Radiogenic isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea: water mass exchange and precessional variability during the Messinian

During the late Miocene, exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean changed dramatically, culminating in the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Understanding Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange at that time could answer the enigmatic question of how so much salt built up within the Mediterranean, while furthering the development of a framework for future studies attempting to understand how changes may have impacted global thermohaline circulation. Due to their association with specific water masses at different scales, radiogenic Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope records were generated from various archives contained within marine deposits to endeavour to understand better late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange. The archives used include foraminiferal calcite (Sr), fish teeth and bone (Nd), dispersed authigenic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides (Nd, Pb), and a ferromanganese crust (Pb). The primary focus is on sediments preserved at one end of the Betic corridor, a gateway that once connected the Mediterranean to the Atlantic through southern Spain, although other locations are investigated. The Betic gateway terminated within several marginal sub-basins before entering the Western Mediterranean; one of these is the Sorbas Basin, a well-studied location whose sediments have been astronomically tuned at high temporal resolution, providing the necessary age control for sub-precessional resolution records. Since the climatic history of the Mediterranean is strongly controlled by precessional changes in regional climate, the aim was to produce records at high (sub-precessional) temporal resolution, to be able to observe clearly any precessional cyclicity driven by regional climate which could be superimposed over longer trends. This goal was achieved for all records except the ferromanganese crust record. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope record (Ch. 3) shows precessional frequency excursions away from the global seawater curve. As precessional frequency oscillations are unexpected for this setting, a numerical box model was used to determine the mechanisms causing the excursions. To enable parameterisation of model variables, regional Sr characteristics, data from general circulation model HadCM3L, and new benthic foraminiferal assemblage data are employed. The model results imply that the Sorbas Basin likely had a positive hydrologic budget in the late Miocene, very different to that of today. Moreover, the model indicates that the mechanism controlling the Sr isotope ratio of Sorbas Basin seawater was not restriction, but a lack of density-driven exchange with the Mediterranean. Beyond improving our understanding of how marginal Mediterranean sub-basins may evolve different isotope signatures, these results have implications for astronomical tuning and stratigraphy in the region, findings which are crucial considering the geological and climatic history of the late Miocene Mediterranean is based entirely on marginal deposits. An improved estimate for the Nd isotope signature of late Miocene Mediterranean Outflow (MO) was determined by comparing Nd isotope signatures preserved in the deeper Alborán Sea at ODP Site 978 with literature data as well as the signature preserved in the Sorbas Basin (Ch. 4; -9.34 to -9.92 ± 0.37 εNd(t)). It was also inferred that it is unlikely that Nd isotopes can be used reliably to track changes in circulation within the shallow settings characteristic of the Mediterranean-Atlantic connections; this is significant in light of a recent publication documenting corridor closure using Nd isotopes. Both conclusions will prove useful for future studies attempting to understand changes in Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange. Excursions to high values, with precessional frequency, are also observed in the radiogenic Pb isotope record for the Sorbas Basin (Ch. 5). Widening the scope to include locations further away from the gateways, records were produced for late Miocene sections on Sicily and Northern Italy, and similar precessional frequency cyclicity was observed in the Pb isotope records for these sites as well. Comparing these records to proxies for Saharan dust and available whole rock data indicates that, while further analysis is necessary to draw strong conclusions, enhanced dust production during insolation minima may be driving the observed signal. These records also have implications for astronomical tuning; peaks in Pb isotope records driven by Saharan dust may be easier to connect directly to the insolation cycle, providing improved astronomical tuning points. Finally, a Pb isotope record derived using in-situ laser ablation performed on ferromanganese crust 3514-6 from the Lion Seamount, located west of Gibraltar within the MO plume, has provided evidence that plume depth shifted during the Pliocene. The record also suggests that Pb isotopes may not be a suitable proxy for changes in late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange, since the Pb isotope signatures of regional water masses are too similar. To develop this record, the first published instance of laser ablation derived 230Thexcess measurements are combined with 10Be dating.

Response of Core Microbial Consortia to Chronic Hydrocarbon Contaminations in Coastal Sediment Habitats

Traditionally, microbial surveys investigating the effect of chronic anthropogenic pressure such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminations consider just the alpha and beta diversity and ignore the interactions among the different taxa forming the microbial community. Here, we investigated the ecological relationships between the three domains of life (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) using 454 pyrosequencing on the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes from chronically impacted and pristine sediments, along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion, Vermillion coast, Corsica, Bizerte lagoon and Lebanon) and the French Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay and English Channel). Our approach provided a robust ecological framework for the partition of the taxa abundance distribution into 859 core Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 6629 satellite OTUs. OTUs forming the core microbial community showed the highest sensitivity to changes in environmental and contaminant variations, with salinity, latitude, temperature, particle size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC) and PAH concentrations as main drivers of community assembly. The core communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria for Bacteria, by Thaumarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota and Thermoplasmata for Archaea and Metazoa and Dinoflagellata for Eukarya. In order to find associations among microorganisms, we generated a co-occurrence network in which PAHs were found to impact significantly the potential predator – prey relationship in one microbial consortium composed of ciliates and Actinobacteria. Comparison of network topological properties between contaminated and non-contaminated samples showed substantial differences in the network structure and indicated a higher vulnerability to environmental perturbations in the contaminated sediments.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósito a partir da borra da piaçava para construção da parábola de um fogão solar a concentração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A influência da Ansiedade nas Competências dos Alunos da Academia Militar: Estudo de caso dos Exercício Finais - Leão 15

