Étikus és émikus kultúrakutatások

Jelen cikk az összehasonlító kultúrakutatásokat mutatja be és csoportosítja aszerint, hogy étikus vagy émikus kutatásokról van-e szó. A szélesebb körben ismert dimenzionális modelleken túl (Kluckhohn és Strodtbeck, Edward T. Hall, Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars és Charles Hampden-Turner, Salom H. Schwartz, GLOBE-kutatás) a szerző röviden ismerteti a kulturális metafora (Gannon) elméletét, és három példával (portugál bikaviadal, izraeli kibuc és mosav, thai királyság) meg is világítja, miben nyújt több ismeretet (megértést) ez a kultúrafeltárási módszer a korábban bemutatottaknál és ugyanakkor mire nem alkalmas a módszer. Végül a kulturstandard módszer ismertetésére kerül sor, amely sajátos ötvözete az émikus és étikus kutatásoknak.

Ban yue 半月 (The Half Moon Journal) Vol 1 No 12 (27 Feb, 1922)

A bimonthly literary magazine edited by Zhou Shoujuan 周瘦鵑, featuring fiction, topical articles, and entertainment features, published from September 1921 through November 1925.

Characterization of non-imaging semiconductor X-ray solar monitors

The first observations of solar X-rays date back to late 1940 s. In order to observe solar X-rays the instruments have to be lifted above the Earth s atmosphere, since all high energy radiation from the space is almost totally attenuated by it. This is a good thing for all living creatures, but bad for X-ray astronomers. Detectors observing X-ray emission from space must be placed on-board satellites, which makes this particular discipline of astronomy technologically and operationally demanding, as well as very expensive. In this thesis, I have focused on detectors dedicated to observing solar X-rays in the energy range 1-20 keV. The purpose of these detectors was to measure solar X-rays simultaneously with another X-ray spectrometer measuring fluorescence X-ray emission from the Moon surface. The X-ray fluorescence emission is induced by the primary solar X-rays. If the elemental abundances on the Moon were to be determined with fluorescence analysis methods, the shape and intensity of the simultaneous solar X-ray spectrum must be known. The aim of this thesis is to describe the characterization and operation of our X-ray instruments on-board two Moon missions, SMART-1 and Chandrayaan-1. Also the independent solar science performance of these two almost similar X-ray spectrometers is described. These detectors have the following two features in common. Firstly, the primary detection element is made of a single crystal silicon diode. Secondly, the field of view is circular and very large. The data obtained from these detectors are spectra with a 16 second time resolution. Before launching an instrument into space, its performance must be characterized by ground calibrations. The basic operation of these detectors and their ground calibrations are described in detail. Two C-flares are analyzed as examples for introducing the spectral fitting process. The first flare analysis shows the fit of a single spectrum of the C1-flare obtained during the peak phase. The other analysis example shows how to derive the time evolution of fluxes, emission measures (EM) and temperatures through the whole single C4 flare with the time resolution of 16 s. The preparatory data analysis procedures are also introduced in detail. These are required in spectral fittings of the data. A new solar monitor design equipped with a concentrator optics and a moderate size of field of view is also introduced.

饲料中土豆蛋白替代鱼粉对虹鳟摄食率、消化率和生长的影响

通过生长试验探讨了饲料中土豆蛋白浓缩物替代鱼粉后对虹鳟摄食率、消化率、生长和饲料利用的影响。对照饲料全部以鱼粉为蛋白源，其它饲料分别含土豆蛋白2．2％，5．6％，8．9％和11．1％，另一饲料含5．6％土豆蛋白和1．7％蛋氨酸。在12℃下饲养4周，试验结果表明，随着饲料中土豆蛋白使用比例的增加，虹鳟的摄食率下降，饲料的干物质、蛋白和灰分的表观消化率上升，脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响；当饲料中含5．6％土豆蛋白时，虹鳟生长率明显下降；当饲料中土豆蛋白含量为8．9％，生长率和饲料效率均下降。饲料中添加蛋氨酸后，

定量体积排除色谱法测定水溶性高分子的折光指数增量

用定量体积排除色谱（ＳＥＣ）法，从示差折光检测器的响应测定了多种水溶性高分子在纯水溶液中的折光指数增量，与常规静态方法所得结果相同，ＳＥＣ用盐水溶液作为淋洗液时，盐水溶液类同于混合溶剂，溶质与周围溶剂的色谱分离过程与透析过程等同。在有柱和无柱的色谱装置条件下，从示差折光的检测响应值可分别导得恒定化学位和恒定溶剂组成下的折光指数增量νμ和νｋ。中性的聚丙烯酰胺在ＮａＣｌ溶液中νμ＞νｋ，表明ＮａＣ１分子被高分子链优先吸附。聚电解质聚苯乙烯磺酸钠的νμ＜νｋ，表明水分子被优先吸附。

智能机器人系统分层递阶智能控制结构的分析与综合

智能机器人是分层递阶智能控制结构开放的复杂巨系统。本文根据神经科学、人脑智能的三个重要特性,对智能机器人系统分屋递阶智能控制结构、功能和各个层级的基本理论做了简要的论述和分析,采用从定性到定量的综合集成技术,用概率模型表达组织级的推理、规划、决策的不确定性,分配协调级的任务,和执行级的控制作用,用熵作为系统分层递阶各级性能的集成测度,建立智能控制的数学模型。智能机器人系统综合可以以下述数学问题为出发点,即寻求适当的决策与控制序列,随智能递降而精度递增的原则,构成系统的总体熵最小,即可获得最优决策、最优控制和最优设计;用在核电站中自动检修的移动式智能机器人系统求熵最小值改善系统性能有效性的事例做了简要说明,进而提出实现的基本途径和应用前景。

国内机器人文献资源分布调查研究

为了开发利用国内机器人文献资源,做好机器人技术情报跟踪和服务工作,本文作者对18个研究单位及有关图书情报部门进行了调查,探讨了机器人文献馆藏建设,合理进行资源布局等问题。

赣中变质岩带变泥砂质岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

赣中变质岩带主要由变泥砂质岩石和少量斜长角闪岩组成。30个变泥砂质岩石样品分析表明，稀土元素分布模式显示明显富集轻稀土元素及Eu负异常[∑REE=129～296μg／g，δEu=0．51～0．86，(La／Yb)N=3．95～12．91，其小相容元素比值高(Th／Sc=0．57～3．59、La／Sc=1．46～12．4、La／Yb=5．84～19．0、La／Sm=4．69～6．87、Th／U=3．40～6．42)，大离子亲石元素富集，Zr、Hf、Sc、Ti、Y、HREE和Sr含量较低，其原岩应为一套砂泥质岩石，沉积于远离陆地的克拉通大陆架浅海环境；δBa=0．10～0．93，Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄tDM=1597～2525Ma，εNd(0)=-9．9～-15．8，其源区物质主体由占元占代富铝富钾的花岗质岩石和(或)碎屑沉积岩构成，经历了较强的化学风化作用。