The response of piled buildings to deep excavations

This paper explores the influence of the piled foundation on the building response to excavation-induced deformations. The influence of the type of foundation, the position of positive and negative skin friction zones, and the flexibility of the piles is evaluated with respect to both horizontal and vertical soil deformations. Case histories from the Netherlands are included from Amsterdam (North South Line) and Rotterdam (a building adjacent to the Willemspoortunnel). Most of the buildings are founded on timber piles ranging in length from 12-17 m. Conclusions are drawn about the interaction between the piled building and the soil deformation. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.

清水江的鱼类区系及生态类型

为了系统研究清水江的鱼类区系和生态类型,在2002—2004年对清水江进行了鱼类标本的采集和生态学调查。共采集鱼类标本2500余号,经鉴定为71种(亚种)。其中中华花鳅、拟尖头鲌、长身鳜和长吻鮠等52种(亚种)鱼类为清水江鱼类新记录,而红尾副鳅、长薄鳅、海南拟、福建纹胸鮡和长须黄颡鱼则首次被发现分布于沅江水系。结合文献记录与调查表明:清水江共有鱼类4目13科57属86种(亚种),其中仅胡子鲇为外来种;清水江鱼类区系具有土著鱼类占优势、特有种类和易(濒)危种类较多、区系组成较复杂和与珠江水系之间存在着鱼类

椭圆背角无齿蚌对重金属元素的积累作用

检测了滇池水饲养 1a的椭圆背角无齿蚌 (Anodontawoodianaelliptica)体内重金属等元素含量 ,结果显示椭圆背角无齿蚌体内锌含量为 7.0 8× 1 0 2 mg/kg ,铅为 3 5 .6 8mg/kg ,铜为 9.0 4mg/kg ,铁为 4 .74× 1 0 3mg/kg ,砷为 6 2 .0 9mg/kg ,磷为 4 .4 4× 1 0 4mg/kg .与滇池水中锌 0 .0 2 0 5 μg/L ,铅 0 .4 1 2 μg/L ,铜 3 .1 98μg/L相比较 ,表明椭

粘孢子虫免疫学研究进展

国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 0 2 710 2 8); 中国科学院知识创新项目 (KSCX2-1-0 4)

萼花臂尾轮虫交配行为和受精作用研究

萼花臂尾轮虫的交配行为大致可分为 5个阶段。除雌雄性比为 1∶ 2和 1∶ 3时混交雌体的受精率为 1 0 0 %外 ,其余性比下混交雌体的受精率皆无显著的差异。可受精的混交雌体百分率和具受精能力的雄体百分率皆随年龄的增大而下降。所有的混交雌体在出生后的 4 h内均易于受精 ;以后随着龄长 ( X,h)的增加 ,可受精的混交雌体百分率 ( Y,% )呈非线性下降 :Y=1 66.6386-1 7.81 3X+0 .4 837X2。当龄长达 1 8h时 ,所有的混交雌体皆不易受精。雄体在出生后的 8h内 ,

PCR-DGGE Fingerprinting Analysis of Plankton Communities and Its Relationship to Lake Trophic Status

Plankton communities in eight lakes of different trophic status near Yangtze, China were characterized by using denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Various water quality parameters were also measured at each collection site. Following extraction of DNA from plankton communities, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes were amplified with specific primers for prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively; DNA profiles were developed by DGGE. The plankton community of each lake had its own distinct DNA profile. The total number of bands identified at 34 sampling stations ranged from 37 to 111. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes displayed complex fingerprints composed of a large number of bands: 16 to 59 bands were obtained with the prokaryotic primer set; 21 to 52 bands for the eukaryotic primer set. The DGGE-patterns were analyzed in relation to water quality parameters by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Temperature, pH, alkalinity, and the concentration of COD, TP and TN were strongly correlated with the DGGE patterns. The parameters that demonstrated a strong correlation to the DGGE fingerprints of the plankton community differed among lakes, suggesting that differences in the DGGE fingerprints were due mainly to lake trophic status. Results of the present study suggest that PCR-DGGE fingerprinting is an effective and precise method of identifying changes to plankton community composition, and therefore could be a useful ecological tool for monitoring the response of aquatic ecosystems to environmental perturbations.

