The future of patient safety: Surgical trainees accept virtual reality as a new training tool.

BACKGROUND: The use of virtual reality (VR) has gained increasing interest to acquire laparoscopic skills outside the operating theatre and thus increasing patients' safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate trainees' acceptance of VR for assessment and training during a skills course and at their institution. METHODS: All 735 surgical trainees of the International Gastrointestinal Surgery Workshop 2006-2008, held in Davos, Switzerland, were given a minimum of 45 minutes for VR training during the course. Participants' opinion on VR was analyzed with a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Fivehundred-twenty-seven participants (72%) from 28 countries attended the VR sessions and answered the questionnaires. The possibility of using VR at the course was estimated as excellent or good in 68%, useful in 21%, reasonable in 9% and unsuitable or useless in 2%. If such VR simulators were available at their institution, most course participants would train at least one hour per week (46%), two or more hours (42%) and only 12% wouldn't use VR. Similarly, 63% of the participants would accept to operate on patients only after VR training and 55% to have VR as part of their assessment. CONCLUSION: Residents accept and appreciate VR simulation for surgical assessment and training. The majority of the trainees are motivated to regularly spend time for VR training if accessible.

Laws of the territory of Iowa passed at the extra session of the legislative assembly : begun and held in the city of Burlington on the first Monday in July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty. 1840

The extra session of the 1840 legislative assembly listing all of the territorial laws of Iowa. The dates of approval of the acts are listed after each one and a brief index is included. This is the 1902 reprint by the Historical Department of Iowa.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1888 (22nd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Larrabee delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1902 (29nd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Shaw delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1904 (30th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Cummins delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1906 (31st General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Cummins delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1923 (40th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Kendall delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1927 (42nd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Hammill delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1929 (43rd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Hammill delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1931 (44th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Hammill delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1933 (45th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Turner delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1935 (46th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Herring delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1937 (47th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Herring delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1939 (48th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Kraschel delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1941 (49th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Wilson delivered at the State Capitol.