na remodelação ventricular induzida pelo tabagismo em ratos

FUNDAMENTO: O papel do sistema adrenérgico na remodelação induzida pelo tabagismo é desconhecido. OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência do propranolol na remodelação induzida pela exposição à fumaça de cigarro. MÉTODOS: Ratos foram alocados em três grupos: 1) C, n=10 - animais controle; 2) F, n=10 - animais expostos à fumaça de cigarro; 3) BB, n=10 - animais expostos à fumaça de cigarro e que receberam propranolol (40 mg/kg/dia). Após dois meses, os animais foram submetidos a estudo ecocardiográfico e morfométrico. Utilizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) de uma via (média ± desvio padrão) ou Kruskal-Wallis (mediana e intervalo interquartil). RESULTADOS: O Grupo BB apresentou menor frequência cardíaca que o Grupo F (C = 358 ± 74 btm, F = 374 ± 53 bpm, BB = 297 ± 30; P = 0,02). O Grupo F apresentou maiores diâmetros diastólicos (C = 18,6 ± 3,4 mm/kg, F = 22,8 ± 1,8 mm/kg, BB = 21,7 ± 1,8 mm/kg; P = 0,003) e sistólicos (C = 8,6 ± 2,1 mmkg, F = 11,3 ± 1,3 mm/kg, BB = 9,9 ± 1,2 mm/kg; P = 0,004) do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), ajustado ao peso corporal (PC) e tendência de menor fração de ejeção (C = 0,90 ± 0,03, F = 0,87 ± 0,03, BB =0,90 ± 0,02; P = 0,07) que o Grupo C. O Grupo BB apresentou tendência de menor relação VE/PC que o Grupo F (C = 1,94 (1,87 - 1,97), F = 2,03 (1,9-2,1) mg/g, BB = 1,89 (1,86-1,94); P = 0,09). CONCLUSÃO: A administração de propranolol atenuou algumas variáveis da remodelação ventricular induzida pela exposição à fumaça do cigarro em ratos.

Modulation des kanonischen Wnt/[Beta]-Catenin-Signalweges in der Helicobacter pylori-Infektion

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2010

Mechanismen der A[beta]-induzierten neuronalen Dysfunktion

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2010

Beeinflussung von Lokomotion und kontextueller Furcht durch die Unterbrechung des viszeralen Feedback mittels peripherer [beta]1-adrenerger Rezeptorblockade in C57BL/6JOlaHsd-Mäusen

Magdeburg, Univ., Medizin. Fakultät, Diss., 2007

Alterações morfológicas e citológicas do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L, var. Bourbon (B. Rodr.) Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva decorrentes das deficiências e excessos dos macronutrientes

The present work was carried out in order to study: (1) the symptoms of deficiency and excess of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg) in the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo novo); (2) the modifications induced by those treatments in the hystological make up of the leaves; (3) the effects of deficiency and excess on the growth and in the chemical composition of the plants. Young coffee plants were grown in nutrient solution, three treatments being used, namely: complete solution (HOAGLAND & ARNON, 1950), deficient solution, in which a giVen element was omitted, and solution with 3 times the concentration of the element under study. The main conclusions can be summaryzed as follows. 1. SYMPTOMS. Clear cut symptoms of malnutrition were observed in the treatments: -N, -P, +P, -Ca, -Mg, -S and +S; the signals - and + stared respectively for deficient and excess level. 2. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS. The most definite alterations took place in the treatments +P, -Mg and +S. Usually the characteristics of the chloroplasts were affected: loss of the green color and coalescence into irregular bodies.

Estudos sôbre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro. II: absorção do superfosfato radioativo pelo cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Bourbon Amarelo) em condições de campo

