Studies on freezing and storage of Psenopsis cyanea

The freezing and storage characteristics of Psenopsis cyanea caught on board FORV Sagar Sampada from a depth of 350 m off Cochin are reported. The fat content of the fish was high (15.58% on the weight of whole fish) and the meat was white in colour. Peroxide value, free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid values increased during frozen storage and organoleptically the fish was acceptable up to 32 weeks at -22 ± 1°C.

Comparison the nutritional value of cultured Penaeus vanname with marine shrimps Penaeus merguiensis and Penaeus semisulcatus

The purpose for which this study was intended wasto compare nutritive value among the farmed Vannamei, sea Green Tiger and Banana shrimps native to the PersianGulf. To provide the samples of farmed shrimps at the end of the farming season (Oct. 23rd through Nov. 22nd of 2011), we chosen one farm of the Holleh Shrimp Farming, from which 100 shrimps were randomly selected. From among these 100 shrimps, 3 to 5 ones were taken to conduct an analysis upon. Further, to obtain the Banana and Green Tiger shrimps sampling was done at the fishing season (July 23rd through Aug. 22rd of 2011) at Halileh Fishing Wharf located in Bushehr Fishing Harbor and also Bandar Abbas Wharf. The samples obtained were immediately kept in the ice powder. After some biometric tasks done upon them, they were at the shortest possible time transferred to a laboratory where they went through various experiments to determine their content of raw protein, fat, ash, moisture, various fatty acids and their types, cholesterol, vitamins A and E, and such mineral elements as iron and calcium. All the experimentswere carried out three times to establish confidence in the results to be obtained. Findings of the comparison showed the content of raw protein, fat, moisture, and ash of, respectively, 23.233%, 600%, 73.077% and 2.500% for the Vannamei samples, of 22.717%, 427%, 74.133% and 1.826% for our Banana shrimps and of 17.377%, 430%, 79.866% and 1.313% for the Green Tiger samples. A total of 24 fatty acids for the Vannamei shrimps and 27 for the Banana and Green Tiger were detected. SFA of the Banana shrimps was 368.45 mg/100g (51.76%), while those of the Vannamei and Green Tiger samples were observed, respectively, 363.54 mg/100g (37.26%) and 296.06 mg/100g (49.12%).A similar measurement for MUFA content of the three types of our samples revealed 243.85mg/100g (24.9%) for the Vannamei, 203.177 mg/100g (33.76%) for the Green Tiger and 179.033 mg/100g (25.14%) for the Banana shrimps. The content of PUFA unsaturated fatty acids in the Vannamei, 131 Green Tiger and Banana samples were, respectively, 370.660 mg/100g (37.84%), 101.573 mg/100g (16.9%) and 163.733 mg/100g (23.1%). Further, the comparison found a omega-3-fatty-acids total of 151.747 mg/100g(15.51%) for the Vannamei, 57.123 mg/100g (9.54%) for the Green Tiger and 130.460 mg/100g (18.46%) for the Banana species under study.

Application of combined effect of sodium acetate and nisin on reduction of contamination by Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum packaged grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets kept at 4°C

In this study microbiological , chemical quality and fatty acid composition of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets treated by dipping in sodium acetate (%1 and %3), nisin (% 0.1 and % 0.2) and combination of sodium acetate and nisin was evaluated during 16 days of refrigerated of 4°C Antilisterial effect of nisin was enhanced with the increased concentration of sodium acetate. At day 12 post storage, Listeria monocytogenese count was higher in the control group than the recommended value, however in sodium acetate and nisin treated samples, the count was lower (5.17-5.91 log cfu/g). With increasing the concentrations of sodium acetate, mesophilic counts were lower. Regarding nisin, better results was obtained by applying %0.1 nisin. Greater inhibition of mesophile bacteria was observed when combination treatment was used. The number of lactobacillus was lower when higher concentrations of sodium acetate and nisin were used. Total Volatile Nitrogen values at the end of the experiment were lower in the samples treated with both nisin and sodium acetate and the better results were obtained in combination treatments. Peroxide (PV) at the end of the experiment was 1.9 meq/kg in control, and the lowest values were observed for the treatments 3(%0 sodium acetate +% 0.2 nisin) and 9(%3 sodium acetate +% 0.2 nisin) between 1.08 and 1.62 meq/kg without significant difference. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels at the end of experiment have been shown to be 0.46 mg malonaldehyde per kg in the control. On the other hand treatments 9 had the TBA values of 0.19 mg malonaldehyde per kg which was significantly lower than that of control. Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by increasing the sodium acetate doses and instead saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. The ratio of UFA/SFA and also C22:6/C16:0 increased when a higher concentration of sodium acetate has been used. The best result obtained by using 3% of sodium acetate but no such relation with nisin was observed.

