Natural latex graft in lamellar and penetrating sclerectomies in rabbits

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pure-transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) ovariohysterectomy in bitches: a preliminary feasibility study

Cirurgia endoscópica por orifícios naturais (NOTES) constitui um acesso cirúrgico relativamente novo para abordagem minimamente invasiva, a qual vem sendo amplamente estudada na medicina humana. Porém, poucos estudos envolvendo sua aplicação na prática cirúrgica de pequenos animais foram realizados até o momento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a factibilidade da ovário-histerectomia transvaginal por NOTES pura em cadelas. Cinco cadelas foram avaliadas. A cavidade abdominal foi acessada por um trocarte de 11mm introduzido por uma incisão vaginal. Empregando-se um endoscópio rígido com canal de trabalho, os pedículos ovarianos foram coagulados e seccionados usando-se diatermia bipolar. O corno uterino foi tracionado para o interior do trocarte e exteriorizado juntamente com a cânula. O corpo e vasos uterinos foram coagulados ou ligados com sutura. O coto uterino foi reposicionado na cavidade abdominal e o pneumoperitônio, drenado. O procedimento foi realizado com sucesso em quatro das cinco cadelas. Na primeira tentativa, houve conversão para uma técnica de NOTES-híbrida, devido à quebra de uma pinça de coagulação. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi 52,1 (DP±11,5 minutos) para a técnica de NOTES pura. A OHE por NOTES pura é factível em cadelas, sem resultar em complicações maiores e proporcionando excelente recuperação pós-operatória.

Pragas e inimigos naturais na soja e no milho cultivados em sistemas diversificados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic variability in natural populations of Zeyheria montana mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as an attractive crop to natural enemies in onion fields

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Field methods for the study of ants in sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Quality of natural coffee subjected to different rest periods during the drying process

O parcelamento da secagem pode ser eficiente tanto no que diz respeito à qualidade final do café, quanto na redução do consumo específico de energia. Diante disso, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito do teor de água dos frutos no momento da interrupção da secagem e do período de repouso até a retomada da secagem na qualidade do café natural, por meio da análise sensorial e dos testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio. Frutos de café maduros foram colhidos manual e seletivamente e, em seguida, secados ao sol em terreiros de concreto por dois dias e, então, submetidos à secagem mecânica em secadores de camada fixa. Quando o café atingiu os teores de água de 20%, 17% e 14% (base úmida, bu), a secagem foi interrompida e o café permaneceu em repouso por cinco, quinze e trinta dias e, posteriormente, foi secado em secadores mecânicos até o teor de água de 11% (bu). O controle constituiu-se na secagem completa em terreiro. Observou-se que as combinações entre o menor teor de água e o maior período de repouso e entre o maior teor de água e o menor período de repouso, proporcionam menores valores de lixiviação de potássio. A qualidade da bebida melhora progressivamente com o aumento do período de repouso. A interrupção da secagem com teores de água de 17% e 20% (bu) não altera a qualidade do café natural, comparativamente à secagem completa em terreiro.

Quality of the forage apparently consumed by beef calves in natural grassland under fertilization and oversown with cool season forage species

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF NATURAL STARCH GRANULES - EFFECT OF THE SIZE OF THE GRANULES

In this study the relationship between the enzymatic susceptibility and the size of the com and cassava starch granules was studied. The starch granules were separated by size and classified according to their average diameter in: a) larger than 16 mum; b) between 15 and 10 mum and c) smaller than 10 mum. The starch granules of various sizes were hydrolyzed by bacterial alpha-amylase and fungal amyloglucosidase. The results showed a relationship between the enzymatic susceptibility and the size of the starch granules; smaller size of the starch granules resulted in a higher percentage of hydrolysis. A basic difference in the mode of action of enzymes on small and large granules was observed. Enzymatic attack on the large granules was characterized by considerable surface corrosion, mainly at the radial axis. For small granules, the enzymatic action occurred on the surface of the granules and was characterized by an erosion with solubilization of the granules. Chemical and physical analysis of the starches suggested that hydrolysis should occur mainly at the amorphous areas of the granules.

Determination of the probable ontogenic time of action of lethal factors on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a natural population

From the study of the genetic load of second chromosome factors in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, 15 lethal-bearing strains were recovered and maintained in the laboratory balanced against Ins (2L + 2R), Cy, L-4. For each lethal factor, the probable time of action during development was determined by the appearance of a sharp reduction, at any given stage, in the frequency of individuals compared to that expected in the absence of the lethal factor. Carried out in this way, the analysis suggested that seven were embryonic lethals, two larval lethals and three pupal lethals. Additionally, three gave no evidence of affecting any of the above-mentioned stages; these are interpreted as gametic lethals.