O presente estudo subordinado ao tema “A influência da Ansiedade nas Competências dos Alunos da Academia Militar: Estudo de caso dos Exercício Finais - Leão 15”, tem como principal finalidade identificar e quantificar a influência da ansiedade nas competências de liderança dos Cadetes-Alunos da Academia Militar. Contribuindo assim, para o reconhecimento das competências influenciadas pela ansiedade e a sua perceção no desempenho, mais propriamente na Informação Comportamental do Aluno. No estudo foi implementado um inquérito constituído por algumas questões de caráter sociodemográfico, um questionário de competências de liderança e um questionário de medição de ansiedade – STAI. Foi aplicado a um grupo de 165 Cadetes-Alunos da Academia, sendo 95 do 4º Ano Escolar e 80 do 1º Ano Escolar. De salientar que este inquérito foi realizado duas vezes: antes e depois do Exercício Leão 15. Com base nas respostas dadas, criou-se uma base de dados em Microsoft Excel, à qual se acrescentaram as notas de Informação Comportamental dos Aluno, e procedeu-se ao seu tratamento e análise estatística, com recurso ao Statistical Package for Social Sciences. (SPSS) Dos resultados obtidos identificaram-se várias diferenças significativas entre os níveis de ansiedade e as competências de liderança, relativamente ao género, ano escolar, curso, ao desporto mais praticado e ao período em análise do Exercício Leão 15 das quais se realçam: o género feminino revelou maior índice de ansiedade no período anterior ao Exercício; o 1ºAno Escolar revelou maior índice de ansiedade estado em ambos os períodos; o curso de EXE-Engenharias revelou maior ansiedade estado e ansiedade traço no período antes do Exercício e os alunos que praticam mais frequentemente desporto coletivo revelam maior Ansiedade Estado no período depois do Exercício Leão 15. Assinalaram-se ainda correlações significativas entre a ansiedade, as competências de liderança e a nota da Informação Comportamental dos Aluno com valores mais elevados nas seguintes: “trabalho de equipa e coesão”; “flexibilidade e adaptabilidade”; “autocontrolo” e “influência e referência”. Com o objetivo de procurar identificar e quantificar as competências mais influenciadas pela ansiedade, concluiu-se que as médias de ansiedade como variável preditora é maior nas competências: “flexibilidade e adaptabilidade”, “capacidade de resolver problemas”, “reconhecimento, feedback positivo e valorização”, “aptidão técnico profissional”, “gestão de conflitos e negociação”, “transparência”, “comunicação assertiva”, “comunicação” e “relações interpessoais”.

A primeira tradução de o leão e a joia, de Wole Soyinka, para o português do Brasil : análise descritiva da oralidade

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2016.

The importance of marine subsidies for terrestrial consumers in coastal Peru

The Peruvian coast is one the best examples of cross-ecosystem food web exchanges, in which resources from one of the richest marine ecosystems subsidize consumers in one of the driest deserts on Earth. Marine subsidies are resources that originate in the marine ecosystem, and that contribute to increase the density of consumers in the recipient ecosystem. I examined the effects of marine subsidies on animal populations in the Peruvian coastal desert. I combined several approaches to study the linkages between marine resources and terrestrial consumers, such as surveying the spatial distribution and estimating the relative abundance of terrestrial consumers, studying the diet of geckos and lizards through stomach content analyses, and examining the desert food web with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses. I found that the distribution and diet of desert consumers were tightly coupled to the availability of marine subsidies. I revealed linkages along two pathways of nutrient fluxes: tidal action that washes ashore macroalgae and cadavers of marine organisms, and animal transport in places where pinnipeds and seabirds congregate for reproduction. In the first pathway, intertidal algivivores made marine resources available to terrestrial consumers by moving between the intertidal and supratidal zone. The relative contribution of terrestrial and algal carbon sources varied among terrestrial consumers, because scorpions assimilated a lower proportion of energy from macroalgae than did geckos and solifuges. In the second pathway, I found that pinniped colonies influenced the diet of desert consumers, and contributed to support large populations of lizards and geckos. By combining field observations, and stomach and stable isotope analyses, I constructed a simplified food web for a large sea lion colony, showing the number of trophic levels that originate from pinniped-derived nutrients. My study demonstrates the enormous importance of marine resources for the diet of desert consumers. The near absence of rainfall along the Peruvian coast promotes an extreme dependence of terrestrial consumers on marine resources, and causes permanent food web effects that are affected by temporal variability in marine productivity, rather then temporal patterns of desert plant growth.