A comparison of methods currently used in inclusive design.

Inclusive design has unique challenges because it aims to improve usability for a wide range of users. This typically includes people with lower levels of ability, as well as mainstream users. This paper examines the effectiveness of two methods that are used in inclusive design: user trials and exclusion calculations (an inclusive design inspection method). A study examined three autoinjectors using both methods (n=30 for the user trials). The usability issues identified by each method are compared and the effectiveness of the methods is discussed. The study found that each method identified different kinds of issues, all of which are important for inclusive design. We therefore conclude that a combination of methods should be used in inclusive design rather than relying on a single method. Recommendations are also given for how the individual methods can be used more effectively in this context.

Detection of the hepatotoxic microcystins in 36 kinds of cyanobacteria Spirulina food products in China

Gel filtration chromatography, ultra-filtration, and solid-phase extraction silica gel clean-up were evaluated for their ability to remove microcystins selectively from extracts of cyanobacteria Spirulina samples after using the reversed-phase octadecylsilyl ODS cartridge for subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The reversed-phase ODS cartridge/silica gel combination were effective and the optimal wash and elution conditions were: H2O (wash), 20% methanol in water (wash), and 90% methanol in water (elution) for the reversed-phase ODS cartridge, followed by 80% methanol in water elution in the silica gel cartridge. The presence of microcystins in 36 kinds of cyanobacteria Spirulina health food samples obtained from various retail outlets in China were detected by LC-MS/MS, and 34 samples (94%) contained microcystins ranging from 2 to 163 ng g(-1) (mean=1427 ng g(-1)), which were significantly lower than microcystins present in blue green alga products previously reported. MC-RR-which contains two molecules of arginine (R)-(in 94.4% samples) was the predominant microcystin, followed by MC-LR-where L is leucine-(30.6%) and MC-YR-where Y is tyrose-(27.8%). The possible potential health risks from chronic exposure to microcystins from contaminated cyanobacteria Spirulina health food should not be ignored, even if the toxin concentrations were low. The method presented herein is proposed to detect microcystins present in commercial cyanobacteria Spirulina samples.

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) SLP-76 gene

SLP-76 is an important member of the SLP-76 family of adapters, and it plays a key role in TCR signaling and T cell function. Partial cDNA sequence of SLP-76 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA Library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full Length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was 2007 bp, consisting of a T-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 285 bp, a T-terminal. UTR of 240 bp, and an open reading frame of 1482 bp. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp SLP-76 had an overall similarity of 34-73% to that of other species homotogues, and it was composed of an NH2-terminal domain, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated the existence of a Gads binding site R-X-X-K, a 10-aa-long sequence which binds to the SH3 domain of LCK in vitro, and three conserved tyrosine-containing sequence in the NH2-terminal domain. Then we used PCR to obtain a genomic DNA which covers the entire coding region of carp SLP-76. In the 9.2 k-long genomic sequence, twenty one exons and twenty introns were identified. RT-PCR results showed that carp SLP-76 was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic tissues, and was upregulated in thymus tissue of four-month carp compared to one-year old carp. RT-PCR and virtual northern hybridization results showed that carp SLP-76 was also upregulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic carp at the age of four-months. These results suggest that the expression level of SLP-76 gene may be related to thymocyte development in teleosts. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Nitrite utilization by Chaetoceros muelleri under elevated CO2 concentration

