~(16)O + ~(28)Si全熔合激发函数研究及ΔE-E探测器系统的研制调试

ΔE-E望远镜探测器是用于重离子校反应测量的一种装置，它可以测量产物的电荷数和能量。在单路ΔE-E的基础上，我们研制了一路ΔE气体探测器和十路E金硅石垒探测器构成的多路ΔE-E望远镜探测系统。电离室窗直径为8cm，阴极到栅极距离为6cm，栅极到阳极距离为2cm，充入50的Ar(90%) + CH_4 (10%)气体，测得对~(241)Am的5.41Mev/α其能量分辩为13%。所用的十块金硅石垒探测器能量为1%左右。此系统可以同时测量22 °范围内的10个角度点，这对角分布测量将十分有利。该探测器系统对~(16)O + ~(12)C反应体的Z分辩约为6%，它可以清楚的分开C到Mg的各种元素。利用上述多路ΔE-E探测系统，我们测量了E_(16O) = 50Mev-90Mev的16_O束流轰击~RC、~(24)Mg、~(28)Si和~(32)S等四个体系校反应产物的角分布、能谱和激发函数。在测量激发函数时，我们选取能量步长为ΔE_(Lab) = 1Mev，以便观察振荡结构在角分布测量时，对于三个能量点，我们测量了5.1 °- 39 °范围内的13个角度点。由于时间限制，本毕业论文仅给出~(16)O + ~(28)Si反应的全熔合激发函数和角分布。并且运用G-M模型和Wiecki公式对全熔合截石进行了理论计算。从激发函曲线看，实验结果的平均趋势与G-M模型的理论结果符合的相当好，同时还发现了该体系全熔合截石随能量有规律的起伏，这种起伏具有公认的振荡结构和某些特征，因此这些起伏极有可能就是振荡结构

97MeV~(16)O + ~(51)V反应中α粒子发射机制研究

利用近物所1.7米回旋加速器加速出的97MeV的~(16)O束流轰击~(51)V靶，九组不同的望远镜系统用于对~(16)O + ~(51)V反应中击射α粒子进行单举测量及α粒子与类弹产物符合测量。所有的探测器组号通过电子学线路和近物原的MODAS 1数据获取系统以事件方式记录在磁带上，实现了42参数同时获取。与此同时，利用所提供的束流，完成了CsI(Tl)晶体phoswich探测器的调试工作，得到了好的结果。在VAX/11-780计算机上用PAX数据分析程序对实验数据进行离线分析，得到了α粒子单举能谱、角分布，E-O平面内d~2σ/dEαΩ等高图和速度平面内d_2σ/PCdEdΩ截面等高图；得到了复合核蒸发和直接α粒子发射的截面值。同时也得到了α粒子——类弹产物符合的α粒子能谱和前方向击射α粒子与类弹产物符合的两维能量联图。为了对直接机制中予平衡发射α粒子的贡献有一估计，用激子模型对~(16)O + ~(51)V反应系统进行了理论计算，得到了复合核蒸发及予平衡发射α粒子产额占总产额中所占的比份。实验结果和理论分析表明：除复合核蒸发和予平衡发射的贡献外，还有其它反应机制的存在。通过二体和三体运动学对所得到的符合实际数据进行分析，证明了类弹、类靶跟随发射和弹核破裂(break-up)机制的存在。综合所有的实际结果，我们认为：~(16)O + ~(51)V反应系统中α粒子主要采源于复合核的蒸发和予平衡发射机制，除此而外还应包括类弹、类靶发射和弹核破裂等反应机制的贡献

96 MEV能量下~(16)O + ~(94)Ni反应机制研究

The pro sectile-like fragments of ~(16)O + ~(64)Ni Reaction (Elab = 96 MeV) were measured by using ionization chamber telescopes. The countour plots of d~36/dndEdz in TKE-θ plane angular distribution integrating over different TKE window. The z-distribution and angular distributions of different fragments from He to O were obtained. The main mechanisms dominating in this reaction were discussed

