{C}^0$ penalty methods for the fully nonlinear Monge-Ampère equation

In this paper, we develop and analyze C(0) penalty methods for the fully nonlinear Monge-Ampere equation det(D(2)u) = f in two dimensions. The key idea in designing our methods is to build discretizations such that the resulting discrete linearizations are symmetric, stable, and consistent with the continuous linearization. We are then able to show the well-posedness of the penalty method as well as quasi-optimal error estimates using the Banach fixed-point theorem as our main tool. Numerical experiments are presented which support the theoretical results.

Improved Analysis Method for Wave-Induced Pipeline Stability on Sandy Seabed

The existing Det Norske Veritas DNV Recommended Practice RP E305 for pipeline on-bottom stability is mainly based on the pipe–soil interaction model reported by Wagner et al. in 1987, and the wake model reported by Lambrakos et al. in 1987, to calculate the soil resistance and the hydrodynamic forces upon pipeline, respectively. Unlike the methods in the DNV Practice, in this paper, an improved analysis method is proposed for the on-bottom stability of a submarine pipeline, which is based on the relationships between Um/ gD 0.5 and Ws / D2 for various restraint conditions obtained by the hydrodynamic loading experiments, taking into account the coupling effects between wave, pipeline, and sandy seabed. The analysis procedure is illustrated with a detailed flow chart. A comparison is made between the submerged weights of pipeline predicted with the DNV Practice and those with the new method. The proposed analysis method may provide a helpful tool for the engineering practice of pipeline on-bottom stability design.

El tiempo como observable en mecánica cuántica

121 p.

One-dimensional quantum waveguide theory of Rashba electrons

The ballistic spin transport in one-dimensional waveguides with the Rashba effect is studied. Due to the Rashba effect, there are two electron states with different wave vectors for the same energy. The wave functions of two Rashba electron states are derived, and it is found that their phase depend on the direction of the circuit and the spin directions of two states are perpendicular to the circuit, with the +pi/2 and -pi/2 angles, respectively. The boundary conditions of the wave functions and their derivatives at the intersection of circuits are given, which can be used to investigate the waveguide transport properties of Rashba spin electron in circuits of any shape and structure. The eigenstates of the closed circular and square loops are studied by using the transfer matrix method. The transfer matrix M(E) of a circular arc is obtained by dividing the circular arc into N segments and multiplying the transfer matrix of each straight segment. The energies of eigenstates in the closed loop are obtained by solving the equation det[M(E)-I]=0. For the circular ring, the eigenenergies obtained with this method are in agreement with those obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation. For the square loop, the analytic formula of the eigenenergies is obtained first The transport properties of the AB ring and AB square loop and double square loop are studied using the boundary conditions and the transfer matrix method In the case of no magnetic field, the zero points of the reflection coefficients are just the energies of eigenstates in closed loops. In the case of magnetic field, the transmission and reflection coefficients all oscillate with the magnetic field; the oscillating period is Phi(m)=hc/e, independent of the shape of the loop, and Phi(m) is the magnetic flux through the loop. For the double loop the oscillating period is Phi(m)=hc/2e, in agreement with the experimental result. At last, we compared our method with Koga's experiment. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3253752]

on lin-bose problem

This paper study generalized Serre problem proposed by Lin and Bose in multidimensional system theory context [Multidimens. Systems and Signal Process. 10 (1999) 379; Linear Algebra Appl. 338 (2001) 125]. This problem is stated as follows. Let F ∈ Al×m be a full row rank matrix, and d be the greatest common divisor of all the l × l minors of F. Assume that the reduced minors of F generate the unit ideal, where A = K[x 1,...,xn] is the polynomial ring in n variables x 1,...,xn over any coefficient field K. Then there exist matrices G ∈ Al×l and F1 ∈ A l×m such that F = GF1 with det G = d and F 1 is a ZLP matrix. We provide an elementary proof to this problem, and treat non-full rank case.

