Doses reduzidas de fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura de soja

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses reduzidas da mistura formulada de fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, aplicado em condições de pós-emergência, no controle de plantas daninhas e na produtividade de dois cultivares de soja, foi instalado um experimento no município de Jaboticabal-SP, ano agrícola de 2000/01. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os cultivares IAC - Foscarin 31 e MG/BR46-Conquista constituíram as parcelas, e as doses do herbicida fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen (0,4; 0,3; e 0,2 kg i.a. ha-1), juntamente com as testemunhas (com e sem capinas), as subparcelas. Constatou-se maior fitointoxicação do herbicida no cultivar IAC - Foscarin 31, sem, no entanto, afetar a produção de grãos. Foi possível a redução de até 50% na dose do herbicida, para o controle da comunidade infestante estudada, com produções estatisticamente iguais ao manejo por capinas durante todo o ciclo.

Aplicação simultânea de dessecantes e boro no manejo de plantas daninhas e na nutrição mineral das culturas de soja e girassol

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o controle de plantas daninhas em pré-semeadura da soja (Glycine max) e do girassol (Helianthus annuus), por meio de aplicações de herbicidas dessecantes, isolados ou em combinação com boro, bem como a resposta dessas culturas à aplicação desse micronutriente. Nas parcelas de soja, foram aplicados os tratamentos glyphosate (1,44 kg e.a. ha-1), glyphosate potássico (2,48 kg i.a. ha-1), diuron (0,2 kg i.a. ha-1) + paraquat (0,4 kg i.a. ha-1), e paraquat (0,400 kg i.a. ha-1). Nas parcelas de girassol, foram aplicados os tratamentos glyphosate (0,54 kg e.a. ha-1), glyphosate (0,72 kg e.a. ha-1), glyphosate potássico (1,24 kg i.a. ha-1), paraquat (0,4 kg i.a. ha-1), glyphosate (0,72 kg e.a. ha-1) + flumioxazin (0,025 kg i.a. ha-1) e glyphosate (0,72 kg e.a. ha-1) + carfentrazone (0,02 kg i.a. ha-1). Ambos os experimentos continham as testemunhas capinada e sem capina. As subparcelas dos dois experimentos foram constituídas pela ausência ou presença de B, junto à calda de pulverização, na fonte ácido bórico [H3BO3 - 17% B]. A adição de ácido bórico à calda de pulverização não prejudicou o controle das plantas daninhas pelos tratamentos dessecantes, exceto para a mistura formulada de paraquat + diuron. Houve aumento dos teores de boro no solo e nas folhas da cultura da soja e do girassol quando foram associados os tratamentos com herbicidas dessecantes e o ácido bórico. É viável a aplicação de herbicidas dessecantes e ácido bórico, controlando as plantas daninhas em présemeadura e aumentando o teor de B no solo e nas plantas de soja e de girassol.

Eficácia do herbicida diclosulam em associação com a palha de sorgo no controle de Ipomoea grandifolia e Sida rhombifolia

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do diclosulam (doses de 21,8 e 25,2 g i.a. ha-1) associado à palha de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) cultivar AG 1018 no controle de Ipomoea grandifolia e Sida rhombifolia, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes posicionamentos do herbicida, aplicado sobre e sob a palha em diferentes condições de umidade. Após o preenchimento dos vasos com solo, as plantas daninhas (I. grandifolia e S. rhombifolia) foram semeadas superficialmente; em seguida, nos tratamentos com palha de sorgo, os vasos foram cobertos com 6 t ha-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de controle (0 a 100%) aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA) e contagem de plantas e biomassa seca, ao final do estudo. Observaram-se elevados níveis de controle do herbicida diclosulam já para a menor dose utilizada (21,8 g i.a. ha-1) quando este foi aplicado diretamente sobre o solo, na ausência e presença de palha, ou sobre a palha e seguido da ocorrência de chuvas de 30 mm. A maior dose (25,2 g i.a. ha-1) promoveu elevados níveis de eficácia de controle das plantas daninhas nos diferentes posicionamentos do produto, exceto para a aplicação em palha seca e úmida sem ocorrência de chuvas.