Thermal reference points as an index for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals

BACKGROUND Monitoring body temperature is essential in veterinary care as minor variations may indicate dysfunction. Rectal temperature is widely used as a proxy for body temperature, but measuring it requires special equipment, training or restraining, and it potentially stresses animals. Infrared thermography is an alternative that reduces handling stress, is safer for technicians and works well for untrained animals. This study analysed thermal reference points in five marine mammal species: bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas); Patagonian sea lion (Otaria flavescens); harbour seal (Phoca vitulina); and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). RESULTS The thermogram analysis revealed that the internal blowhole mucosa temperature is the most reliable indicator of body temperature in cetaceans. The temperatures taken during voluntary breathing with a camera held perpendicularly were practically identical to the rectal temperature in bottlenose dolphins and were only 1 °C lower than the rectal temperature in beluga whales. In pinnipeds, eye temperature appears the best parameter for temperature control. In these animals, the average times required for temperatures to stabilise after hauling out, and the average steady-state temperature values, differed according to species: Patagonian sea lions, 10 min, 31.13 °C; harbour seals, 10 min, 32.27 °C; Pacific walruses, 5 min, 29.93 °C. CONCLUSIONS The best thermographic and most stable reference points for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals are open blowhole in cetaceans and eyes in pinnipeds.

Déterminants de la distribution subcellulaire et tissulaire de médicaments cationiques lysosomotropiques et leur effet antiprolifératif

La concentration des médicaments cationiques dans les compartiments acides de la cellule est bien connue. Nous avons tenté d’expliquer davantage certains aspects encore inconnus au sujet de cette réaction cellulaire. En premier lieu, nous avons étudié l’accumulation subcellulaire et in vivo d’un médicament cationique fluorescent, la quinacrine, dans un modèle murin. L’accumulation cellulaire de la quinacrine dans les fibroblastes dermiques de souris induisait une inhibition du flux autophagique, ainsi qu’une lysosomogénèse. L’administration de la quinacrine in vivo démontrait une distribution hétérogène et une augmentation autophagique et lysosomale dans les poumons. En deuxième lieu, l’effet cytostatique et cytotoxique d’une série de médicaments cationiques lysosomotropiques furent étudiés dans une série de lignées cellulaires. Une série de 6 triéthylamines substituées furent choisies afin d’étudier davantage l’effet cytostatique de l’ion trapping. L’accumulation du marqueur autophagique LC3 II, le marqueur apoptotique PARP1, la cytotoxicité, le cycle cellulaire et la fonction endocytose furent étudiés plus en détails dans la lignée tumorale U937. Chacun des médicaments cationiques démontrait un effet antiprolifératif significatif, mais aucun signe de cytotoxicité n’était observé à certains niveaux de concentrations. Un cotraitement avec les inhibiteurs de cholestérol, β-cyclodextrine et lovastatine, renversait partiellement l’effet antiprolifératif des amines. L’intensité de l’effet antiprolifératif induit par les médicaments cationiques est clairement prédite par leur puissance de l’inhibition du flux autophagique et par la liposolubilité. L’accumulation tissulaire de la quinacrine et l’effet cytostatique prédit par l’inhibition du flux autophagique et par la liposolubilité des amines substituées offre des possibilités d’application dans le domaine de l’oncologie et de la pharmacocinétique des nombreux médicaments concernés.

Etapas de cambio comportamental frente al consumo de drogas ilegales, tabaco y alcohol en escolares de 9 a 17 años de Bogotá – Colombia

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue describir estadísticamente las etapas de cambio comportamental frente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas –SPA– (alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales) en escolares entre 9 y 17 años de Bogotá- Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 6.965 niños y adolescentes entre 9 y 17 años, pertenecientes a 24 instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá - Colombia. La medición de los procesos de cambio propuestos por el Modelo Transteórico (MTT), aplicados al consumo de drogas, tabaco y alcohol se aplicaron de manera auto-diligenciada mediante un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: De la muestra evaluada, el 58,4% fueron mujeres con un promedio de edad 12,74 ± 2.38 años. En la población en general, frente al consumo de drogas, el 6% de los escolares se encontraban en etapa de pre-contemplación, 44 % en contemplación; 30% en preparación/acción, 20% en mantenimiento. Con relación al consumo de alcohol, el 5% de los niños y adolescentes se encontraban en etapa de pre-contemplación, 36 % en contemplación; 12% en preparación/acción, 46% en mantenimiento. Frente al tabaco, el 4% de los niños y adolescentes se encontraban en etapa de pre-contemplación, 33 % en contemplación; 12% en preparación/acción, 51% en mantenimiento. Conclusiones: En los escolares evaluados, un importante porcentaje se ubica en la etapa de mantenimiento frente a la intención de consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Frente al consumo de drogas ilegales los niños y adolescentes están en la etapa de contemplación. Se requieren esfuerzos mayores para fomentar programas preventivos que enseñen sobre el riesgo del abuso/dependencia de este tipo de sustancias psicoactiva sobre la salud; dándole prioridad en las agendas y políticas públicas dentro del ámbito escolar.