D��claration du Roy, qui permet �� la Compagnie des Indes Orientales de vendre les ��toffes des Indes qu'elle a re���� par ses vaisseaux, tant celles de soye pure que celles de soye mesl��e d'or & d'argent ... Donn��e �� Versailles le 9. May 1702

[Acte royal. 1702-05-09. Versailles]

Government Spending and Re-election

Does additional government spending improve the electoral chances of incumbent political parties? This paper provides the first quasi-experimental evidence on this question. Our research design exploits discontinuities in federal funding to local governments in Brazil around several population cutoffs over the period 1982-1985. We find that extra fiscal transfers resulted in a 20% increase in local government spending per capita, and an increase of about 10 percentage points in the re-election probability of local incumbent parties. We also find positive effects of the government spending on education outcomes and earnings, which we interpret as indirect evidence of public service improvements. Together, our results provide evidence that electoral rewards encourage incumbents to spend part of additional revenues on public services valued by voters, a finding in line with agency models of electoral accountability.

Excess Entry, Ambiguity Seeking, and Competence: An Experimental Investigation

Excess entry refers to the high failure rate of new entrepreneurial ventures. Economic explanations suggest 'hit and run' entrants and risk-seeking behavior. A psychological explanation is that people (entrepreneurs) are overconfident in their abilities (Camerer & Lovallo, 1999). Characterizing entry decisions as ambiguous gambles, we alternatively suggest following Heath and Tversky (1991) that people seek ambiguity when the source of uncertainty is related to their competence. Overconfidence, as such, plays no role. This hypothesis is confirmed in an experimental study that also documents the phenomenon of reference group neglect. Finally, we emphasize the utility that people gain from engaging in activities that contribute to a sense of competence. This is an important force in economic activity that deserves more explicit attention.

Commentarii super Aristotelem [dont: Isagoge (1-16v), Categoriae decem (19bis-54v)].

Ex-libris "S. Cornelii Compendiensis Congr. S. Mauri", suivi du chiffre 91B, XVIIe s., f. 1. Compi��gne.

Fulgentius, Mythologie, phisica expositio super XII libros eneidorum (16), expositio sermonum ad Calcidium (20 v��). - Pauli et Senece epistole (22 v��). - Xenia M. Valerii Martialis (23). - Honorius, philosophia mundi (26 v��). - Prologus quorumdam juridicorum tractatuum (54 v��). - Ex Ausonio (55). -

Cordeliers.

Expositio Alani de Rupe super regulam b. Augustini.

Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honor��.

Essays on the principles and adoption of entreprise-wide architecture

Enterprise-wide architecture has become a necessity for organizations to (re)align information technology (IT) to changing business requirements. Since a city planning metaphor inspired enterprise-wide architecture, this dissertation's research axes can be outlined by similarities between cities and enterprises. Both are characterized as dynamic super-systems that need to address the evolving interest of various architecture stakeholders. Further, both should simultaneously adhere to a set of principles to guide the evolution of architecture towards the expected benefits. The extant literature on enterprise-wide architecture not only disregards architecture adoption's complexities but also remains vague about how principles guide architecture evolution. To bridge this gap, this dissertation contains three interrelated research streams examining the principles and adoption of enterprise-wide architecture. The first research stream investigates organizational intricacies inherent in architecture adoption. It characterizes architecture adoption as an ongoing organizational adaptation process. By analyzing organizational response behaviors in this adaptation process, it also identifies four archetypes that represent very diverse architecture approaches. The second research stream ontologically clarifies the nature of architecture principles along with outlining new avenues for theoretical contributions. This research stream also provides an empirically validated set of principles and proposes a research model illustrating how principles can be applied to generate expected architecture benefits. The third research stream examines architecture adoption in multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs are Specified by unique organizational characteristics that constantly strive for balancing global integration and local responsiveness. This research stream characterizes MNCs' architecture adoption as a continuous endeavor. This endeavor tries to constantly synchron ize architecture with stakeholders' beliefs about how to balance global integration and local responsiveness. To conclude, this dissertation provides a thorough explanation of a long-term journey in Which organizations learn over time to adopt an effective architecture approach. It also clarifies the role of principles to purposefully guide the aforementioned learning process. - L'Architecture d'Entreprise (AE) est devenue une n��cessit�� pour permettre aux organisations de (r��)aligner les technologies de l'information (TI) avec les changements en termes de besoins m��tiers. En se basant sur la m��taphore de la planification urbaine dont l'AE s'est inspir��e, cette dissertation peut ��tre pr��sent��e comme une comparaison entre les villes et les entreprises; les deux sont des super-syst��mes dynamiques ayant besoin de r��pondre aux int��r��ts d'acteurs divers et vari��s en constants ��volution. De plus, les deux devraient souscrire simultan��ment �� un ensemble de principes afin de faire converger l'��volution de l'architecture vers les b��n��fices attendus. La litt��rature sur l'AE, non seulement ne prend pas en consid��ration les complexit��s de l'adoption d'architecture, mais aussi reste vague sur la mani��re dont les principes guident l'��volution de l'architecture. Pour pallier ce manque, cette dissertation est compos��e de trois volets de recherche ��troitement li��s examinant les principes et l'adoption de l'AE. Le premier volet examine la complexit�� organisationnelle inh��rente �� l'adoption de l'architecture. Il caract��rise l'adoption de l'architecture en tant que processus d'adaptation continu. En analysant le comportement organisationnel en r��ponse �� ce processus d'adaptation, ce volet distingue quatre arch��types repr��sentant la diversit�� des approches de l'architecture. Le deuxi��me volet de recherche clarifie de mani��re ontologique la nature des principes d'architecture et envisage les contributions th��oriques futures possibles. Cet axe de recherche fournit aussi un ensemble de principes, valid��s de mani��re empirique, et propose un mod��le de recherche illustrant la mani��re dont ces principes peuvent ��tre appliqu��s afin de g��n��rer les b��n��fices attendus de l'architecture. Le troisi��me volet examine l'adoption de l'architecture dans les entreprises multinationales. Ces derni��res poss��dent des caract��ristiques organisationnelles uniques et sont constamment �� la recherche d'un ��quilibre entre une int��gration globale et une flexibilit�� locale tout en prenant en compte les convictions des divers acteurs sur la mani��re d'atteindre cet ��quilibre. Pour conclure, cette dissertation fournit une explication sur le long voyage au cours duquel les entreprises apprennent �� adopter une approche d'architecture efficace. Elle clarifie aussi le r��le des principes dans l'accompagnement de ce processus d'apprentissage.