[Gurre-Lieder]

Soitinnus: lauluäänet (sopraano, mezzosopraano, tenorit (2), bassobaritoni), sekakuoro, mieskuoro, orkesteri.

Runeberg, Johan Ludvig

J.L. Runeberg Johan Ludvig Runeberg f. 5.2.1804 i Jakobstad d. 6.5.1877 i Borgå Under flera decennier bidrog Johan Ludvig Runebergs diktning till att skapa det unga Finlands fosterländska patos. Runeberg påverkade också starkt den litterära smaken i hemlandet och fick som svenskspråkig författare stor uppskattning även i Sverige. Runeberg framträdde från 1830-talet framåt, både som diktare och som dominerande kulturpersonlighet i sin tids Finland. I sin produktion kombinerar han ofta en yttre realistisk stil och enkelhet med idealiserande skildring av Finland och det finska folket i nationell romantisk anda. Som författare till balladsamlingen Fänrik Ståls sägner (1848 ̶ 1860), om 1808 ̶ 1809 års krig, och den finländska nationalsången ”Vårt land” (1848) befäste han sin status som nationalskald. Runebergs dominerande ställning som litterär förebild och hans idealiserande skildring av t.ex. det finska folkets fattigdom och offervilja gav emellertid också upphov till kritik och litterära ”fadermord” i den senare finländska litteraturen, t.ex. i verk av författarna K.A. Tavaststjerna och Väinö Linna.

Cygnæus, Fredrik

f. 1.4.1807 i Tavastehus 7.2.1881 i Helsingfors Fredrik Cygnæus främjade konst- och kulturlivets utveckling i Finland och företrädde en för sin tid ovanligt modern litteratursyn. Cygnæus framstår redan på 1830-talet som en betydande finländsk, svenskspråkig kulturpersonlighet och förespråkare för den romantiska idealismen och estetiken. Sin förmåga till insiktsfull litteraturanalys utvecklade han exempelvis i sin bok Om Fänrik Ståls sägner. Betraktelser (1861), om nationalskalden J.L. Runebergs fosterländska dikter. Cygnæus egna insatser som poet och dramatiker blev små. Men han hade desto större betydelse som framträdande litteraturkritiker, uppskattad föreläsare och talare samt dominerande gestalt i olika konstnärliga och kulturella projekt och institutioner, liksom i universitetsvärlden där han var verksam som professor i estetik. Biografiskt lexikon för Finland: http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=3175

Franzén, Frans Mikael

Franz Michael Franzén f. 9.2.1772 i Uleåborg d. 14.8.1847 i Säbrå, Härnösand, Sverige Frans Michael Franzén är den första utpräglade förromantikern i den finländska litteraturen och har gått till historien även som begåvad akademiker, biskop och tidningsman.

Gottlund, Carl Axel

f. 24.2.1769 i Strömfors d. 20.4.1875 i Helsingfors Vid mitten av 1800-talet var Carl Axel Gottlund en pionjär inom finskhetsrörelsen, tidningsman, insamlare av den folkliga traditionen och lektor i finska språket. Hans litterära produktion präglades av en romantisk föreställning om finländarnas mytologiska guldålder samt av en tidigare upplysningsanda. I strävan att utveckla det finska språket understödde Gottlund Savolax-dialekterna. Som det mest centrala verket i hans produktion ses dikteposet Otava, som utkom i två delar åren 1828-1832 och fick kritik för att det innehöll Savolax-dialektala drag. Senast då det finska nationaleposet Kalevala utgavs år 1835, fick Otava ändå ge avkall på den position som nationellt betydande verk som Gottlund hade siktat på då han skrev eposet. Biografiskt lexikon för Finland: http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=2817

