Efecto de cinco distancias y tres épocas de siembra sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del caupí rojo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers), Ciudad Darío, Matagalpa

Para evaluar el comportamiento del cultivo del caupí rojo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers.), se estableció el ensayo en tres lotes cercanos ubicados en la comunidad Dulce Nombre de Jesús, municipio de Ciudad Darío, departamento de Matagalpa. El diseño utilizado fue un Bloques Completos al Azar repetidos en el tiempo, en donde se conformaron los siguientes factores: época de siembra (Primera, Postrera y de Riego) y distancia de siembra en te hileras (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 y 1.2 metros), para la conformación de 15 tratamientos. Se utilizaron análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) sobre variables de crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento, y agrupación mediante LSD (α=0.05). Además, se conformaron análisis de correlación, componentes principales (ACP) y agrupamientos (AA). En base a los resultados, se concluye que las variables presentaron efecto significativo sobre los efectos principales. Se encontraron correlaciones fenotípicas significativas de variables de interés con la longitud de hojuela; y entre variables de vaina y semillas con el rendimiento. Ciertas variables de crecimiento, y de rendimiento discriminaron los tratamientos conformados. Los mejores rendimientos promedios se obtuvieron en época de Riego (1,987.5 kg ha1) y Primera (1,839.7 kg ha-1) con distancias de siembra de 0.6 y 0.4 metros entre hileras. Los mejores tratamientos (interacciones) se alcanzaron en Riego con 0.4 y 0.6 m entre hileras, con rendimientos promedios de 1,968.97 y 2,035.69 kg ha-1, respectivamente. La asociación a través de análisis cluster agrupó las tres épocas de siembra, y relacionó las densidades de siembra evaluadas. El núcleo conformado en Primera se diferenció del grupo formados por los tratamientos de Riego y Postrera.

Study of lateral mode SOI-MEMS resonators for reduced anchor loss

MEMS resonators fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology must be clamped to the substrate via anchoring stems connected either from within the resonator or through the sides, with the side-clamped solution often employed due to manufacturing constraints. This paper examines the effect of two types of commonly used side-clamped, anchoring-stem geometries on the quality factor of three different laterally-driven resonator topologies. This study employs an analytical framework which considers the relative distribution of strain energies between the resonating body and clamping stems. The ratios of the strain energies are computed using ANSYS FEA and used to provide an indicator of the expected anchor-limited quality factors. Three MEMS resonator topologies have been fabricated and characterized in moderate vacuum. The associated measured quality factors are compared against the computed strain energy ratios, and the trends are shown to agree well with the experimental data. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Colecta y establecimiento de banco de germoplasma en coleccion viva e In vitro del genero Xanthosoma en Nicaragua

Con el objetivo de conservar in vitro y en colección viva la variabilidad del género Xanthosoma se realizaron colectas en 27 sitios de tres regiones de Nicaragua entre julio y 2006 Oc tubre 2007. El banco de germoplasma in vitro se estableció mediante el cultivo de meristemos y colección viva utilizando la técnica de reproducción acelerada de semilla. Se elaboró un herbario de las accesiones. Catorce descriptores de colecta se utilizaro n para el análisis de agrupamiento (AA) preliminar del parentesco y dispersión entre las accesiones. Se colectaron 63 accesiones de 6 especies, 18 X. violaceum , 8 X. sagittifolium (ambas comestibles), 1 X. robustum , 6 X . wendlandii , 6 X. mexicanum , 2 X. at rovirens monstrosum (ornamental) y 22 X . spp (sin identificar). 74.6 % provienen de la Región Central, 19.0 % del Pacifico y 6.3 % del Caribe, la menos explorada. 76.2 % de las accesiones tienen hoja lisa sagitada, 1.6 % entera ondulada, 9.5% pubescente sa gitada, 3.2 % con ápice en forma de cono y 9.5 % lobulada lisa. 96.8 % de las hojas son verde y 3.2 % variegada ( X. atrovirens monstrosum ) . El 27 % de las accesiones producen estolones y 73 % cormelos. 61.5 % presentan seudotallo color verde, 28.6 % púrp ura y 9.5 % jaspeado. E n e l AA preliminar las accesiones formaron 2 grupos ( silvestres y cultivados ). 63 % de la variación total lo provocan un componente de 4 variables, y dos de 2 variables. El banco de germoplasma in vitro , la colección viva y el herbar io evidencian la variabilidad de Xanthosoma en Nicaragua.

Direct parameter extraction in feedthrough-embedded capacitive MEMS resonators

This paper presents a method for fast and accurate determination of parameters relevant to the characterization of capacitive MEMS resonators like quality factor (Q), resonant frequency (fn), and equivalent circuit parameters such as the motional capacitance (Cm). In the presence of a parasitic feedthrough capacitor (CF) appearing across the input and output ports, the transmission characteristic is marked by two resonances: series (S) and parallel (P). Close approximations of these circuit parameters are obtained without having to first de-embed the resonator motional current typically buried in feedthrough by using the series and parallel resonances. While previous methods with the same objective are well known, we show that these are limited to the condition where CF ≪ CmQ. In contrast, this work focuses on moderate capacitive feedthrough levels where CF > CmQ, which are more common in MEMS resonators. The method is applied to data obtained from the measured electrical transmission of fabricated SOI MEMS resonators. Parameter values deduced via direct extraction are then compared against those obtained by a full extraction procedure where de-embedding is first performed and followed by a Lorentzian fit to the data based on the classical transfer function associated with a generic LRC series resonant circuit. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Probing biomolecular interaction forces using an anharmonic acoustic technique for selective detection of bacterial spores.

Receptor-based detection of pathogens often suffers from non-specific interactions, and as most detection techniques cannot distinguish between affinities of interactions, false positive responses remain a plaguing reality. Here, we report an anharmonic acoustic based method of detection that addresses the inherent weakness of current ligand dependant assays. Spores of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus anthracis simulant) were immobilized on a thickness-shear mode AT-cut quartz crystal functionalized with anti-spore antibody and the sensor was driven by a pure sinusoidal oscillation at increasing amplitude. Biomolecular interaction forces between the coupled spores and the accelerating surface caused a nonlinear modulation of the acoustic response of the crystal. In particular, the deviation in the third harmonic of the transduced electrical response versus oscillation amplitude of the sensor (signal) was found to be significant. Signals from the specifically-bound spores were clearly distinguishable in shape from those of the physisorbed streptavidin-coated polystyrene microbeads. The analytical model presented here enables estimation of the biomolecular interaction forces from the measured response. Thus, probing biomolecular interaction forces using the described technique can quantitatively detect pathogens and distinguish specific from non-specific interactions, with potential applicability to rapid point-of-care detection. This also serves as a potential tool for rapid force-spectroscopy, affinity-based biomolecular screening and mapping of molecular interaction networks.

The pottery from A and C-Group tombs at Serra West in the Museum of Natural History, La Plata

Abstract: The Museum of Natural History, La Plata, Argentina, houses a ceramic collection of the A-Group and C-Group cultures from Nubian tombs at Serra West (AA and ACS cemeteries), on the west bank of the Nile in Lower Nubia. It has been originated from the division after the excavations made by the Franco-Argentine Archaeological Expedition in Sudan between 1961 and 1963, as part of the UNESCO campaigns to save the Nubian monuments.