Hydrographic measurements from C.S.S. Hudson Cruise 82-002, Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences No. 118, 112 pp (digital version)

This archive consists of the hydrographic data collected on Cruise 82-002 of C.S.S. Hudson, April 11 to May 2, 1982. 78 stations were occupied on a line running near 48°N from the mouth of the English Channel to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Pressure, temperature and salinity were measured by a Guildline digital CTP system. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, nitrate and phosphate were measured from water samples collected on the CTP upcasts. CTP and discrete bottle data and associated derived parameters are tabulated at standard levels. This is the digital version of the printed report (of 1989, see further details), published in 2006 with the information system Pangaea.

Fragmentación socio-territorial y calidad de vida urbana en Bahía Blanca

Desde este trabajo se pretende dar cuenta del deterioro de las condiciones de vida existentes de la población y de la fragmentación socio-espacial, a través de la aplicación de un Índice-resumen de Calidad de Vida para el aglomerado urbano de Bahía Blanca. Con este propósito se analizan las siguientes dimensiones: vivienda, educación, salud y ambiente, así como la combinación de las variables que participan en la configuración socio-espacial. De este modo, la investigación demuestra las fragmentaciones y diferenciación de áreas, plasmadas en profundas desigualdades en cuanto a condiciones habitacionales y disponibilidad de servicios públicos urbanos. La fuente de información para la medición de las diferencias de calidad de vida de la población bahiense corresponde a los datos del Censo 2001 en el nivel de radios censales y su tratamiento se realizó mediante la aplicación de REDATAM+SP. Además, se utilizó para la representación cartográfica un Sistema de Información Geográfica, lo que permitió un análisis intraurbano más detallado.

Fragmentación socio-territorial y calidad de vida urbana en Bahía Blanca

Desde este trabajo se pretende dar cuenta del deterioro de las condiciones de vida existentes de la población y de la fragmentación socio-espacial, a través de la aplicación de un Índice-resumen de Calidad de Vida para el aglomerado urbano de Bahía Blanca. Con este propósito se analizan las siguientes dimensiones: vivienda, educación, salud y ambiente, así como la combinación de las variables que participan en la configuración socio-espacial. De este modo, la investigación demuestra las fragmentaciones y diferenciación de áreas, plasmadas en profundas desigualdades en cuanto a condiciones habitacionales y disponibilidad de servicios públicos urbanos. La fuente de información para la medición de las diferencias de calidad de vida de la población bahiense corresponde a los datos del Censo 2001 en el nivel de radios censales y su tratamiento se realizó mediante la aplicación de REDATAM+SP. Además, se utilizó para la representación cartográfica un Sistema de Información Geográfica, lo que permitió un análisis intraurbano más detallado.

Fragmentación socio-territorial y calidad de vida urbana en Bahía Blanca

Desde este trabajo se pretende dar cuenta del deterioro de las condiciones de vida existentes de la población y de la fragmentación socio-espacial, a través de la aplicación de un Índice-resumen de Calidad de Vida para el aglomerado urbano de Bahía Blanca. Con este propósito se analizan las siguientes dimensiones: vivienda, educación, salud y ambiente, así como la combinación de las variables que participan en la configuración socio-espacial. De este modo, la investigación demuestra las fragmentaciones y diferenciación de áreas, plasmadas en profundas desigualdades en cuanto a condiciones habitacionales y disponibilidad de servicios públicos urbanos. La fuente de información para la medición de las diferencias de calidad de vida de la población bahiense corresponde a los datos del Censo 2001 en el nivel de radios censales y su tratamiento se realizó mediante la aplicación de REDATAM+SP. Además, se utilizó para la representación cartográfica un Sistema de Información Geográfica, lo que permitió un análisis intraurbano más detallado.

Respiration rates and electron transport system activities of copepod species obtained during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM17/3

Respiration rates and electron transport system (ETS) activities were measured in dominant copepod species from the northern Benguela upwelling system in January-February 2011 to assess the accuracy of the ETS assay in predicting in vivo respiration rates. Individual respiration rates varied from 0.06 to 1.60 µL O2/h/ind, while ETS activities converted to oxygen consumption ranged from 0.14 to 4.46 µL O2/h/ind. ETS activities were significantly correlated with respiration rates (r**2 = 0.79, p = 0.0001). R:ETS ratios were lowest in slow-moving Eucalanidae (0.11) and highest in diapausing Calanoides carinatus copepodids CV (0.76) while fast-moving copepods showed intermediate R:ETS (0.23-0.37). 82% of the variance of respiration rates could be explained by differences in dry mass, temperature and the activity level of different copepod species. Three regression equations were derived to calculate respiration rates for diapausing, slow- and fast-moving copepods, respectively, based on parameters such as body mass and temperature. Thus, knowledge about the activity level and behavioral characteristics of copepod species can significantly increase the predictive accuracy of metabolic models, which will help to better understand and quantify the impact of copepods on nutrient and carbon fluxes in marine ecosystems.

