Áreas de pesca de la flota artesanal de la zona norte del Perú (3,4° S A 6,5° S) 1996-1999

Analiza los resultados del procesamiento de la información relacionada a la potencialidad y dinámica extractiva de los pescadores artesanales, del área litoral comprendida entre los paralelos 3,4° y 6,5° de latitud sur (S) y los meridianos 80,0°-82,5°de longitud oeste (W) que conforman la zona de más alta diversidad y producción pesquera artesanal en el litoral peruano, frete a las costas de los departamentos de Tumbes y Piura.

Informe estadistico de los recursos hidrobiologicos de la pesca artesanal por especies, artes, meses y caletas durante el primer semestre de 1999

Presenta información colectada en 28 puntos de desembarque, entre puertos y caletas muestreados a nivel nacional durante el primer semestre de 1999. Con ello el proyecto Determinación del Potencial Pesquero Artesanal en el Litoral Peruano, mediante la ejecución del convenio VECEP-IMARPE, hace entrega del quinto volumen de resultados sobre las estadísticas de desembarque de la pesquería artesanal.

Informe estadístico de los recursos hidrobiológicos de la pesca artesanal por especies, artes, meses y caletas durante el segundo semestre de 1999

Presentan los datos de desembarque de pesca artesanal, recopilados en 21 puntos, entre puertos y caletas a nivel nacional, durante el segundo semestre de 1999. Con ello, el proyecto Determinación del Potencial Pesquero Artesanal en el Litoral Peruano, mediante la ejecución del convenio VECEP-IMARPE, cumple con la sexta entrega de las estadísticas de desembarque de la pesquería artesanal peruana.

Fluoreszenzdiagnostik bei Patienten mit nicht muskelinvasivem Harnblasenkarzinom: Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse [Fluorescence diagnosis in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results of a metaanalysis]

Purpose: Heterogeneous results of single studies with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) in bladder cancer have been reported. A metaanalysis of prospective studies has now been performed. Material and Methods: The effect of PDD in addition to WLC on a) the diagnosis and b) the therapeutic outcome of primary or recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) investigated by cystoscopy or transurethral resection was analysed. An electronic database search was performed. Trials were included if they prospectively compared WLC with PDD in bladder cancer. Primary endpoints were additional detection rate, residual tumour at second resection and recurrence-free survival. Results: Significantly more tumour-positive patients were detected with PDD in all patients with non-muscle invasive tumours (= 20%) [95% confidence interval (CI): 8 to 35%] and in CIS patients (= 39%) (CI: 23 to 57%). Residual tumour was significantly less often found after PDD (odds ratio 0.28, CI: 0.15 to 0.52, p<0.0001). Recurrence-free survival was significantly higher at 12 and 24months in the PDD groups than in WLC only groups. Conclusions: More bladder tumour-positive patients are detected by PDD. Best results were found in CIS patients. Diagnosis with PDD results in a more complete resection and a longer recurrence-free survival.

Hexyl Aminolevulinate-Guided Fluorescence Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Patients with Non-Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Critical Review of the Current Literature.

CONTEXT: Controversy exists regarding the therapeutic benefit and cost effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) in addition to white-light cystoscopy (WLC) in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate evidence regarding the therapeutic benefits and economic considerations of PDD in NMIBC detection and treatment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a critical review of PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library in October 2012 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Identified reports were reviewed according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) criteria. Forty-four publications were selected for inclusion in this analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Included reports used 5-ALA (in 26 studies), HAL (15 studies), or both (three studies) as photosensitising agents. PDD increased the detection of both papillary tumours (by 7-29%) and flat carcinoma in situ (CIS; by 25-30%) and reduced the rate of residual tumours after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT; by an average of 20%) compared to WLC alone. Superior recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates and prolonged RFS intervals were reported for PDD, compared to WLC in most studies. PDD did not appear to reduce disease progression. Our findings are limited by tumour heterogeneity and a lack of NMIBC risk stratification in many reports or adjustment for intravesical therapy use in most studies. Although cost effectiveness has been demonstrated for 5-ALA, it has not been studied for HAL. CONCLUSIONS: Moderately strong evidence exists that PDD improves tumour detection and reduces residual disease after TURBT compared with WLC. This has been shown to improve RFS but not progression to more advanced disease. Further work to evaluate cost effectiveness of PDD is required.

Normas y Procedimientos Administrativos para la Asignación de Gratificación de Mar”

Establecer las normas y procedimientos administrativos para el pago de gratificación de mar, que otorga el IMARPE a los participantes en las operaciones de investigación científica, a bordo de sus BIC's o en embarcaciones que son alquiladas a terceros, que se encuentren navegando en la mar, en aguas continentales o en aguas antárticas; o, durante el tiempo de estadía de sus embarcaciones en puerto o en bahía.