黄土丘陵区林草景观界面土壤养分分布特征和空间变异性研究

通过对泾河流域林草景观界面的土壤养分测定,分析比较界面中养分的分布特征及空间变异性。结果表明:该流域内的土壤养分分布不平衡,除钾素含量(22.977～25.183 g.k-g1)富足外,其他养分含量都很低;林地内养分含量高于草地(有机质含量高16.310%;水解氮含量高19.570%),在界面上养分变化较大,林内和草地内养分变化较小;界面上养分时空差异不明显,而层次之间差异显著。无论是林地还是草地,土壤各养分的变化是确定性变异和随机性变异共同作用的结果,且确定性的变化规律往往控制一定范围内土壤养分的变化和分布。

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟铝联合中毒调查

目的查明内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒原因。方法在陈巴尔虎旗3个牧区嘎查随机抽取93名20~50岁牧民进行发、血清、尿含氟、铝水平测定,并拍摄前臂、小腿、骨盆正位及腰椎正侧位X线片,同时检测饮水、牛奶、砖茶等氟和铝水平,以扎兰屯市地方病防治研究所的34名23~50岁职工为对照组。结果陈巴尔虎旗牧民发、血清、尿及饮用的奶茶含铝量分别是(22.34±8.06)mg/kg、(1.13±0.48)mg/L、(3.78±1.62)mg/L、(6.02±1.77)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.21±0.63)mg/kg、(0.092±0.042)mg/L、(2.08±1.16)mg/L、(3.00±1.11)mg/L,饮水、牛奶含铝量分别是(39±16)μg/L、(0.553±0.179)mg/L,含氟量分别是(0.50±0.39)、(0.063±0.032)mg/L;对照组发、血清、尿铝分别是(5.80±2.14)mg/kg,(0.203±0.101)mg/L、(2.19±1.34)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.17±0.68)mg/kg、(0.033±0.008)mg/L、(0.57±0.32)mg/L,牧民发、血清、尿铝及血清、尿氟均高于对照组(P<0.001)。牧民X线改变硬化型22.2%(20/88),疏松型37.5%(33/88),退行性变86.4%(79/88),对照组退行性变13.3%(4/30),其余改变未检出。结论陈巴尔虎旗牧区饮茶型氟中毒实际为饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒。

Pyrazine-containing Acene-Type Molecular Ribbons with up to 16 Rectilinearly Arranged Fused Aromatic Rings

A series of acene-type conjugated molecules(1-5) containing 2-6 pyrazine units and up to 16 rectilinearly arranged fused aromatic rings were synthesized by condensation coupling of 1,2-diamines and 1,2-diketones. The energy gap of the molecules estimated from absorption edge decreases with an increase in molecular length, indicating the well-delocalized nature of the molecules. The cyclic voltarnmetry measurements suggest that the n-type properties of these ribbonlike pyrazine derivatives are dependent on the molecular length and the number of the pyrazine units.

16-O-去甲基乌头碱的生物转化及电喷雾质谱研究

采用乌头碱和人肠内细菌体外温孵的方法,探讨乌头碱在肠内的生物转化规律.乌头类生物碱在ESI正离子模式条件下形成质子化分子[M+H]+,利用离子阱电喷雾串联质谱和傅立叶离子回旋共振电喷雾串联质谱方法可以直接分析乌头碱的转化产物.本文首次报道了乌头碱在人肠内菌群环境中产生16-O-去甲基乌头碱,16-O-去甲基乌头碱可进一步被肠内细菌转化,通过脱乙酰基、脱苯甲酰基、脱甲基、脱羟基以及酯化反应,产生新型的单酯型、双酯型和20余种脂类生物碱等转化产物.

Assembly of 'discrete' (H2O)(16) water clusters within a supramolecular compound of calixarene

A 'discrete' (H2O)(16) cluster, featuring four basic cyclic nine-membered rings and a twelve-membered ring, illustrates a new mode of supramolecular association of water molecules.

Sulphonated Tetramethyl Poly(ether ether ketone)/Epoxy/Sulphonated Phenol Novolac Semi-IPN Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The sulphonated phenol novolac (PNBS) which was used as a curing agent of epoxy was synthesised from phenol novolac (PN) and 1,4-butane sultone and confirmed by FTIR and H-1 NMR. The degree of sulphonation (DS) in PNBS was calculated by H-1 NMR. The semi-IPN membranes composed of sulphonated tetramethyl poly(ether ether ketone) (STMPEEK) (the value of ion exchange capacity is 2.01 meq g(-1)), epoxy (TMBP) and PNBS were successfully prepared. The semi-IPN membranes showed high thermal properties which were measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) With the introduction of the corss-linked TMBP/PNBS, the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, methanol resistance and oxidative stability of the membranes were improve in comparison to the pristine STMPEEK membrane.

