956 resultados para Ananas erectifolius L.B.Smith


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Estudou-se a manutenção da qualidade do abacaxi 'Pérola', utilizando-se de refrigeração e atmosfera modificada. Os frutos foram armazenados em ambiente com controle de temperatura a 8ºC e 90%UR, durante 17 dias, quando foram transferidos para condição de ambiente (25ºC, 75-80%UR). Eles foram avaliados na recepção, caracterizando-os, após 5; 9; 13 e 17 dias sob refrigeração, e depois de transferidos para as condições de ambiente, aos 21; 25 e 29 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (6 x 8), tendo-se seis tratamentos (testemunha, duas ceras e três filmes plásticos) e oito épocas de avaliação. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto à coloração, ocorrência de podridões e de escurecimento interno, e a polpa avaliada quanto ao pH e aos teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), ácido ascórbico e açúcares solúveis, totais e redutores. Durante o armazenamento, observaram-se o amarelecimento dos frutos, o aumento no pH, na relação SST/ATT, e nos teores de açúcares solúveis, totais e redutores, que foram maiores após a transferência dos frutos para o ambiente. Os sintomas de injúria por chilling aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. Os tratamentos que modificam a atmosfera (embalagens e ceras) não influenciam significativamente nos principais atributos de qualidade do abacaxi 'Pérola', mas o uso de embalagem com PEBD e PVC atrasou o aparecimento de sintomas de escurecimento interno após a transferência dos frutos para a condição ambiente. Os frutos sem embalagem e os tratados com cera mostraram-se mais sensíveis à injúria por chilling, que se manifestou aos quatro dias após a remoção para o ambiente. A embalagem em PEBD e PVC retardou o aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas, em quatro dias.

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There is a lack of information about fertilization of pineapple grown in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. So a field experiment with pineapple 'Smooth Cayenne' was carried out to study the effects of NPK rates on yield and fruit quality. The trial was located on an Alfisol in the central part of the State of São Paulo (Agudos county). The experimental design was an incomplete NPK factorial, with 32 treatments set up in two blocks. The P was applied only at planting, at the rates of 0; 80; 160 and 320 kg/ha of P2 0(5), as superphosphate. The N and K2O rates were 0; 175; 350, and 700 kg/ha, applied as urea and potassium chloride, respectively, divided in four applications during the growth period. Response functions were adjusted to yield or to fruit characteristics in order to estimate the nutrient rates required to reach maximum values. The results showed quadratic effects of N and K on yield and a maximum of 72 t/ha of fresh fruit was attained with rates of 498 and 394 kg/ha, respectively of N and K2O. In order to reach the maximum fruit size, and to improve the percentage of first class fruit (mass greater than 2.6 kg), were necessary rates of N and K respectively 11 and 43 % higher than those for maximum yield. No effect of P rates was observed on pineapple plant growth, despite the low availability of this nutrient in the soil. The effect of N rates was negative on total soluble solids and total acidity while the opposite occurred with K, which increased also the content of vitamin C. High yield and fruit size were closely related to N and K concentrations in the leaves.

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Avaliou-se o efeito de bactérias diazotróficas na produção de abacaxizeiro cv. Cayenne Champac (Champaka), sob irrigação, em dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada. Os tratamentos constaram dos níveis de N de 180 kg ha-1 ano-1 e 300 kg ha-1 ano-1, nas parcelas e subparcelas de mudas micropropagadas inoculadas com bactéria relacionada a Burkholderia cepacia AB213, de bactéria Asaia bogorensis AB219 e controles sem inoculação bacteriana, utilizando-se de três repetições. A inoculação bacteriana foi realizada no laboratório (10(8) células planta-1) e a aclimatação das mudas, em casa de vegetação. Após 5 meses, as mudas foram transplantadas no campo, utilizando-se de 0,9 m entre as linhas e 0,3 m entre as plantas. A cultivar apresentou bom desempenho sob irrigação no solo arenoso de Pacajus, Estado do Ceará, quando adubado com o maior nível de N. Para cada quilograma do elemento fornecido, houve incremento de 124,3 kg ha-1 na massa fresca dos frutos com coroa, entre os níveis da adubação nitrogenada. Na dose maior de N, plantas inoculadas do AB219 produziram frutos maiores e massas frescas 19,4% e 17,3% superiores aos controles, respectivamente, para frutos sem e com coroa. O efeito do AB213 na produção foi menor (9,9%) no nível mais baixo de N. A evidência do efeito de bactérias diazotróficas na cultivar Cayenne Champac foi demonstrada.