Vuosina 1992-95 sioista eristettyjen E. coli -bakteerikantojen mikrobilääkeherkkyys ja kahden eri herkkyysmääritysmenetelmän vertailu käyttäen oksitetrasykliiniä

Virpi Ala-Risku, Marja Fossi ja Matti Nyberg

Geologia, canvi climàtic i arquitectura

Nombroses investigacions han establert una relació directa entre l'activitat antròpica i el canvi climàtic. Una majoria aclaparadora de científics han demostrat que l’ascens progressiu de les temperatures de les darreres dècades ha estat degut ala incorporació artificial a l’atmosfera de gasos que accentuen l’efecte hivernacle (GEH). És evident que els efectes del canvi climàtic afecten la dinàmica de la Terra

Principis de llibertat intel·lectual per a les biblioteques acadèmiques: una interpretació de la Declaració dels drets de les biblioteques

Traducció del document original publicat a http://www.ala.org/ala/issuesadvocacy/intfreedom/librarybill/interpretations/intellectual.cfm

Determinação in Loco da difusividade térmica num solo da região de Caatinga (PB)

Um estudo experimental detalhado sobre transferências de calor e água no complexo solo - vegetação - atmosfera, em uma região de caatinga no semi-árido paraibano, mostrou que o comportamento termodinâmico do solo exerce papel fundamental no processo de evaporação do solo e nos fluxos de calor sensível. Este trabalho objetivou mostrar como a difusividade térmica do solo in loco foi determinada. Três métodos diferentes, embasados sobre hipóteses bem distintas, foram utilizados, e os seus resultados foram comparados. O método harmônico não se mostrou adequado para o tipo de solo encontrado. Para a camada superficial do solo (0-5 cm), o método CLTM (Corrected Laplace Transform Method) mostrou-se bem adaptado. Em todos os casos, o método NHS (método de Nassar & Horton), que considera variações verticais da difusividade térmica, apresentou uma dispersão elevada dos seus pontos, porém forneceu valores próximos dos valores estimados pelo método CLTM na camada superior e valores coerentes nas outras camadas. A umidade do solo, na profundidade média de 5 cm, foi medida por uma sonda TDR devidamente calibrada. Assim, pôde se determinar a relação entre a difusividade térmica e a umidade volumétrica para o solo estudado. Os valores muito baixos de difusividade constituem um condicionante importante do clima local.

The role of population origin and microenvironment in seedling emergence and early survival in Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton).

Understanding tree recruitment is needed to forecast future forest distribution. Many studies have reported the relevant ecological factors that affect recruitment success in trees, but the potential for genetic-based differences in recruitment has often been neglected. In this study, we established a semi-natural reciprocal sowing experiment to test for local adaptation and microenvironment effects (evaluated here by canopy cover) in the emergence and early survival of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), an emblematic Mediterranean forest tree. A novel application of molecular markers was also developed to test for family selection and, thus, for potential genetic change over generations. Overall, we did not find evidence to support local adaptation at the recruitment stage in our semi-natural experiment. Moreover, only weak family selection (if any) was found, suggesting that in stressful environments with low survival, stochastic processes and among-year climate variability may drive recruitment. Nevertheless, our study revealed that, at early stages of recruitment, microenvironments may favor the population with the best adapted life strategy, irrespectively of its (local or non-local) origin. We also found that emergence time is a key factor for seedling survival in stressful Mediterranean environments. Our study highlights the complexity of the factors influencing the early stages of establishment of maritime pine and provides insights into possible management actions aimed at environmental change impact mitigation. In particular, we found that the high stochasticity of the recruitment process in stressful environments and the differences in population-specific adaptive strategies may difficult assisted migration schemes.

Directrius de biblioteques de presons: un estudi comparatiu

S'analitzen de manera comparativa les directrius de biblioteques de presons de l'IFLA, la Library Association (LA) i l'American Library Association (ALA). Després de fer un breu repàs del procés d'elaboració de cadascuna d'aquestes directrius, es comparen les tres propostes dividides en nou apartats: administració, pressupost, personal, localització i condicionament, serveis, col·lecció, catàleg, accessibilitat i promoció. A partir d'aquesta anàlisi, es fa una recomanació sobre quina directriu podria ser el punt de partida per desenvolupar un text similar que es pogués aplicar a les biblioteques de presons de Catalunya.

Carol A. Brey-Casiano: «Sí, podem fer-ho!»

Entrevista a Carol A. Brey-Casiano, presidenta de l'American Library Association. Es parla del paper de la biblioteca pública en poblacions amb molts immigrants, del bibliotecari als EUA, d'alguns projectes de promoció de biblioteques que hi tenen lloc, de l'ALA i els seus conflictes arran la promulgació de la Patriot act.

Elaboració del Codi deontològic del Col·legi Oficial de Bibliotecaris-Documentalistes de Catalunya

S'expliquen les línies directrius i el procediment de redacció del Codi deontològic del Col·legi Oficial de Bibliotecaris-documentalistes de Catalunya. La comissió redactora va optar per un model de codi educacional i que cobrís les qüestions més representatives i incorporés els valors intrínsecs de la nostra professió. Es precisa l'abast dels termes ètica i deontologia, es comenten les declaracions genèriques de la Unesco i la IFLA sobre drets relacionats amb la professió, i codis deontològics ja existents, com el de l'ALA. S'esmenta la utilitat d'un codi deontològic i els tipus possibles de codi. A continuació, s'explica el procés d'elaboració del codi, la tria del model educacional, que enumera i interpreta principis generals, la tria d'altres codis que servissin com a referència, i dels valors ètics i professionals que s'hi havien de considerar.