Report on the electrophoretic and morphometric studies conducted at the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission from 1969 to 1978

Knowledge of the population structure of an exploited stock is necessary for the effective management of a fishery. For this reason the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) has sponsored numerous genetic, morphometric, and migration studies of yellowfin, Thunnus albacares, and skipjack, Katswonus pelamis, in a concerted effort to determine the structure of these stocks in the eastern Pacific Ocean. (PDF contains 171 pages.)

Applying Habermas's critical theory to public administration and policy: A case study of Florida Everglades restoration program

The foundation of Habermas's argument, a leading critical theorist, lies in the unequal distribution of wealth across society. He states that in an advanced capitalist society, the possibility of a crisis has shifted from the economic and political spheres to the legitimation system. Legitimation crises increase the more government intervenes into the economy (market) and the "simultaneous political enfranchisement of almost the entire adult population" (Holub, 1991, p. 88). The reason for this increase is because policymakers in advanced capitalist democracies are caught between conflicting imperatives: they are expected to serve the interests of their nation as a whole, but they must prop up an economic system that benefits the wealthy at the expense of most workers and the environment. Habermas argues that the driving force in history is an expectation, built into the nature of language, that norms, laws, and institutions will serve the interests of the entire population and not just those of a special group. In his view, policy makers in capitalist societies are having to fend off this expectation by simultaneously correcting some of the inequities of the market, denying that they have control over people's economic circumstances, and defending the market as an equitable allocator of income. (deHaven-Smith, 1988, p. 14). Critical theory suggests that this contradiction will be reflected in Everglades policy by communicative narratives that suppress and conceal tensions between environmental and economic priorities. Habermas’ Legitimation Crisis states that political actors use various symbols, ideologies, narratives, and language to engage the public and avoid a legitimation crisis. These influences not only manipulate the general population into desiring what has been manufactured for them, but also leave them feeling unfulfilled and alienated. Also known as false reconciliation, the public's view of society as rational, and "conductive to human freedom and happiness" is altered to become deeply irrational and an obstacle to the desired freedom and happiness (Finlayson, 2005, p. 5). These obstacles and irrationalities give rise to potential crises in the society. Government's increasing involvement in Everglades under advanced capitalism leads to Habermas's four crises: economic/environmental, rationality, legitimation, and motivation. These crises are occurring simultaneously, work in conjunction with each other, and arise when a principle of organization is challenged by increased production needs (deHaven-Smith, 1988). Habermas states that governments use narratives in an attempt to rationalize, legitimize, obscure, and conceal its actions under advanced capitalism. Although there have been many narratives told throughout the history of the Everglades (such as the Everglades was a wilderness that was valued as a wasteland in its natural state), the most recent narrative, “Everglades Restoration”, is the focus of this paper.(PDF contains 4 pages)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the years 1950 and 1951

ENGLISH: The Convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica for the establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was signed May 31, 1949. Ratifications were exchanged on March 3, 1950, after arrival at understandings respecting the interpretation of certain provisions. The text of the Convention is appended to this report. Also appended are the enabling legislation passed by the United States Congress, giving effect to the Convention, and the Decree ratifying the Convention adopted by the Republic of Costa Rica. The most important provisions of the Convention may be summarized here, as the basis for the policy and actions of the Commission. SPANISH: La Convención entre los Estados Unidos de América y la República de Costa Rica para el establecimiento de la, Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical fué suscrita el 31 de Mayo de 1949. El cambio de ratificaciones, después de haber llegado a un entendimiento respecto de la interpretación de ciertas cláusulas, se efectuó el 3 de Marzo de 1950. El texto de la Convención se agrega a este informe. También se agrega la legislación correspondiente, emitida por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos para dar efectividad a la Convención, y el Decreto de Ratificación del Convenio promulgado por la República de Costa Rica. Los aspectos más importantes de la Convención se sintetizan aquí por constituir las bases que regulan la política y los actos de la Comisión, creada en virtud de aquélla. (PDF contains 58 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1952

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, established by a Convention between the United States and Costa Rica, has as its purpose the collection and interpretation of information which will facilitate maintaining, at levels of maximum sustained yield, the populations of tropical tunas in the Eastern Pacific and of the bait species used in their capture. To this end, the Commission is directed by the Convention to undertake investigations of the tunas and bait species, and to make recommendations for joint action by the member governments designed to attain the objectives of the Convention. The year 1952 is the second since the initiation of the investigations of the Commission. The Commission was organized in 1950. Its program of investigations ~as outlined and work commenced during 1951. The work during 1952 has been a continuation and logical development of the research commenced the previous year. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical, establecida por una Convención entra Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América, tiene como deberes recolectar e interpretar la información que facilite el mantenimiento, a niveles de una contínua producción máxima, de las poblaciones de las especies tropicales de atún en el Pacífico Oriental y de los peces de carnada que se emplean para su pesca. Con este propósito la Comisión se encarga, en conformidad con los términos de la antes expresada Convención de efectuar investigaciones sobre los atunes y mencionadas especies de carnada, y de hacer recomendaciones a los Gobiernos Miembros a fin de que pueden tomar una acción conjunta que les permita obtener los resultados que el citado Convenio persigue. El año 1952 es el segundo desde la iniciación de las investigaciones de la Comisión. Esta fué organizada en 1950. Durante 1951 se preparó el programa de estudios y se comenzaron los trabajos. La tarea realizada en el año 1952 ha sido una continuación y lógico desarrollo de las investigaciones empezadas en el año anterior. (PDF contains 61 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1953