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Realizou-se estudo sobre a influência da atmosfera modificada com diferentes concentrações de gases durante o armazenamento de abacaxi cv. Smooth cayennne minimamente processado, por oito dias, à temperatura de 5ºC e 85% de UR. Foram realizadas análises de açúcares neutros, celulose, hemicelulose e poliuronídeos totais na parede celular. O abacaxi minimamente processado foi acondicionado sob duas Atmosferas Modificadas Ativas, uma com 5% de O2 e 5% de CO2 (AM1),outra com 2% de O2 e 10% de CO2 (AM2),e uma Atmosfera Modificada Passiva (Controle) durante 8 dias de armazenamento. O uso de atmosferas modificadas ativas permitiu que o abacaxi minimamente processado sofresse menor degradação da parede celular com menor solubilização das hemiceluloses. Abacaxis minimamente processados e armazenados sob atmosfera modificada obtiveram uma vida de prateleira média de 6 dias, a 5º C.

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Mudas do abacaxizeiro (Ananas comosus L.), cultivar Smooth Cayenne, obtidas por seccionamento de caule, foram submetidas à adubação foliar com soluções em diferentes concentrações de uréia, KCl e H3BO3. O delineamento utilizado foi fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/5)5³, com três tipos de adubo e cinco concentrações, num total de 25 tratamentos, que consistiram de combinações de concentrações de 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 g L-1 de uréia e KCl, e 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g L-1 de H3BO3. Os tratamentos foram iniciados nove semanas após o plantio das seções do caule, com 26 pulverizações semanais para a uréia e KCl e 4 pulverizações mensais para o H3BO3. Verificou-se crescimento linear positivo para as características: altura das brotações, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca e fresca das mudas, em resposta a níveis crescentes de uréia. Não foi observado efeito do KCl e H3BO3 para nenhuma das características de crescimento avaliadas. As mudas adubadas com 10 g L-1 de uréia atingiram altura de 40 cm e massa fresca de 242 g no 9º mês após o plantio das seções.

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BACKGROUND: Survival outcomes for patients with glioblastoma remain poor, particularly for patients with unmethylated O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter. This phase II, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial investigated the efficacy and safety of 2 dose regimens of the selective integrin inhibitor cilengitide combined with standard chemoradiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and an unmethylated MGMT promoter. METHODS: Overall, 265 patients were randomized (1:1:1) to standard cilengitide (2000 mg 2×/wk; n = 88), intensive cilengitide (2000 mg 5×/wk during wk 1-6, thereafter 2×/wk; n = 88), or a control arm (chemoradiotherapy alone; n = 89). Cilengitide was administered intravenously in combination with daily temozolomide (TMZ) and concomitant radiotherapy (RT; wk 1-6), followed by TMZ maintenance therapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). The primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety and tolerability. RESULTS: Median overall survival was 16.3 months in the standard cilengitide arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.686; 95% CI: 0.484, 0.972; P = .032) and 14.5 months in the intensive cilengitide arm (HR, 0.858; 95% CI: 0.612, 1.204; P = .3771) versus 13.4 months in the control arm. Median progression-free survival assessed per independent review committee was 5.6 months (HR, 0.822; 95% CI: 0.595, 1.134) and 5.9 months (HR, 0.794; 95% CI: 0.575, 1.096) in the standard and intensive cilengitide arms, respectively, versus 4.1 months in the control arm. Cilengitide was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Standard and intensive cilengitide dose regimens were well tolerated in combination with TMZ/RT→TMZ. Inconsistent overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes and a limited sample size did not allow firm conclusions regarding clinical efficacy in this exploratory phase II study.

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Vários fatores influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos do abacaxizeiro e do maracujazeiro, dentre os quais se destacam: o clima, o solo e as práticas de adubação e de irrigação. A nutrição mineral é essencial para elevar a produtividade e melhorar a qualidade dos frutos; no entanto, há poucas informações sobre o efeito da adubação nestas duas frutíferas, especialmente sob condições tropicais. O objetivo desta revisão foi compilar e apresentar os principais resultados de pesquisas, nas quais foi avaliada a influência da nutrição mineral sobre a qualidade destas duas frutíferas. Consideraram-se as informações publicadas recentemente em revistas científicas, sendo as mesmas apresentadas para os macronutrientes de forma individual, em seguida para N-P-K e, por último, para os micronutrientes. A revisão da literatura mostrou que é difícil afirmar que algum elemento favorece ou não determinada característica dos frutos do abacaxizeiro e do maracujazeiro, já que os resultados são variáveis ou existe pouca informação. Em função disso, mais do que deixar estabelecidos os efeitos dos elementos minerais sobre a qualidade dos frutos, o que chama a atenção é a necessidade de pesquisar sobre este tema.