Respiration and ingestion rates of calanoid copepod in the northern Benguela Current System measured ex situ during the RSS Discovery D356 cruise in 2010

Respiration rates of 16 calanoid copepod species from the northern Benguela upwelling system were measured on board RRS Discovery in September/October 2010 to determine their energy requirements and assess their significance in the carbon cycle. Copepod species were sampled by different net types. Immediately after the hauls, samples were sorted to species and stages (16 species; females, males and C5 copepodids) according to Bradford-Grieve et al. (1999). Specimens were kept in temperature-controlled refrigerators for at least 12 h before they were used in experiments. Respiration rates of different copepod species were measured onboard by optode respirometry (for details see Köster et al., 2008) with a 10-channel optode respirometer (PreSens Precision Sensing Oxy-10 Mini, Regensburg, Germany) under simulated in situ conditions in temperature-controlled refrigerators. Experiments were run in gas-tight glass bottles (12-13 ml). For each set of experiments, two controls without animals were measured under exactly the same conditions to compensate for potential bias. The number of animals per bottle depended on the copepods size, stage and metabolic activity. Animals were not fed during the experiments but they showed natural species-specific movements. Immediately after the experiments, all specimens were deep-frozen at - 80 °C for later dry mass determination (after lyophilisation for 48 h) in the home lab. The carbon content (% of dry mass) of each species was measured by mass-spectrometry in association with stable isotope analysis and body dry mass was converted to units of carbon. For species without available carbon data, the mean value of all copepod species (44% dry mass) was applied. For the estimation of carbon requirements of copepod species, individual oxygen consumption rates were converted to carbon units, assuming that the expiration of 1 ml oxygen mobilises 0.44 mg of organic carbon by using a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.82 for a mixed diet consisting of proteins (RQ = 0.8-1.0), lipids (RQ = 0.7) and carbohydrates (RQ = 1.0) (Auel and Werner, 2003). The carbon ingestion rates were calculated using the energy budget and the potential maximum ingestion rate approach. To allow for physiological comparisons of respiration rates of deep- and shallow-living copepod species without the effects of ambient temperature and different individual body mass, individual respiration rates were temperature- (15°C, Q10=2) and size-adjusted. The scaling coefficient of 0.76 (R2=0.556) is used for the standardisation of body dry mass to 0.3 mg (mean dry mass of all analysed copepods), applying the allometric equation R= (R15°C/M0.76)×0.30.76, where R is respiration and M is individual dry mass in mg.

Abundance, Electron transport System (ETS) activity and respiration rates of pelagic decapods from the Benguela upwelling system during AFR258, D356 and MSM17/3

Decapods were sampled with a 1 m**2 MOCNESS (mainly upper 1000 m) in the northern Benguela Current during three cruises in December 2009, September/October 2010 and February 2011. Although pelagic decapods are abundant members of the micronekton community, information about their ecophysiology is very limited. Species-specific regional distribution limits were detected for various decapod species (e.g. Plesionika carinata, Sergestes arcticus, Pasiphaea semispinosa). Significant diel vertical migration patterns were determined for three caridean and three penaeiodean species. Biomass was variable and ranged from 23 to 2770 mg dry mass m**-2 with highest values for P. semispinosa. Fatty acid and stable isotope analyses revealed that the examined decapod species are omnivorous tocarnivorous except for the herbivorous to omnivorous species P. carinata. Calanid copepods such as Calanoides carinatus were identified as an important prey item especially for caridean species. Community consumption rates of pelagic decapods derived from respiration rates ranged from 7 mg C m**-2 d**-1 (231S) to 420 mg C m**-2 d**-1 (191S, 171S). A potential active respiratory carbon flux was calculated for migrating pelagic decapods with 4.4 mg C m**- d**-1 for the upper 200 m and with 2.6 mg C m**-2 d**-1 from the base of the euphotic zone to a depth of 600 m. Overall, pelagic decapods apparently play a more prominent role in the northern Benguela Current ecosystem than previously assumed and may exert a substantial predation impact on calanid copepods (up to 13% d**-1 of standing stock).