Iowa Militiaman, Winter 2011

The Iowa Militiaman is an unofficial publication authorized under the provisions of AR 360-81. It is published by the 135th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment, Camp Dodge, Johnston, Iowa 50131, and is printed four times annually. The news and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Adjutant General of Iowa, or the Department of the Army.

Iowa Militiaman, Winter 2012

The Iowa Militiaman is an unofficial publication authorized under the provisions of AR 360-81. It is published by the 135th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment, Camp Dodge, Johnston, Iowa 50131, and is printed four times annually. The news and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Adjutant General of Iowa, or the Department of the Army.

Iowa Militiaman, Spring 2013

The Iowa Militiaman is an unofficial publication authorized under the provisions of AR 360-81. It is published by the 135th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment, Camp Dodge, Johnston, Iowa 50131, and is printed four times annually. The news and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Adjutant General of Iowa, or the Department of the Army.

Helical tomotherapy in the treatment of anal canal cancer: 3-year clinical experience

Objective: To report a single-center experience treating patients with squamous- cell carcinoma of the anal canal using helical Tomotherapy (HT) and concurrent chemotherapy (CT).Materials/Methods: From October 2007 to February 2011, 55 patients were treated with HT and concurrent CT (5-fluorouracil/capecitabin and mitomycin) for anal squamous-cell carcinoma. All patients underwent computed- tomography-based treatment planning, with pelvic and inguinal nodes receiving 36 Gy in 1.8 Gy/fraction. Following a planned 1-week break, primary tumor site and involved nodes were boosted to a total dose 59.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy/fraction. Dose-volume histograms of several organs at risk (OAR; bladder, small intestine, rectum, femoral heads, penile bulb, external genitalia) were assessed in terms of conformal avoidance. All toxicity was scored according to the CTCAE, v.3.0. HT plans and treatment were implemented using the Tomotherapy, Inc. software and hardware. For dosimetric comparisons, 3D RT and/or IMRT plans were also computed for some of the patients using the CMS planning system, for treatment with 6-18 MV photons and/or electrons with suitable energies from a Siemens Primus linear accelerator equipped with a multileaf collimator.Locoregional control and survival curves were compared with the log-rank test, and multivariate analysis by the Cox model.Results: With 360-degree-of-freedom beam projection, HT has an advantage over other RT techniques (3D or 5-field step-and-shot IMRT). There is significant improvement over 3D or 5-field IMRT plans in terms of dose conformity around the PTV, and dose gradients are steeper outside the target volume, resulting in reduced doses to OARs. Using HT, acute toxicity was acceptable, and seemed to be better than historical standards.Conclusions: Our results suggest that HT combined with concurrent CT for anal cancer is effective and tolerable. Compared to 3D RT or 5-field step-andshot IMRT, there is better conformity around the PTV, and better OAR sparing.

Arthrogryposis multiplexa congenita: an epidemiologic study of nearly 9 million births in 24 EUROCAT registers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) in Europe and to identify possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based epidemiological study using EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries. The study population included all cases of AMC (based on WHO ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) that were livebirths (LB), fetal deaths (FD) from 20 weeks gestation and underwent termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA), 1980-2006. RESULTS: Among 8.9 million births covered by 24 EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries, 757 AMC cases were reported. This gives a prevalence of 8.5 per 100,000. Five hundred and four (67%) AMC cases were LB, 199 (26%) cases were TOPFA, and FD occurred in 54 (7%) cases. First week survival status was known for 381 of the 504 LB (76%), of whom 87 (23%) died within the first week of life. Perinatal mortality associated with AMC was 32%. Two hundred and eighty-two (37%) cases had isolated AMC, 90 (12%) had additional syndrome or chromosomal anomalies and 385 (51%) had other major malformations. The same or similar anomaly was reported in 13% of siblings and in 12% of the mother's own family background. Information on prenatal testing was available for 521 cases of which 360 tested positive for a congenital anomaly, representing a sensitivity of 69%. Information on maternal illness before and during pregnancy and medication use in the first trimester was available for approximately a third of the mothers, of whom the vast majority reported no maternal illness or medication use. CONCLUSION: AMC is a rare occurrence, with a reported prevalence of 1:12,000. In this study, while information on potential risk factors such as maternal disease or maternal use of drugs was limited, they did not appear to be associated with the occurrence of AMC. AMC was lethal in a third of cases, either in utero or during the first week of life, although this may not be solely attributed to AMC as most cases had additional malformations.