Organic-inorganic hybrid material for the cells immobilization: Long-term viability mechanism and application in BOD sensors

In this paper, organic-inorganic hybrid material, which is composed of silica and the grafting copolymer of poly (vinyl alcohol) and 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-P(4-VP)), was employed to immobilize Trichosporon cutaneum strain 2.570 cells. Cells entrapped into the hybrid material were found to keep a long-term viability. The mechanism of such a long-term viability was investigated by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Our studies revealed that arthroconidia produced in the extracellular material might play an important role in keeping the long-term viability of the immobilized microorganism. After the arthroconidia were activated, an electrochemical biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor based on cell/hybrid material-modified supporting membrane was constructed for verifying the proposed mechanism.

Architectures of Strontium Hydroxyapatite Microspheres: Solvothermal Synthesis and Luminescence Properties

Strontium hydroxyapatite (Sr-5(PO4)(3)OH, SrHAp) microspheres with 3D architectures have been successfully prepared through a efficient and facile solvothermal process. The experimental results indicate that the SrHAP microspheres are composed of a large amount of nanosheets, which are assembled in a radial form from the center to the surface of the microspheres. The as-obtained SrHAp samples show an intense and bright blue emission from 350 to 570 nm centered at 427 nm (CIE coordinates: x = 0.153, y = 0.081; lifetime: 9.2 ns; quantum efficiency: 31%) under long-wavelength UV light excitation (344 nm). This blue emission might result from the CO2 center dot- radical impurities in the crystal lattice. Furthermore, the surfactants CTAB and trisodium citrate have an obvious impact on the morphologies and the luminescence properties of the products, respectively.

Direct patterning of negative nanostructures on self-assembled monolayers of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid on Au(111) substrate via dip-pen nanolithography

Both bare and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) protected gold substrate could be etched by allyl bromide according to atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICPMS) analysis results. With this allyl bromide ink material, negative nanopatterns could be fabricated directly by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) on SAMs of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) on Au(111) substrate. A tip-promoted etching mechanism was proposed where the gold-reactive ink could penetrate the MHA resist film through tip-induced defects resulting in local corrosive removal of the gold substrate. The fabrication mechanism was also confirmed by electrochemical characterization, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and fabrication of positive nanopatterns via a used DPN tip.

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物23.两亲聚合物PAMC_(16)S对螺口恶嗪化学和物理行为的影响

研究了两亲聚合物聚 (2 -丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸 ) (PAMC16S)存在下 1 -乙基 -3 ,3 -二甲基螺 [吲哚啉 -萘并口恶嗪 ](SO -E)在水溶液中的增溶作用及PAMC16S对SO -E化学和光化学性质的影响。PAMC16S明显增加了SO -E在水相的溶解性 ,SO -E的最大增溶浓度随PAMC16S浓度增加呈线性增加规律。在PAMC16S存在下 ,新配制的SO -E溶液显示可逆的光致变色性 ,显色体呈红色 ,最大吸收峰位于 5 2 0nm ,在室温下的消色反应速度明显慢于无PAMC16S存在下的兰色显色体。SO -E/PAMC16S溶液是不稳定的 ,配制后较长时间即失去SO -E的正常光致变色性质。盐酸具有与PAMC16S相似的作用 ,SO -E/PAMC16S体系的不稳定性可用氨水中和的方法解决。1H -NMR结果表明SO -E在酸性介质中发生了不可逆的化学反应。

Infrared spectra and VUV excitation properties of BaLnB(9)O(16): Re (Ln = La, Gd; Re = Eu, Tb)

The infrared spectra of BaLnB(9)O(16):Re, along with the VUV excitation spectra, have been measured. The spectra were tentatively interpreted in terms of the data on absorptions of the borate groups and band structure. It was observed that there are absorption due to BO3 and BO4 groups, indicating that there are BO3 and BO4 groups in BaLnB(9)O(16). It is found that absorption of the borate groups is located in the range from 120 to 170 mn. This result reveals that there is an energy transfer from host to the rare earth ions. It also observed that the energy of charge transfer band, the host absorption, the total crystal field splitting of d-levels of Tb3+ increase with the decrease in the Ln(3+) radius. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.