Hahnsson, Theodolinda

Theodolinda Hahnsson, eg. Sofia Theodolinda Hahnsson, senare Yrjö-Koskinen, f. Limón f. 1.2.1838 i Tyrvis d. 20.4.1919 i Helsingfors Theodolinda Hahnsson var den första kvinnliga författaren som skrev på finska. Hahnsson bidrog med sin produktion framför allt till novellgenrens utveckling. I hennes produktion ingår dikter, noveller, romaner och dramatik. Hennes verk som tillkom under 1860-talet representerar en romantisk, kristligt färgad idealism och bottnar i den fennomanska ideologin. Kvinnans starka roll i familjen och familjens ställning i samhället betonas särskilt starkt i Hahnssons texter. I den sena produktionen syns även starkare realistiska drag. Exempelvis romanen Huutolaiset, två flickors och sockenbarns berättelse, tar upp aktuella samhälleliga problem. http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/kb/artikkeli/2818/

Nervander, Johan Jakob

Johan Jakob Nervander f. 23.2.1805 i Nystad d. 15.3.1848 i Helsingfors Johan Jakob Nervander var finländsk diktare, fysiker och meteorolog, samt en nyckelfigur i Lördagssällskapet. Hans inflytande inom den finländska kultureliten var som störst på 1820-40-talen. Fast den vetenskapliga forskningen krävde största delen av Nervanders uppmärksamhet, drogs han också till diktandet. Nervanders viktigaste verk som poet är Jephtas Bok, En Minnes-Sång i Israel, som belönades med Svenska Akademiens andra pris år 1832 och trycktes åtta år senare. Nervanders lyrik var formmässigt slipad. Till innehåll och stämning varierade dikterna kraftig, från starka känslouttryck och fritt flygande fantasi till melankoli och inbundenhet. http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=3567 http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/kb/artikkeli/3567/

Acute kidney injury in AIDS: frequency, RIFLE classification and outcome

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) in AIDS patients and the value of RIFLE classification for predicting outcome. The study was conducted on AIDS patients admitted to an infectious diseases hospital inBrazil. The patients with AKI were classified according to the RIFLE classification: R (risk), I (injury), F (failure), L (loss), and E (end-stage renal disease). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with AKI. A total of 532 patients with a mean age of 35 ± 8.5 years were included in this study. AKI was observed in 37% of the cases. Patients were classified as "R" (18%), "I" (7.7%) and "F" (11%). Independent risk factors for AKI were thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.5-5.6, P < 0.001) and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR = 3.5, 95%CI = 1.8-6.6, P < 0.001). General mortality was 25.7% and was higher among patients with AKI (40.2 vs17%, P < 0.001). AKI was associated with death and mortality increased according to RIFLE classification - "R" (OR 2.4), "I" (OR 3.0) and "F" (OR 5.1), P < 0.001. AKI is a frequent complication in AIDS patients, which is associated with increased mortality. RIFLE classification is an important indicator of poor outcome for AIDS patients.

CPU0213, a novel endothelin type A and type B receptor antagonist, protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

The efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is controversial, and the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CPU0123, a novel endothelin type A and type B receptor antagonist, on myocardial I/R injury and to explore the mechanisms involved. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were randomized to three groups (6-7 per group): group 1, Sham; group 2, I/R + vehicle. Rats were subjected to in vivo myocardial I/R injury by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1 mL/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to coronary occlusion. Group 3, I/R + CPU0213. Rats were subjected to identical surgical procedures and CPU0213 (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to coronary occlusion. Infarct size, cardiac function and biochemical changes were measured. CPU0213 pretreatment reduced infarct size as a percentage of the ischemic area by 44.5% (I/R + vehicle: 61.3 ± 3.2 vs I/R + CPU0213: 34.0 ± 5.5%, P < 0.05) and improved ejection fraction by 17.2% (I/R + vehicle: 58.4 ± 2.8 vs I/R + CPU0213: 68.5 ± 2.2%, P < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated animals. This protection was associated with inhibition of myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, reduction in Akt (protein kinase B) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation induced by myocardial I/R injury was limited by CPU0213 (P < 0.05). These data suggest that CPU0123, a non-selective antagonist, has protective effects against myocardial I/R injury in rats, which may be related to the Akt/eNOS pathway.

The effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation in the response of mesangial cells to angiotensin II in vitro

INTRODUCTION: Mesangial cells (MC) may be involved in the glomerular alterations induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of immortalized MC (IMC) to 30 minutes of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation periods of 30 minutes (H/R30) or 24 hours (H/R24). METHODS: The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca+2]i) was measured before (baseline) and after adding angiotensin II (AII, 10-5 M) in the presence and absence of glybenclamide (K ATP channel blocker). We estimated the level of intracellular ATP, nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2. RESULTS: ATP concentration decreased after hypoxia and increased after reoxygenation. Hypoxia and H/R induced increases in basal [Ca+2]i. AII induced increases in [Ca+2]i in normoxia (97 ± 9%), hypoxia (72 ± 10%) or HR30 (85 ± 17%) groups, but there was a decrease in the response to AII in group H/R24 since the elevation in [Ca+2]i was significantly lower than in control (61 ± 10%, p < 0.05). Glybenclamide did not modify this response. It was observed a significant increase in NO generation after 24 hours of reoxygenation, but no difference in PGE2 production was observed. Data suggest that H/R injury is characterized by increased basal [Ca+2]i and by an impairment in the response of cells to AII. Results suggest that the relative insensibility to AII may be at least in part mediated by NO but not by prostaglandins or vasodilator K ATP channels. CONCLUSION: H/R caused dysfunction in IMC characterized by increases in basal [Ca+2]i during hypoxia and reduction in the functional response to AII during reoxygenation.

Collagen binding integrins and cancer testis antigens in prostate cancer and melanoma

Camilla Pelo Collagen Binding Integrins and Cancer Testis Antigens in Prostate Cancer and Melanoma Department of Biochemistry, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Finland Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Painosalama Oy, Turku, Finland 2016 ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The incidence of melanoma, in turn, is increasing faster than any other cancer incidences. In Finland, more than 5000 prostate cancer and 1200 new melanoma cases are diagnosed each year. One approach to further understand the cellular processes involved in prostate cancer and melanoma is to gain better knowledge about alterations in gene expression and their potential impact on the progression of the diseases. This thesis is focused on expression studies in two gene families; integrins and cancer testis antigens (CT antigens), in human prostate adenocarcinoma and advanced human melanoma. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which regulate many important cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration and survival. CT antigens are frequently expressed in different types of cancers, but are only expressed in testis in healthy individuals. CT antigens are also highly immunogenic proteins. Due to the properties mentioned above, integrins and CT antigens can function as target molecules for the development of cancer diagnostics and drugs. One of the main purposes of this thesis was to study the expression of the four collagen binding integrins α1β1, α2β1, α10β1, α11β1 and the cancer testis antigen 16 (CT16) in cancer cell lines and human tissues of prostate cancer and metastatic melanoma. Additional aims included studies on the biological role of CT16 and the abundance of CT16 in sera of advanced melanoma patients. The prognostic and diagnostic significance of CT16 and the collagen binding integrins were also evaluated. Expression studies on collagen binding integrins and the CT antigen CT16 in melanoma and prostate cancer were limited and the biological role of CT16 was unknown. In this thesis, the expression levels of α2β1 and α11β1 were found to be significantly altered in prostate cancer tissues. Integrin α2β1 decreased gradually during disease progression while α11 was elevated in prostate carcinoma compared to healthy tissues. In advanced melanoma, enhanced levels of α2 were associated with a significant shorter overall survival in advanced melanoma. In this thesis, CT16 was identified as a frequently expressed melanoma CT antigen with an anti-apoptotic function. To conclude, this thesis presents α2β1 and CT16, as potential and promising biomarkers for advanced melanoma. This thesis reports also the first functional study of CT16. Keywords: Collagen binding integrins, α1β1, α2β1, α10β1, α11β1, Cancer Testis antigens, CT16, melanoma, prostate cancer, expression