1000 resultados para 90° holographic recording geometry


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In August and September of 1997 and 1998, we used SCUBA techniques to surgically implant Vemco V16 series acoustic transmitters in 6 greenspotted rockfish (Sebastes chlorostictus) and 16 bocaccio (S. paucispinis) on the flank of Soquel Canyon in Monterey Bay, California. Fish were captured at depths of 100–200 m and reeled up to a depth of approximately 20 m, where a team of SCUBA divers anesthetized and surgically implanted acoustic transmitters in them. Tagged fish were released on the seafloor at the location of catch. An array of recording receivers on the seafloor enabled the tracking of horizontal and vertical fish movements for a three-month period. Greenspotted rockfish tagged in 1997 exhibited almost no vertical movement and showed limited horizontal movement. Two of these tagged fish spent more than 90% of the time in a 0.58-km2 area. Three other tagged greenspotted rockfish spent more than 60% of the time in a 1.6-km2 area but displayed frequent horizontal movements of at least 3 km. Bocaccio exhibited somewhat greater movements. Of the 16 bocaccio tagged in 1998, 10 spent less than 10% of the time in the approximately 12-km2 study area. One fish stayed in the study area for about 50% of the study time. Signals from the remaining 5 fish were recorded in the study area the entire time. Bocaccio frequently moved vertically 10–20 m and occasionally displayed vertical movements of 100 m or greater.

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热激蛋白90是广泛存在于各类细菌和真核生物中的一类高度保守的分子伴侣,它对维持细胞生命是绝对必需的。对Hsp90的相关认知主要来源于对动物和酵母细胞的研究,植物Hsp90的研究甚少。由于植物的特殊性,因此对植物Hsp90的研究是对Hsp90未知功能的有力补充。拟南芥中有7个Hsp90蛋白,其中AtHsp90-1、AtHsp90-2、AtHsp90-3和AtHsp90-4定位在细胞质中,AtHsp90-5、AtHsp90-6和AtHsp90-7分别定位在叶绿体、线粒体和内质网中。本文对拟南芥中的AtHsp90-1、AtHsp90-2、AtHsp90-5、AtHsp90-6和AtHsp90-7五个基因进行了克隆,并分别利用酵母互补、双杂交和拟南芥过表达体系几个层面进行了功能分析。 我们利用酵母穿梭载体p416GPD构建了五个AtHsp90基因的酵母表达载体,将其转入Hsp90基因点突变和条件型缺失的酵母菌株iG170D和R0005中。酵母功能互补实验表明细胞质定位的AtHsp90-1和AtHsp90-2可以在各种胁迫条件下互补酵母Hsp90的功能,而定位于细胞器中的AtHsp90-5、 AtHsp90-6和AtHsp90- 7则在任何条件下都不能互补酵母Hsp90的功能。我们还对转基因酵母进行了液体培养的动态观测和细胞膜完整性检测,其结果和固体培养的结果一致。这说明细胞质Hsp90的功能具有一定的保守性,细胞器Hsp90的功能有其特殊性。 热激蛋白90在执行其生物功能时,需要和大量的辅助因子相互作用,因此我们利用酵母双杂交体系检测了AtHsp90-1、AtHsp90-2、AtHsp90-5、AtHsp90-6和AtHsp90-7五个Hsp90蛋白和Hsp70、p23、Cyp40、NOS等几个辅助因子之间的相互作用情况。双杂交结果显示AtHsp90-1和AtHsp90-2几乎不和所选的这几个辅助因子相互作用,AtHsp90-5可以和所有的辅助因子相互作用、AtHsp90-6可以和除Hsp70以外的辅助因子相互作用,AtHsp90-7也可以和所有的辅助因子相互作用但和Hsp70及Hsp70t-2和互作较其他辅助因子弱一些。可以看出胞质Hsp90和细胞器Hsp90在和辅助因子相互作用时有一定的差异。 为了进一步了解拟南芥个Hsp90基因在抗非生物逆境中的作用,我们又将AtHsp90-2、AtHsp90-5、AtHsp90-7基因插入植物表达载体pBI121,用农杆菌介导的浸蕾法将这三个基因转入拟南芥并在其中过量表达,并研究了这些基因的过表达植株的种子和幼苗对多种模拟非生物逆境的响应。结果显示,转基因种子和幼苗对ABA、盐(NaCl)、干旱(甘露醇)、高温、氧化、高钙等非生物逆境都表现出了敏感,转细胞器Hsp90的种子和幼苗比转细胞质Hsp90的更为敏感。但在高浓度钙离子胁迫下,幼苗表现情况与盐、旱和氧化等非生物逆境处理下的情况正好相反,转细胞器Hsp90的幼苗比转细胞质Hsp90的长得健壮。这些结果表明Hsp90参与了植物抵抗非生物逆境的反应,其作用可能是通过ABA和Ca2+途径实现的,然而体内Hsp90的动态平衡可能才是植物抵抗非生物逆境的关键。