In order to find out the best way to supply phosphorus to coffee plants when growing in "terra roxa misturada", a red soil with a high fixing capacity, tagged superphosphate was applied by the following procedures: (1) topdressed in a circular strip around the trees; (2) placed in the bottom of a circular furrow 15 cm deep; (3) placed in a semicircular furrow also 15 cm deep; (4) sprayed directly to the leaves. In each case 150 gms. of ordinary superphosphate tagged with H3 P32 O4 to give 5 X 10(9) c.p.m. were given to the two and half year old coffee plants. It was found that for the several treatments of the total phosphorus in the leaves the following values, on a per cent basis, came from the applied superphosphates: (1) topdressed 10.2 per cent, (2) circular furrow 2.4 per cent, (3) semicircular furrow 1.7 per cent, (4) sprayed 38.0 per cent; one can see, then, that methods (2) and (3) commonly used by the coffee planters are a very inefficient way to supply phosphorus in this type of soil. The remarkable foliar absorption was checked twice: a water culture experiment was carried out, the radiophosphorus being supplied by brushing it in the upper and lower surfaces of a given leaf; radioactivity was detected all over the plant as a result both of absorption and translocation; on the other hand, leaves collected from the sprayed trees were radioautographed; the radioautographs showed the pattern of distribution of the P32 which indicates true absorption rather than a surface contamination. In another locality, an experiment was caried out with 8 year old plants growing in "arenito de Bauru" which is a sandy soil with much less phosphorus fixing capacity. In this experiment the aim was to compare absorption of tagged superphosphate by trees growin under mulch against plants not receiving this treatment, The uptake of phosphorus was the same for both sets of plants. In both field experiments soil samples down to 15 cm in the profile were collected and its 0.2NHC1 soluble phosphorus was counted; rather significant values were observed mainly in the upper 5 cm layers.

Contribuição ao estudo da aplicação do método da diagnose foliar ao algodoeiro (Grossypium hirsutum L., var. I. A. C. 817) II

This paper deal with one experiment carried out in order to study the correlation between petioles analysis and seed cotton yield. A 3X3X3 factorial with respect to N, P2 0(5) and K2 O was installed in a sandy soil with low potash content and medium amounts of total N and easily extractable P. Two kinds of petioles, newly mature were collected for analysis: those attached to fruit hearing branches, and petioles located on the stem; the first group is conventionally named "productive petioles"; The second one is called "not productive petioles". Petioles' sampling was done when the first blossoms appeared. Yield date showed a marked response to potash, both nitrogen and phosphorus having no effect. Very good correlation was found between petioles potash and yield. Both types of petioles samples were equally good indicators of the potash status of the plants. By mathematical treatment of the date it followes that the highed yield which was possible under experimental conditions, 1.562 kg of seed cotton per hectare would be reacher by using 128 kg of K2O per hectare. With this amount of potash supplied to the plants the following K levels would be expected in the petioles: "productive petioles" "not productive petioles" 1,93 % K 1,85 % K

Influência do desponte sôbre a composição do côlmo e do caldo da cana-de-açucar, I. Var. Co 421

I. This paper deals with an experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of the sugar cane upper end on the composition of the sugar cane harvest as a raw material for the sugar industry. The variety studied was Co 421. The authors intend to study other varieties in the future. The data were collected from plant cane, at intervals of two weeks, always from the same field, from a small central area of 3.000 square meters approximately. Sixty (60) stalks were cut in each occasion, randomly chosen from the whole area. They were afterwards separated into three groups of 20 stalks, one for each of the treatments, namely: a) Complete stalks, with no leaves or sheaths. b) Stalks harvested by the technique of REYNOSO, that is, as usually done in practice. c) Stalks with the tops completely cut out, that is, cut by technique of REYNOSO and then with 3 other top internodes eliminated. The treatments caused significant differences on the following technological characteristics: a) Weight b) Cane pol c) Available sucrose (pol) per cent cane d) Cane juice pol e) Saline coefficient of juice. II. Except for weight, all changes were favorable to treatment c, even if with differences relatively slight, in percentage. IIII. Treatment differences for cane fiber, brix, reducing sugars, juice ashes, coefficient of purity and glucose coefficient were not significant. IV. Time of harvest was an important factor affecting the composition of the cane and of the juice. V. On the average the available sucrose of cane for treatments, with an standard error of 0.13%, was: Treatment c 13.05% Treatment b 12.65% Treatment a 12.53% This shows that there is no sound basis for the heavy fines applied by some sugar mills to planters who do not cut low enough the tops of the cane stalks.