模拟生物膜的电化学研究

本文简要介绍了生物膜的组成、结构和一些基本性质，详细描述了各种生物膜模型（支撑磷脂双层膜、非支撑磷脂双层膜、泡囊等等）的制备方法。概要地总结了模拟生物膜的各个领域的研究情况，着重评述了模拟生物膜在电化学、生物传感器、膜片钳、图案化领域的研究进展。采用电化学、各种谱学以及扫描探针显微镜等方法对支撑双层磷脂膜、磷脂浇铸膜等不同的模拟生物膜体系进行了研究。主要结果如下：1．将一种支撑磷脂膜一杂化双层膜（Hbrid bilayerer membrane，HBM）首次用于钙离子与磷脂作用的研究，以Fe（CN）63-为探针，发现钙离子可诱导HBM产生离子通道，且通道的打开与关闭能反复运转，并用STM观察这一现象。2.Ru（bPy）32+的电化学发光法和电催化法被首先用于研究支持脂质双层膜（sBLM）的离子通道行为。高氯酸根可以诱导DODAB（dimethyldioctadecylammonium）产生离子通道行为。离子通道的产生存在着一个闺值，当高氯酸根阴离子的浓度超过0.1μM时离子通道打开，当浓度低于0.1μM时离子通道关闭。当高氯酸根离子浓度高于0.1μM时，被打开的离子通道的数量随着高氯酸根阴离子浓度的增加而增加，在1200μM时达到平衡。离子通道的打开和关闭行为是可逆的。在此基础上，研制了一种用于检测高氯酸根离子的传感器。3，用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了稀土离子与支撑磷脂双层膜的相互作用．稀土离子可以影响支撑磷脂双层膜的结构，使之产生一些小孔，通过这些小孔Fe（CN）63/4可以到达电极表面，显示其电化学行为。Fe（CN）63／4-的氧化还原电流随着稀土离子的浓度的增加而变大，对于E矿＋当浓度达到1．2卿时，电流不再增加。发现三种稀土离子与膜作用的能力如下：Eu3+＞Th3＋＞La3＋。4．铁氰酸根离子通常被用来作离子通道传感器的标记物。在本项工作中，我们首次发现铁氰酸根离子本身也可以作为一种刺激物来控制玻碳电极上DDAB（一种合成磷脂）制备出的支撑双层磷脂膜的通透性。我们利用循环伏安、交流阻抗的方法来研究这种现象。支撑双层磷脂膜与铁氰化物的反应与时间有关。进一步地，我们研制了一种铁氰酸根离子传感器。这种离子通道响应灵敏度较高，它可以检测的铁氰化物的最小浓度为5μM。5．稳定的磷脂浇铸膜是通过把含磷脂的氯仿溶液浇铸到玻碳电极上制备的。我们把一种新的媒介质一去甲肾上腺素嵌入到这种磷脂浇铸膜中。磷脂浇铸膜可以被视为一种生物膜模型。用这个体系对抗坏血酸进行电催化氧化，与在裸玻碳电极上相比，阳极过电位降低了约250 mV。浇铸膜内去甲肾上腺素的电化学行为是受扩散控制的，其扩散系数是1.87×10-5cm2／s。在浓度为0.5-10 mmol／L的范围内，催化电流随抗坏血酸的浓度增大而呈线性增加。在同时含有抗坏血酸和尿酸的溶液中，我们用循环伏安法可以同时侧得两个峰，这两个峰之间的峰位差大约为147mV。6．卵磷脂泡囊和血红蛋白在热解石墨电极上制备的薄膜内，血红蛋白可以实现其直接电化学。血红蛋白在薄膜内表现出薄层电化学行为。其式电位E0在pH 3.5-7.0内随pH值直线变化，斜率为-46.4 mV/pH。磷脂膜内的血红蛋白对H2O2显示了很好的催化还原行为。基于此，研制了无媒介体的H2O2传感器。7．我们合成了一种人工磷脂（二甲基二（十二烷基）澳化钱，DDAB）保护的金纳米粒子。在这些金纳米粒子的促进下，血红蛋白可以表现出直接电子转移（DET）反应，其式电位位于-169mVvs Ag/AgCl参比电极。光谱数据表明电极上的血红蛋白没有变性。这种磷脂保护的金纳米粒子很稳定（至少8个月），它们的平均直径是6.42nm。这是首次应用单层膜保护的纳米粒子去实现蛋白质的直接电化学反应。8．我们在一种新的基底一碳电极上构建了杂化双层膜（HBM）。这是对其它基底上构建的HBM的一种扩展。首先，通过电化学扫描将烷基胺修饰在碳电极表面，使之在电极上形成单层膜。由于烷基链部分向外，因此所构筑的界面是疏水的。然后在碳电极的疏水表面铺展一层磷脂单层膜。所生成的HBM通过电化学和ATR-FTIR技术来表征。根据ATR-FTIR的结果，脂质的有序常数（S）为0.73。这种杂化膜具有磷脂／烷基硫醇HBM的优点。这种HBM在生物传感面具有潜在的应用。