Chaetoceros muelleri (Lemn.) was cultured with nitrite (NO2-) or nitrate (NO3-) as the sole nitrogen source and aerated with air or with CO2-enriched air. Cells of C. muelleri excreted into the medium nitrite produced by reduction of nitrate when grown with 100 mu M NaNO3 as nitrogen source. Accordingly, NO2- concentration reached 10.4 mu M after 95 h at the low CO2 condition (aerated with air); while the maximum NO2- concentration was only around 2.0 mu M at the high CO2 condition (aerated with 5% CO2 in air), furthermore, after 30 h it decreased to no more than 1.0 mu M. NO2- was almost assimilated in 80 h when C. muelleri was cultured at the high CO2 condition with 100 mu M NaNO2 as sole nitrogen source. At the high CO2 condition, after 3 h the activity of nitrite reductase was as much as 50% higher than that at the low CO2 condition. It was indicated that enriched CO2 concentration could inhibit nitrite excretion and enhance nitrite assimilation by cells. Therefore, aeration with enriched CO2 might be an effective way to control nitrite content in aquaculture systems.

Optical investigations of the effect of solvent and thermal annealing on the optoelectronic properties of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) films

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most promising conducting polymers that can be used as transparent electrode or as buffer layer for organic electronic devices. However, when used as an electrode, its conductivity has to be optimized either by the addition of solvents or by post-deposition processing. In this work, we investigate the effect of the addition of the polar solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to an aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution on its optical and electrical properties by the implementation of the Drude model for the analysis of the measured pseudo-dielectric function by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry from the near infrared to the visible-far ultraviolet spectral range. The results show that the addition of DMSO increases significantly the film conductivity, which reaches a maximum value at an optimum DMSO concentration as it has confirmed by experimentally measured conductivity values. The post-deposition thermal annealing has been found to have a smaller effect on the film conductivity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Wave dispersion and power flow analysis of an infinite aerofoil-shaped beam

Classic flutter analysis models an aerofoil as a two degree-of-freedom rigid body supported by linear and torsional springs, which represent the bending and torsional stiffness of the aerofoil section. In this classic flutter model, no energy transfer or dissipation can occur in the span-wise direction of the aerofoil section. However, as the aspect ratio of an aerofoil section increases, this span-wise energy transfer - in the form of travelling waves - becomes important to the overall system dynamics. This paper extends the classic flutter model to include travelling waves in the span-wise direction. Namely, wave dispersion and power flow analysis of an infinite, aerofoil-shaped beam, subject to bending, torsion, tension and a constant wind excitation, is used to investigate the overall system stability. Examples of potential applications for these high aspect ratio aerofoil sections include high-altitude balloon tethers, towed cables, offshore risers and mooring lines.

Diurnal changes of behavior and respiration of Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) in captivity

A preliminary study was carried out to investigate diurnal changes of behavior of three, one adult mate, one adult female, and one juvenile female, Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) in captivity. The respiration and behavior of the porpoises were recorded for 222 hr across 42 days. Behavioral data were recorded for eight general categories: aerial display and fast swimming, begging for fish, playing, nonsexual socializing, sexual behavior, resting, rubbing, and miscellaneous (i.e., other behaviors not included in the above categories). Each behavioral category was scored using one-zero sampling with 10-min intervals. The adult male showed shorter mean respiratory intervals at night (19:00-7:00 h), whereas the mean respiratory intervals of the females were shorter during the day (7:00-19:00 h). Begging for fish of all individuals, playing of the juvenile female, nonsexual socializing, and miscellaneous behavior of the adult female and resting of the male were observed more easily in the day, and aerial display and fast swimming of the adults and resting of the females were observed more easily at night. No significant diurnal difference was found, however, in the remaining categories of each individual. Each of the three porpoises therefore showed a distinct diurnal pattern, but none was obviously more active in the daytime than during the nighttime. Results suggest that daytime-only feeding schedules may be insufficient to meet the energetic needs of marine mammals that show a 24-hr activity cycle, and that nighttime feeding may be a worthwhile addition to husbandry routines.