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RESUMO Na pós-colheita do abacaxizeiro, a podridão-negra é considerada como um dos principais problemas na comercialização dos frutos. A doença é causada pelo fungoChalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc.. Apesar da importância deste patógeno para a cultura, são poucas as informações relacionadas ao estudo do mesmo, com base em características fisiológicas in vitro. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de C. paradoxa, em diferentes condições de cultivo. A partir de placas contendo colônias puras do isolado de C. paradoxa, foram retirados individualmente discos para inoculação em diferentes meios. A incubação das placas foi feita em três diferentes regimes de luminosidade e em três diferentes temperaturas. Para o crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação, as melhores condições de cultivo in vitro de C. paradoxa foram os meios aveia (OA) e batata (PDA) em alternância luminosa a 25°C, os meios batata (PDA) e abacaxi (PJA) no escuro contínuo, na mesma temperatura.

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BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth have been reported to vary by sex, age, weight status and country. However, supporting data are often self-reported and/or do not encompass a wide range of ages or geographical locations. This study aimed to describe objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time patterns in youth. METHODS: The International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) consists of ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries, processed using common data reduction procedures. Analyses were conducted on 27,637 participants (2.8-18.4 years) who provided at least three days of valid accelerometer data. Linear regression was used to examine associations between age, sex, weight status, country and physical activity outcomes. RESULTS: Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages. After 5 years of age there was an average cross-sectional decrease of 4.2 % in total physical activity with each additional year of age, due mainly to lower levels of light-intensity physical activity and greater time spent sedentary. Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children, but from age seven onwards, overweight/obese participants were less active than their normal weight counterparts. Physical activity varied between samples from different countries, with a 15-20 % difference between the highest and lowest countries at age 9-10 and a 26-28 % difference at age 12-13. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity differed between samples from different countries, but the associations between demographic characteristics and physical activity were consistently observed. Further research is needed to explore environmental and sociocultural explanations for these differences.

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One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Wellcome Trust.

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OBJECTIVES: Different accelerometer cutpoints used by different researchers often yields vastly different estimates of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). This is recognized as cutpoint non-equivalence (CNE), which reduces the ability to accurately compare youth MVPA across studies. The objective of this research is to develop a cutpoint conversion system that standardizes minutes of MVPA for six different sets of published cutpoints. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis. METHODS: Data from the International Children's Accelerometer Database (ICAD; Spring 2014) consisting of 43,112 Actigraph accelerometer data files from 21 worldwide studies (children 3-18 years, 61.5% female) were used to develop prediction equations for six sets of published cutpoints. Linear and non-linear modeling, using a leave one out cross-validation technique, was employed to develop equations to convert MVPA from one set of cutpoints into another. Bland Altman plots illustrate the agreement between actual MVPA and predicted MVPA values. RESULTS: Across the total sample, mean MVPA ranged from 29.7MVPAmind(-1) (Puyau) to 126.1MVPAmind(-1) (Freedson 3 METs). Across conversion equations, median absolute percent error was 12.6% (range: 1.3 to 30.1) and the proportion of variance explained ranged from 66.7% to 99.8%. Mean difference for the best performing prediction equation (VC from EV) was -0.110mind(-1) (limits of agreement (LOA), -2.623 to 2.402). The mean difference for the worst performing prediction equation (FR3 from PY) was 34.76mind(-1) (LOA, -60.392 to 129.910). CONCLUSIONS: For six different sets of published cutpoints, the use of this equating system can assist individuals attempting to synthesize the growing body of literature on Actigraph, accelerometry-derived MVPA.

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Bioactivity-guided fractionation from hexane extract of Himatanthus sucuuba barks utilizing Cladosporium sphaerospermum led to the isolation of iridoids plumericin and isoplumericin, which showed higher inhibition against C. sphaerospermum than the antibiotic nistatin. Besides bioactive iridoids were isolated the inactive triterpenes lupeol cinnamate, alpha-amyrin cinnamate and lupeol acetate.

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The alizarin red S (ARS) has been used as a spectrophotometric reagent of several metals for a long time. Now this alizarin has been used as modifier agent of electrodes, for voltammetric analyses. In this work cyclic voltammetry experiments was accomplished on closed circuit, with the objective of studying the voltammetric behavior of alizarin red S adsorbed and of its copper complex, on the surface of the pyrolytic graphite electrode. These studies showed that ARS strongly adsorbs on the surface of this electrode. This adsorption was used to immobilize ions copper(II) from the solution.