Simplificação da equação de viabilidade para predizer a longevidade de sementes de milho e soja

A equação de Ellis & Roberts utiliza a temperatura, a umidade e a qualidade inicial da semente para predizer sua longevidade, porém exige experimentos complexos e demorados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi simplificar a equação de viabilidade para predizer a longevidade da semente de milho e soja em condições de armazenamento aberto. A equação simplificada é explicada pelo modelo Vp = Vi - (tgbeta).p, em que Vp é a viabilidade em probit no período p, Vi é a germinação inicial do lote e tgb é a taxa de deterioração da semente para cada espécie. Sementes de milho BRS201 e BRS206 e soja cultivar IAC-8 e MG/BR 46 (Conquista) foram embaladas em sacos de papel e armazenadas por 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias, em galpões abertos, em Sete Lagoas, MG, e Brasília, DF. Os dados foram transformados em 'probit' e a declividade da reta (tgbeta) foi calculada entre 0 e 30 dias. O coeficiente (tgbeta) variou de 1,4767.10-3 a 2,687.10-3 em milho e de 2,868.10-3 a 3,617.10-3 em soja, dependendo das condições climáticas do armazém. A germinação da semente de soja declinou mais rapidamente que a de milho. O modelo prediz com precisão a longevidade das sementes de milho e soja em armazém aberto.

A simple score for estimating ischemic heart disease in patients with non-traumatic chest pain in primary care

Background: Modelling epidemiological knowledge in validated clinical scores is a practical mean of integrating EBM to usual care. Existing scores about cardiovascular disease have been largely developed in emergency settings, but few in primary care. Such a toll is needed for general practitioners (GP) to evaluate the probability of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with non-traumatic chest pain. Objective: To develop a predictive model to use as a clinical score for detecting IHD in patients with non-traumatic chest-pain in primary care. Methods: A post-hoc secondary analysis on data from an observational study including 672 patients with chest pain of which 85 had IHD diagnosed by their GP during the year following their inclusion. Best subset method was used to select 8 predictive variables from univariate analysis and fitted in a multivariate logistic regression model to define the score. Reliability of the model was assessed using split-group method. Results: Significant predictors were: age (0-3 points), gender (1 point), having at least one cardiovascular risks factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, family history of CVD; 3 points), personal history of cardiovascular disease (1 point), duration of chest pain from 1 to 60 minutes (2 points), substernal chest pain (1 point), pain increasing with exertion (1 point) and absence of tenderness at palpation (1 point). Area under the ROC curve for the score was of 0.95 (IC95% 0.93; 0.97). Patients were categorised in three groups, low risk of IHD (score under 6; n = 360), moderate risk of IHD (score from 6 to 8; n = 187) and high risk of IHD (score from 9-13; n = 125). Prevalence of IHD in each group was respectively of 0%, 6.7%, 58.5%. Reliability of the model seems satisfactory as the model developed from the derivation set predicted perfectly (p = 0.948) the number of patients in each group in the validation set. Conclusion: This clinical score based only on history and physical exams can be an important tool in the practice of the general physician for the prediction of ischemic heart disease in patients complaining of chest pain. The score below 6 points (in more than half of our population) can avoid demanding complementary exams for selected patients (ECG, laboratory tests) because of the very low risk of IHD. Score above 6 points needs investigation to detect or rule out IHD. Further external validation is required in ambulatory settings.

Generation and nonlinear evolution of shore-oblique/transverse sand bars

The coupling between topography, waves and currents in the surf zone may selforganize to produce the formation of shore-transverse or shore-oblique sand bars on an otherwise alongshore uniform beach. In the absence of shore-parallel bars, this has been shown by previous studies of linear stability analysis, but is now extended to the finite-amplitude regime. To this end, a nonlinear model coupling wave transformation and breaking, a shallow-water equations solver, sediment transport and bed updating is developed. The sediment flux consists of a stirring factor multiplied by the depthaveraged current plus a downslope correction. It is found that the cross-shore profile of the ratio of stirring factor to water depth together with the wave incidence angle primarily determine the shape and the type of bars, either transverse or oblique to the shore. In the latter case, they can open an acute angle against the current (upcurrent oriented) or with the current (down-current oriented). At the initial stages of development, both the intensity of the instability which is responsible for the formation of the bars and the damping due to downslope transport grow at a similar rate with bar amplitude, the former being somewhat stronger. As bars keep on growing, their finite-amplitude shape either enhances downslope transport or weakens the instability mechanism so that an equilibrium between both opposing tendencies occurs, leading to a final saturated amplitude. The overall shape of the saturated bars in plan view is similar to that of the small-amplitude ones. However, the final spacings may be up to a factor of 2 larger and final celerities can also be about a factor of 2 smaller or larger. In the case of alongshore migrating bars, the asymmetry of the longshore sections, the lee being steeper than the stoss, is well reproduced. Complex dynamics with merging and splitting of individual bars sometimes occur. Finally, in the case of shore-normal incidence the rip currents in the troughs between the bars are jet-like while the onshore return flow is wider and weaker as is observed in nature.

Multicenter study of a new fully automated HBsAg screening assay with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of HBV mutants.