Dicarboxylic acids；ketocarboxylic acids；and dicarbonyls in the urban atmosphere of China

IEECAS SKLLQG

One-pot synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids and multihydroxyl secondary Amines

A convenient and cost-effective strategy for synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids (A(2)) and multihydroxyl secondary amine (CB2) has been developed. By optimizing the conditions of model reactions, the AB(2)-type intermediates were formed dominantly during the initial reaction stage. Without any purification, the AB(2) intermediate was subjected to thermal polycondensation in the absence of any catalyst to prepare the aliphatic and semiaromatic hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s bearing multi-hydroxyl end-groups.

Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids and multihydroxyl primary amines

A new method for syntheses of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available A(2) and CBx type monomers has been developed on the basis of a series of model reactions. The aliphatic and semiaromatic hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s with multihydroxyl end groups are prepared by in situ thermal polycondensation of intermediates obtained from dicarboxylic acids (A(2)) and multihydroxyl primary amines (CBx) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Analyses of FTIR, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR spectra revealed the structures of the polymers obtained. The MALDI-TOF MS of the polymers indicated that cyclization side reactions occurred during polymerization. The hyperbranched poly(ester-amide) s contain configurational isomers observed by C-13 and DEPT C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The DBs of the polymers were determined to be 0.38-0.62 by H-1 NMR or quantitive C-13 NMR and DEPT 135 spectra. These polymers exhibit moderate molecular weights, with broad distributions determined by size exclusion chromatography ( SEC), and possess excellent solubility in a variety of solvents such as N, N- dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol, and display glass-transition temperatures (T(g)s) between -2.3 and 53.2 degrees C, determined by DSC measurements.

Buildup of gold nanoparticle multilayer thin films based on the covalent-bonding interaction between boronic acids and polyols

A novel method for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle multilayer films based on the covalent-bonding interaction between boronic acid and polyols, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), was developed. The multilayer buildup was monitored by UV-vis absorbance, spectroscopy, which showed a linear increase of the film absorbance with the number of adsorbed Au layers and indicated the stepwise and uniform assembling process. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) image showed that a compact gold multilayer thin film was successfully assembled. The residual boronic acid group on the surface of thin film Could incorporate glycosylated-protein horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and good catalytic activity for H2O2 could be observed.

Effects of heteropoly acids and surfactant on electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2 '-bipyridine) ruthenium(II)

The effects of heteropoly acids and Triton X-100 on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) are investigated. Triton X-100 prevents the oxidation of oxalate and results in an increase of the ECL signal. H5SiW11VO40 prevents the direct oxidation of oxalate and makes the electrochemical behavior of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) less reversible, which leads to a decrease of the ECL signal. In contrast, H3PMo12O40 has negligible effect on ECL intensity. Some possible reasons for the effects on the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) are discussed based on the adsorption of SiW11VO405- on electrode surface and the ion association between SiW11VO405- and Ru(bpy)(3)(2+). The signal of ECL decreases linearly with the concentration of heteropoly acid in the range from 2x10-6 to 1x10(-4) mol l(-1). The results indicate that ECL of RU(bpy)(3)(2+) is a potential sensitive and selective detection method for heteropoly acids and hence for the elements comprised in them.

Intramolecular energy transfer mechanism between ligands in ternary rare earth complexes with aromatic carboxylic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline

A series of binary and ternary rare earth (Gd, Eu, Tb) complexes with aromatic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized. The lowest triplet state energies of ligands have been obtained by measuring the phosphorescence spectra of binary gadolinium complexes. By comparing the phosphorescence spectra of binary complexes with those of ternary ones, it is found that there exists another intramolecular energy transfer process from the aromatic acids to 1,10-phenanthroline besides the intramolecular energy transfer process between the aromatic acids and the central rare earth ions. The intramolecular energy transfer efficiencies have been calculated by determining phosphorescence lifetimes of binary and ternary gadolinium complexes. The luminescence properties of corresponding europium and terbium complexes are in agreement with the prediction based on energy transfer mechanism. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic study of luminescence and energy transfer of binary and ternary complexes of rare earth with aromatic carboxylic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline

A series of rare earth (Gd, Eu, Tb) complexes with different substituent group carboxylic acids (ortho-hydroxylbenzioc acid, ortho-aminobenzoic acid and ortho-methoxy benzoic acid) and 1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized. The spectroscopic studies of the photophysical properties such as luminescence properties, energy match and intramolecular energy transfer were carried out. The lowest triplet state energies of ligands and the intramolecular energy transfer efficiencies were determined with the measurement of low phosphorescence spectra and lifetimes of Gd complexes.