Estudos sobre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro: VI Efeitos das deficiências de micronutrientes em Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo Novo cultivado em solução nutritiva

Young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo Novo) were grown in nutrient solution purified from micronutrients contaminants by the method of MUNNS & JOHNSON (1960). All plants, except those in the control treatment, wer given all macronutrients and all micronutrients except one which was omitted in order to induce its shortage. Symptoms of deficiency were obtained for all known micronutrients but chlorine. Measurements, observations and chemical analysis of leaves allowed the following main conclusions to be drawn. 1. The relative influence of micronutrients in growth-measured by the fresh weight of the entire plant - was as follows: -Fe -Zn -Cu -Mo -Mn complete = -B = -CI. that is: the omission of iron from the nutrient solution caused the severest reduction in growth; lack of B and Cl had no effect. 2. Symptoms of deficiency of B, Fe, Mn, and Zn were found to be in good agreement with those in the literature. Effects of Cu and Mo shortage, however, had not been described so far: In the case of the Cu-deficient plants, the younger leaves were distorted, having an "S" shape, due probably to lack of growth of the veins; they lost their green color and developed rather large, necrotic patches near the margins. When molybdenum was omitted from the nutrient solution yellow spots develop near the margen of subterminal (fully mature) leaves; they became necrotic; there was a characteristic downward curling of the leaf blade along the mid rib so that the opposite edges touched each other underneath. 3. The levels of micronutrients found in normal and deficient leaves are given in Table 4. It is hoped that those values will serve as a basis of judgement of micronutrient contents found in leaves of field grown plants.

Estudos sôbre alimentação mineral do cafeeiro.: VII. Interação entre fósforo e ferro em cafeeiro (Coffe arabica L., var. Caturra KMC) cultivado em solução nutritiva

The present work was carried out in order to study: 1 - The effect of several levels of P and Fe on the chemical composition of young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, KMC); 2 - The influence of P and Fe in the up take of N, K, Ca, and Mg as revealed by the chemical analyses of coffee tissues. Five treatments with two replicates were used, namely: 1 - Control - plants grown in the solution 2 of HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950); 2 - Omission of P; 3 - 310 p. p.m. of P; 4 - Omission of Fe; 5-28 p. p.m. of Fe. The experiment was carried out in the grenhouse, the pH of the different solutions being kept between 5. 0 and 5. 5; aeration was provided to the solutions. The following conclusions wen drawn: 1 - When P was omitted from the nutrient solution, there was an increase in N, K and Fe content of the plant as compared to the levels found in control plants; 2 - Raising the P level in the substrate brought about an apparent luxury consumption of this element as well as an increase in plant Mg; 3 - High P in the nutrient solution on the other hand, decreased Fe up take but increased the K content; 4 - K content was even higher in plants corresponding to the excess Fe treatment; 5 - A very high P content was found in the roots from the excess Fe treatment, this suggesting the formation of ferric phosphate in those organs; 6 - The control plants had less Fe than those corresponding to the minus Fe treatment.

Influência do desponte sôbre a composição do colmo e do caldo da cana-de-açúcar: III. Var. CB 41-76

I. This paper deals with an experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of sugar cane upper end on the composition of the stalks and juice of sugar cane harvest as a raw material for the sugar industry. The variety studied was CB 41-76. The data were collected from plant cane at intervals of a two weeks, always from the same field, from a small central area of 3.000 square meters approximately, 60 stalks were cut in each occasion, randomly chosen from the whole area. They were afterwards separated into three groups of 20 stalks one for each of the treatments, namely: a) Complete stalk, with no leaves or sheaths. b) Stalks harvested by the technique of REYNOSO, that is, as usually done in practice. c) Stalks with the tops completely cut out, that is, cut by the techinique of REYNOSO and then with 3 other top internodes eliminated. The treatments caused significant differences on the weight of cane and coefficient of purity of juice, but the percentual differences between the average treatments a and c is 13% and 2%, respectively. II. Treatment differences for cane pol, cane fibre, brix, juice pol, reducing sugars, juice ashes, glucose coefficient, saline coefficient and available sucrose (pol) per cent were not significant. III. Time of harvest was an important factor affecting the composition of the cane and the juice. This paper shows that there is no sound basis for the heavy fines applied some sugar mills to planters who do not cut low enough the tops of the cane stalks.