In a multicenter study a new, fully automated Roche Diagnostics Elecsys HBsAg II screening assay with improved sensitivity to HBsAg mutant detection was compared to well-established HBsAg tests: AxSYM HBsAg V2 (Abbott), Architect HBsAg (Abbott), Advia Centaur HBsAg (Bayer) Enzygnost HBsAg 5.0 (Dade-Behring), and Vitros Eci HBsAg (Ortho). A total of 16 seroconversion panels, samples of 60 HBsAg native mutants, and 31 HBsAg recombinant mutants, dilution series of NIBSC and PEI standards, 156 HBV positive samples comprising genotypes A to G, 686 preselected HBsAg positive samples from different stages of infection, 3,593 samples from daily routine, and 6,360 unselected blood donations were tested to evaluate the analytical and clinical sensitivity, the detection of mutants, and the specificity of the new assay. Elecsys HBsAg II showed a statistically significant better sensitivity in seroconversion panels to the compared tests. Fifty-seven out of 60 native mutants and all recombinant mutants were found positive. Among 156 HBV samples with different genotypes and 696 preselected HBsAg positive samples Elecsys HBsAg II achieved a sensitivity of 100%. The lower detection limit for NIBSC standard was calculated to be 0.025 IU/ml and for the PEI standards ad and ay it was <0.001 and <0.005 U/ml, respectively. Within 2,724 daily routine specimens and 6.360 unselected blood donations Elecsys HBsAg II showed a specificity of 99.97 and 99.88%, respectively. In conclusion the new Elecsys HBsAg II shows a high sensitivity for the detection of all stages of HBV infection and HBsAg mutants paired together with a high specificity in blood donors, daily routine samples, and potentially interfering sera.

Relação entre distribuição de nitrogênio e colonização por bactérias diazotróficas em cana-de-açúcar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre a distribuição de nitrogênio na planta e a colonização por Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus e Herbaspirillum spp. Foi implantado um experimento em parcelas subdivididas, tendo como tratamentos quatro genótipos: SP70-1143, SP79-2312 (híbridos), Krakatau (Saccharum spontaneum L.) e Chunnee (Saccharum barberi Jesw.); e quatro épocas de coleta: 90, 180, 360 e 540 dias após o plantio, com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros estudados foram: porcentual de nitrogênio, nitrato, N amino livre e o número mais provável de população das bactérias Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus e Herbaspirillum spp. Os valores mais elevados de nitrogênio foram observados aos 90 dias após o plantio, nas folhas e colmo apical; as maiores concentrações N amino ocorreram nas raízes, colmo basal e folhas da variedade SP79-2312 e no colmo apical do genótipo Chunnee. O maior acúmulo de nitrato foi observado nos colmos basais e intermediários, sobretudo na variedade SP79-2312. O N protéico mostrou ser o maior componente do nitrogênio porcentual, com a mesma tendência nas diferentes partes da planta. O maior valor na população de G. diazotrophicus ocorreu nas raízes de SP70-1143, SP79-2312 e Krakatau, e nos quatro genótipos de Herbaspirillum spp.

Desempenho animal em pasto de aveia e azevém com distintas biomassas de lâminas foliares

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de biomassas de lâminas foliares no desempenho animal. Utilizou-se mistura de aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), para determinar quantidades adequadas de sua biomassa no manejo da pastagem. Foram realizados dois experimentos, na estação fria de 2002 e 2003. Na avaliação de 2002, os valores de biomassa de lâminas foliares foram de 360 kg ha-1 (baixa) e 630 kg ha-1 (alta). Em 2003, foram obtidas biomassas de 352, 422 e 507 kg ha-1, classificadas como baixa, média e alta, respectivamente. O método de pastejo foi contínuo, com taxa de lotação variada; os animais utilizados foram terneiros da raça Charolês e cruzados com Nelore, com idade inicial de nove meses. As variáveis de produção animal avaliadas, nos dois anos, foram: ganho médio diário, carga animal e ganho de peso vivo por área. As distintas biomassas de lâminas foliares mantidas não são fatores limitantes ao desempenho animal.

Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of a crude ethanol extract (CEE) of soapberry Sapindus saponaria stem peel on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tick larvae obtained by incubating engorged females, collected from naturally infested cattle, were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CEE in the test group, and distilled water in the control group. Four repetitions were made with each solution (n>120). Mortality was observed after 48 hours. Lethal concentration values of 1,258 ppm (LC50) and 6,360 ppm (LC99) were obtained.

Dietas de baixa proteína no desempenho de frangos criados em diferentes temperaturas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de frangos, entre 42 e 49 dias, alimentados com dietas de baixa proteína e criados em diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizados 360 frangos, machos, Cobb-500, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x3 (temperatura ambiente de 20, 25 e 32ºC e dietas com teores de proteína bruta de 18,0, 16,5 e 15,0%), com quatro repetições de dez aves cada. As dietas com baixa proteína prejudicaram o desempenho e a eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio dos frangos criados em 32ºC. Os rendimentos de carcaça e de coxa e sobrecoxa foram maiores nas aves criadas a 32ºC. Os demais cortes e a deposição de gordura abdominal não foram alterados. O estresse por calor reduziu o teor de proteína e aumentou o de gordura na coxa e sobrecoxa, ao passo que os teores protéicos não alteraram a composição bromatológica dos cortes. A utilização de dietas com baixa proteína piora o desempenho de frangos, de 42 a 49 dias, criados em estresse por calor. No entanto, essas dietas podem ser utilizadas em frangos criados em 20 ou 25ºC, pois não alteram o desempenho, a qualidade da carcaça e diminuem a excreção de nitrogênio.