Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.

Primary mineralogy of ODP Leg 115 basalts

Basement rocks were recovered at four sites on Leg 115 along the Reunion hotspot track in the western Indian Ocean. Plate tectonic reconstructions indicate that the drilled structures formed in three different volcanic environments. Sites 706 and 713 from the eastern side of the Saya de Malha Bank and the northern end of the Chagos Bank, respectively, are on a large volcanic platform analogous to Iceland on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Lavas at Site 707 on the northwestern side of the Saya de Malha Bank erupted during the early stages of rifting of the Seychelles from India. Basalts from Site 715 were erupted onto an isolated oceanic island that was distant from ocean ridges and continents much as Reunion Island is today. Many of the rocks were examined in thin section and found to be primarily augite-plagioclase basalts with minor olivine and rare opaque oxides. Site 715 is unusual in that it contains a variety of basalts including olivine-rich and aphyric Fe-Ti basalts. At each of the four sites the rocks were grouped into chemical types (units) on the basis of ship- board bulk-rock analyses and at least one thin section from each chemical unit was analyzed by electron microprobe. The plagioclase and augite chemistry reflects the bulk-rock chemistry and, in general, these minerals were in equilibrium with their host magmas at the time the basalts were quenched. Olivine was rarely preserved, but where it is still present it also appears to have crystallized in equilibrium with the host magma. At three of the drill sites plagioclase phenocrysts or megacrysts that crystallized from a primitive magma are also present. The one site (715) that does not contain these primitive plagioclase phenocrysts is also the site that appears to have been influenced the least by ocean- ridge or Deccan-type magmas. Site 715, furthermore, has a mineralogy that is dominated by olivine as compared with the plagioclase-rich lavas of the other sites.

El término religio, su aparición y su uso en Eneida de Virgilio

El término "religio" en la antigüedad difiere en muchos aspectos del término "religión" en la actualidad, en consecuencia, en nuestro trabajo se intenta conceptualizar el vocablo a partir de su aparición y uso en Eneida. Asimismo, se establece un paralelismo entre el concepto de pietas, término que describe la relación entre la esfera humana y la divina, religio caracterizada como la consecuencia de dicha relación y el rito como la forma pragmática de ésta última. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar las acepciones que utiliza Virgilio y destacar su funcionalidad en la obra teniendo en cuenta las relaciones sistemáticas antes nombradas. Se estudiarán los siguientes pasajes: libro II, VV. 151, 188, 365, 715; libro III, VV. 363, 409; libro VII, VV. 172, 608; libro VIII, VV. 349, 598; libro XII, VV.182

Comprensión y producción de textos en alumnos universitarios: la reformulación textual

En este trabajo se informan resultados sobre las características que se observan en tareas específicas de reformulación en alumnos universitarios que cursan el tramo medio de la carrera de Psicología (N=58), y de un grupo de referencia de alumnos de las carreras de Lenguas Modernas, Letras y Bibliotecología (N=33) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina). Se han considerado tres tipos de reformulación: resuntiva, comprensiva y productiva. Se ha analizado un corpus de 621 reformulaciones, a partir de diferentes tipos de textos. Las producciones obtenidas fueron categorizadas según los siguientes criterios: presencia/ausencia de dificultades normativas, morfosintáticas y semánticas. Los resultados muestran que aparecen problemas predominantemente en el caso de las paráfrasis y de la elaboración de resúmenes. En ellas se observan dificultades de puntuación ; de cohesión y coherencia textual , y distorsiones u omisiones semánticas relativas a la extracción de las partes principales del texto y/o su reemplazo, con inadecuada disponibilidad de recursos léxicos y confusión en el tipo de registro que corresponde a la escritura. Estos resultados, coincidentes con los otros de la misma investigación, de carácter más amplio, informan sobre los problemas de un número importante de alumnos universitarios para interactuar no sólo con textos académicos, sino con textos de carácter general. Además conducen a interrogarse por una parte sobre la naturaleza de dichas dificultades, que parecen ligadas a problemas de producción, que de modo indirecto dan cuenta de dificultades en comprensión textual y, por la otra, a las características de la enseñanza universitaria en el tratamiento textual.