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was established in 1950 by a Convention between Costa Rica and the United States. The Convention provides for the subsequent adherence of other nations interested in the tuna fishery of the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. Panama adhered to the Convention in September 1953. The Commission has the duties of collecting and interpreting all necessary factual information respecting the tunas and tuna-bait fishes in order to facilitate maintaining the populations thereof at levels permitting maximum sustained yields, and of making recommendations to the member governments for joint action toward this objective. The Commission commenced its investigations in 1951. The year 1953 is the third year of scientific study. During the year investigations along several lines were continued and further developed. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericano del Atún Tropical fué establecida en 1950 en virtud de una Convención entre Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos. La Convención abre la puerta para que otras naciones interesadas en las pesquerías de atún en aguas tropicales del Pacífico Oriental, puedan adherirse posteriormente. Panamá se adhirió al Tratado en Septiembre de 1953. La Comisión tiene como deberes recolectar e interpretar todos los informes necesarios respecto de las especies de atún y de los peces de carnada que sirven para pescarlas¡ a fin de facilitar el mantenimiento de las respectivas poblaciones a niveles que permitan un rendimiento máximo permanente; y hacer recomendaciones a los gobiernos miembros para que actúen conjuntamente en pro de los indicados objetivos. Nuestro organismo comenzó sus investigaciones en 1951. El año 1953 es el tercero de estudios científicos. Durante dicho año se continuaron investigaciones en diversas líneas y se prosiguió su desarrollo. (PDF contains 87 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1954

ENGLISH: The Governments of Costa Rica and the United States, being mutually interested in the conservation of the tropical tunas and of the bait-fishes required for capturing them, entered into a Convention in 1950 establishing the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. The Convention provides that other governments having an interest in the tuna and tuna-bait resources may adhere to the Convention by a simple exchange of correspondence with the existing members. The Government of Panama adhered to the Convention in the fall of 1953. SPANISH: Los Gobiernos de Costa Rica y de los Estados Unidos, mutuamente interesados en la conservación de las especies tropicales de atún, así como en la de los peces que sirven de carnada para su pesca, suscribieron en 1950 una Convención por la que se estableció la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical. La Convención permite que otros gobiernos interesados en los recursos del atún y los peces-carnada puedan adherirse a la misma mediante un simple intercambio de correspondencia con los Gobiernos Miembros. El Gobierno de Panamá se adhirió a la Convención en el otoño de 1953. (PDF contains 100 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1955

ENGLISH: This is the fifth year of investigations, by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, of the fisheries for tunas and tuna-bait fishes in the Eastern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the shores of the Americas. These investigations are being conducted by an international scientific staff, under the provisions of a Convention to which Costa Rica, Panama, and the United States are signatories. Other nations having an interest in these fisheries may adhere through exchange of correspondence with the present member governments. SPANISH: Este es el quinto año de investigaciones efectuadas por la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical sobre las pesquerías de atún y de peces de carnada usados para la captura de éste, en la zona del Pacífico Oriental adyacente a las costas de las Américas. Estas investigaciones están a cargo de un grupo internacional de científicos, de acuerdo 'con la Convención de la que son signatarias Costa Rica, Panamá y los Estados Unidos. Cualquier nación que tenga interés en estas pesquerías, puede adherirse a la Convención mediante un cambio de correspondencia con los Gobiernos Miembros. (PDF contains 95 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1956

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission has completed its sixth full year of investigation of the fisheries for the tunas and tuna-bait fishes in the Eastern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the shores of the Americas, under a Convention to which Costa Rica, Panama, and the United States of America are signatories. Under the provisions of the Convention other nations having an interest in these fisheries may adhere, and participate on an equal basis, by exchange of correspondence with the present members. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical ha completado su sexto año en la investigación de las pesquerías de atún y de los peces de carnada para capturarlo, las cuales se desarrollan en el Océano Pacífico Oriental adyacente a las costas de las Américas. Esta investigación se efectúa de acuerdo con una Convención en la que son signatarios Costa Rica, Panamá y los Estados Unidos de América. Una de las cláusulas de la Convención abre las puertas a otras naciones que tengan interés en dichas pesquerías para que puedan adherirse a élla, y participar sobre una base de igualdad. Para la adhesión de un país basta un intercambio de correspondencia con los actuales Gobiernos Miembros. (PDF contains 112 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1957

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was established under authority of a Convention between the Governments of Costa Rica and the United States, which entered into force in 1950_ The Convention provides for the adherence of other governments having an interest in the tuna and tuna-bait resources of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, by exchange of correspondence with existing members. Panama adhered to the Convention in 1953. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical fué establecida en virtud de una Convención entre los Gobiernos de Costa Rica y de los Estados Unidos, cuya vigencia comenzó en 1950. Dicha Convención permite la entrada de otros gobiernos que tengan interés en los recursos de atún y de peces de carnada para su pesca en el Océano Pacífico Oriental Tropical, mediante el intercambio de correspondencia con los países firmantes. Panamá se adhirió a la Convención en 1953. (PDF contains 134 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1958

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was established by a Convention, between the Governments of Costa Rica and the United States, which entered into force in 1950. Under a provision of the Convention inviting the adherence of other nations having an interest in the tuna and tuna-bait resources of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Panama also adhered in 1953. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical fué establecida por una Convención entre los Gobiernos de Costa Rica y de los Estados Unidos, la cual entró en vigencia en 1950. Panamá se adhirió a la Convención en 1953, de conformidad con una cláusula que deja la puerta abierta a los otros paises interesados en los recursos atuneros y de carnada para el atún del Océano Pacifico Oriental Tropical. (PDF contains 121 pages.)