Slow isocharged sequence ions with helium collisions: Projectile core dependence

The collisions of the isocharged sequence ions of q=6 (C6+, N6+, O6+, F6+, Ne6+, Ar6+, and Ca6+), q=7 (F7+, Ne7+, S7+, Ar7+, and Ca7+), q=8 (F8+, Ne8+, Ar8+, and Ca8+), q=9 (F9+, Ne9+, Si9+, S9+, Ar9+, and Ca9+) and q=11 (Si11+, Ar11+, and Ca11+) with helium at the same velocities were investigated. The cross-section ratios of the double-electron transfer (DET) to the single-electron capture (SEC) sigma(DET)/sigma(SEC) and the true double-electron capture (TDC) to the double-electron transfer sigma(TDC)/sigma(DET) were measured. It shows that for different ions in an isocharged sequence, the experimental cross-section ratio sigma(DET)/sigma(SEC) varies by a factor of 3. The results confirm that the projectile core is another dominant factor besides the charge state and the collision velocity in slow (0.35-0.49v(0); v(0) denotes the Bohr velocity) highly charged ions (HCIs) with helium collisions. The experimental cross-section ratio sigma(DET)/sigma(SEC) is compared with the extended classical over-barrier model (ECBM) [A. Barany , Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 9, 397 (1985)], the molecular Coulombic barrier model (MCBM) [A. Niehaus, J. Phys. B 19, 2925 (1986)], and the semiempirical scaling laws (SSL) [N. Selberg , Phys. Rev. A 54, 4127 (1996)]. It also shows that the projectile core properties affect the initial capture probabilities as well as the subsequent relaxation of the projectiles. The experimental cross-section ratio sigma(TDC)/sigma(DET) for those lower isocharged sequences is dramatically affected by the projectile core structure, while for those sufficiently highly isocharged sequences, the autoionization always dominates, hence the cross-section ratio sigma(TDC)/sigma(DET) is always small.

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube nanocomposite film

The sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube (SGCCN) nanocomposite film fabricated by doping multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into a silicate get matrix was used to immobilize protein. The SGCCN film can provide a favorable microenvironment for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to perform direct electron transfer (DET) at glassy carbon electrode. The HRP immobilized in the SGCCN film shows a pair of well-defined redox waves and retains its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of O-2 and H2O2, which is superior to that immobilized in silica sol-gel film.

Direct electron transfer between hemoglobin and a glassy carbon electrode facilitated by lipid-protected gold nanoparticles

We synthesized a kind of gold nanoparticle protected by a synthetic lipid (didodecyidimethylammonium bromide, DDAB). With the help of these gold nanoparticles, hemoglobin can exhibit a direct electron transfer (DET) reaction. The formal potential locates at -169 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Spectral data indicated the hemoglobin on the electrode was not denatured. The lipid-protected gold nanoparticles were very stable (for at least 8 months). Their average diameter is 6.42 nm. It is the first time to use monolayer-protected nanoparticles to realize the direct electrochemistry of protein.

Geochemieal records of phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments - Implications for environmental changes in recent hundred years

Phosphorus is a key element and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. The evolution of sedimentary environment is also influenced by phosphorus concentrations and fractions as well as phosphate sorption characteristics of the marine sediments. The geochemical characteristics of phosphorus and their environmental records were presented in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Profiles of different forms of phosphorus were measured as well as the roles and vertical distributions of phosphorus forms in response to sedimentary environment changes were investigated. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus ( IP) was the major fraction of total phosphorus ( TP); phosphorus which is bound to calcium, iron and occluded phosphorus, as well as the exchangeable phosphorus were the main forms of IP, especially calcium-phosphorus, including detrital carbonate-bound phosphorus ( Det - P) and authigenic apatite-bound phosphorus ( ACa - P), are the uppermost constituent of IP in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Moreover, the lead-210 chronology technology was employed to estimate how much phosphorus was buried ultimately in sediments. And the research showed that the impacts of human activities have increased remarkably in recent years especially between the 1980s and 2000. According to research, the development of Jiaozhou Bay environment in the past hundred years can be divided into three stages; (I) before the 1980s characterized by the relatively low sedimentation rate, weak land-derived phosphorus inputs and low anthropogenic impacts; (2) from the 1980s to around 2000, accelerating in the 1990s, during which high sedimentation rates, high phosphorus abundance and burial fluxes due to the severe: human activities impacted on the whole environmental system; (3) after 2000, the period of the improvement of environment, the whole system has been improved including the decreasing sedimentation rates, concentration and the burial fluxes of phosphonas.