Study of the thermomechanical and electrical properties of conducting composites containing natural rubber and carbon black

This work describes the preparation and characterization of composite materials obtained by the combination of natural rubber (NR) and carbon black (CB) in different percentages, aiming to improve their mechanical properties, processability, and electrical conductivity, aiming future applications as transducer in pressure sensors. The composites NR/CB were characterized through optical microscopy (OM), DC conductivity, thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry (TGA), and stress-strain test. The electrical conductivity varied between 10(-9) and 10 S m(-1), depending on the percentage of CB in the composite. Furthermore, a linear (and reversible) dependence of the conductivity on the applied pressure between 0 and 1.6 MPa was observed for the sample with containing 80 wt % of NR and 20% of CB. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Influence of annealing on X-ray diffraction of natural alexandrite

In this work we present results of X-ray diffraction using powder method, on natural alexandrite samples from Minas Gerais State (Brazil), as a function of a sequence of annealing. From these measurements we determine lattice parameters before (a = 9.405 Angstrom, b = 5.471 Angstrom, c = 4.409 Angstrom) and after annealing, and its structure is confirmed as orthorhombic. Measurements done after an annealing of 15 minutes at 700 degreesC and for 5 hours at 1000 degreesC indicate the migration of atoms present in the sample through different phases, which were also identified by Microprobe Analysis (WDS). However we have verified that such migration does not modify the structure. X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out in conjunction with optical absorption in the UV-Vis as a function of annealing. (C) 2002 International Centre for Diffraction Data.

Mandibular skeletal growth and modelling between 10 and 15 years of age

This study pertains to a random sample of untreated French-Canadian adolescents (79 females and 107 males) evaluated at 10 and again at 15 years of age. Superimpositions on natural reference structures were performed to describe condylar growth and modelling of 11 mandibular landmarks. Superimpositions on natural cranial/cranial base reference structures were performed to describe mandibular displacement and true rotation.The results showed significant superior and posterior growth/modelling of the condyle and ramus. Males underwent significantly (P < 0.01) greater condylar growth and ramus modelling than females. With the exception of point B, which showed significant superior drift, modelling changes for the corpus landmarks were small and variable. The mandible rotated forward 2-3.3 degrees and was displaced 9.6-12.7 mm inferiorly and 1.9-2.7 mm anteriorly. Individual differences in ramus growth and modelling, both amount and direction, can be explained by mandibular rotation and displacements. Multivariate assessments revealed that superior condylar growth and ramus modelling were most closely associated with forward rotation and inferior mandibular displacement. Posterior growth and modelling were most closely correlated with anterior mandibular displacement and forward rotation. Modelling of the lower anterior border was independent of rotation and displacement.

New selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors designed from natural piperidine alkaloids

Five new piperidine alkaloids were designed from natural (-)-3-O-acetyl-spectaline and (-)-spectaline that were obtained from the flowers of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis, Leguminosae). Two semi-synthetic analogues (7 and 9) inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase, showing IC50 of 7.32 and 15.1 mu M, and were 21 and 9.5 times less potent against rat brain butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Compound 9 (1 mg/kg, ip) was fully efficacious in reverting scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. The two active compounds (7 and 9) did not show overt toxic effects at the doses tested in vivo. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Annealing effects on optical properties of natural alexandrite

Natural alexandrite (BeAl2O4:Cr3+) crystals are investigated as regards the effects of annealing on their optical properties. Optical absorption spectra are measured from the ultraviolet (190 nm) to the near infrared (900 nm), for a sample subjected to consecutive annealing processes, where time and temperature are varied. Besides this, luminescence spectra are simultaneously obtained for this sample, excited with a Kr+ laser source, tuned on an ultraviolet multi-line mode (337.5, 350.7 and 356.4 nm). We observe from absorption as well as from emission data that annealing mainly influences the distribution of Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions, located on sites of a mirror plane (C-s symmetry), which are responsible for the optical properties of alexandrite. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that annealing induces a modification of the population of Cr3+ on C-s sites as well as on sites located on an inversion plane (C-i). Annealing could improve the optical properties of this material, as regards its application as a tunable laser.