M��lanome: une nouvette ��re th��rapeutique [Melanoma: a new therapeutic era].

Melanoma is the cancer with the fastest incidence increase in Switzerland. 30% of the cases arise before the age of 50 years. Once metastatic, the median survival under current systemic therapies is about 8 months, with less than 5% of patients alive at 5 years. Many efforts in the understanding of cellular biology, intracellular signaling pathways, as well as the role of cellular immunity have been made in the recent years. This has resulted in the development of novel and very promising therapies. In this review, we will cover the results obtained with targeted therapies such as "tyrosin kinase inhibitors" (TKI), as well as those obtained with a monoclonal antibody directed against the CTLA-4 receptor of lymphocytes.

Estudantes cabo-verdianos no Rio de Janeiro: identidades em (re)constru����o

Apesar de n��o ser a primeira op����o da maioria dos estudantes cabo-verdianos, o Brasil se configura como um importante p��lo de forma����o de recursos humanos qualificados para o arquip��lago. Mais de mil jovens j�� se instalaram no pa��s, que oferece baixo custo de vida e facilidade de idioma. No Rio de Janeiro, onde se concentrou a pesquisa, os estudantes se deparam com uma sociedade em transforma����o, em meio a uma ampla pol��tica de valoriza����o das identidades negra e africana. Tais pol��ticas, somadas ��s expectativas dos brasileiros em rela����o a manifesta����es de ���africanidade���, geram um impacto nesses jovens. Provenientes de um pa��s que atribui �� mesti��agem a especificidade da identidade nacional, parte dos entrevistados passou a se identificar como negro e africano, construindo um olhar cr��tico em rela����o a esse discurso. Como futura elite intelectual, cabe perguntar qual poder�� ser a influ��ncia dessa forma����o nos rumos do arquip��lago.

Women survivors of intimate partner violence: the difficult transition to independence

Objective To understand the trajectories that women go through from entering into to leaving relationships involving intimate partner violence (IPV), and identify the stages of the transition process. Method We utilized a constructivist paradigm based on grounded theory. We ensured that the ethical guidelines of the World Health Organization for research on domestic violence were followed. The analysis focused on narratives of 28 women survivors of IPV, obtained from in-depth interviews. Results The results showed that the trajectories experienced by women were marked by gender issues, (self) silencing, hope and suffering, which continued after the end of the IPV. Conclusion The transition process consists of four stages: entry - falls in love and becomes trapped; maintenance - silences own self, consents and remains in the relationship; decides to leave - faces the problems and struggles to be rescued; (re) balance - (re) finds herself with a new life. This (long) process was developed by wanting (and being able to have) self-determination.

Postilla super epistolas et evangelia : tam de tempore quam de sancti : per totum anni circulum ([Reprod.]) / Hugonis de Sancto Charo

Collection : French books before 1601 ; 66.1