谢聂稳定判据

谢绪恺、聂义勇判据的提出 比国外学者的同类发现要早得多。由于历史原因,这判据过去未曾宣扬。81年本刊上的简要介绍 曾引起了我国广大读者的重视和兴趣。现在,应读者要求,再作一次较详细的介绍。谢聂判据,简单地说,就是:(A)给多项式式 a_0x~n+a_1x~(n-1)+…+a_n 或 a_0+a_1+…+a_nx~n(a_i>0,i=0,1,2,…n)定义一判定系数α_i=a_i-|a|+2/a_ia_i+1,(B)多项式所表征的系统的稳定性由这判定系数α_i 判定,稳定的必要条件是α_(?)

[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents.

A series of [(ureidoethoxy)benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones and [[(heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones was synthesized from the corresponding aldehydes. Compds. from the urea series, exemplified by I, showed antihyperglycemic potency comparable with known agents of the type such as pioglitazone and troglitazone (CS-045). The benzoxazole II, a cyclic analog of I, was a very potent enhancer of insulin sensitivity, and by modification of the arom. heterocycle, an aminopyridine, III, was identified as a lead compd. from SAR studies. Evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity together with effects on blood Hb content, to det. the therapeutic index, was performed in 8-day repeat administration studies in genetically obese C57 B1/6 ob/ob mice. From these studies, III (BRL 49653) has been selected, on the basis of antihyperglycemic potency combined with enhanced selectivity against redns. in blood Hb content, for further evaluation.

Targeted Impersonation As A Tool For The Detection Of Biometric System Vulnerabilities

This paper argues that biometric verification evaluations can obscure vulnerabilities that increase the chances that an attacker could be falsely accepted. This can occur because existing evaluations implicitly assume that an imposter claiming a false identity would claim a random identity rather than consciously selecting a target to impersonate. This paper shows how an attacker can select a target with a similar biometric signature in order to increase their chances of false acceptance. It demonstrates this effect using a publicly available iris recognition algorithm. The evaluation shows that the system can be vulnerable to attackers targeting subjects who are enrolled with a smaller section of iris due to occlusion. The evaluation shows how the traditional DET curve analysis conceals this vulnerability. As a result, traditional analysis underestimates the importance of an existing score normalisation method for addressing occlusion. The paper concludes by evaluating how the targeted false acceptance rate increases with the number of available targets. Consistent with a previous investigation of targeted face verification performance, the experiment shows that the false acceptance rate can be modelled using the traditional FAR measure with an additional term that is proportional to the logarithm of the number of available targets.

An Automated Design Framework for Assembly Task Simulation

This paper presents an automated design framework for the development of individual part forming tools for a composite stiffener. The framework uses parametrically developed design geometries for both the part and its layup tool. The framework has been developed with a functioning user interface where part / tool combinations are passed to a virtual environment for utility based assessment of their features and assemblability characteristics. The work demonstrates clear benefits in process design methods with conventional design timelines reduced from hours and days to minutes and seconds. The methods developed here were able to produce a digital mock up of a component with its associated layup tool in less than 3 minutes. The virtual environment presenting the design to the designer for interactive assembly planning was generated in 20 seconds. Challenges still exist in determining the level of reality required to provide an effective learning environment in the virtual world. Full representation of physical phenomena such as gravity, part clashes and the representation of standard build functions require further work to represent real physical phenomena more accurately.

Determinação dos genótipos de Listeria Monocytogenes por PCR em tempo real e avaliação da sua citopatogenicidade

Dissertação mest., Qualidade em Análises, Universidade do Algarve, 2007