A regra da maioria como agregação de preferências: questões e respostas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A extensão da racionalidade econômico-privatistica ao conhecimento produzido pela subjetividade emancipada: paradoxo da modernidade

This paper aims to present a study of the social relationships around the production, circulation and the eventual possibility of appropriation of knowledge in social systems of the pre-modern world and in a social organization of Western capitalist modernity. In this specific universe of relationships, it was also important to noticed that there is a paradoxical role of rationality that served to the emancipation of instruments of control’s knowledge of pre-modern period as in the same time it was favored by the construction of new bonds that were made in the Western modernity through the modern legal system, inserting the knowledge in the domain of the economy and private logic of the capitalist’s system through intellectual property. This research was made from a review of the literature, using specialized books of the theme. It was concluded that there is a paradox in the social relationships about the knowledge, whose cause is related to the unfolding of rationality in the development of Western civilization.

The Epstein-Glaser causal approach to the light-front QED(4). II: Vacuum polarization tensor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Entenda RP: campanha de difusão da profissão de Relações Públicas

The profession of public relations presents itself in Brazil currently as a profession in expansion. However, by it’s time of performance, it should already be instated and legitimatized by society like other areas that even though appeared later, are already known and understood. Therefore, this project intends to seek for answers about the current situation, analyzing since it’s appearance in Brazil until now a days. With this analysis of the whole historic trajectory it is possible to understand the many movements that occur today in the area of public relations that are constantly searching for a legitimating and valued profession. However in this context surfaces a paradox: How to value something that is not known? So this project starts up again a campaign of divulgation of public relations promoted by the ABRP (Brazilian Association of Public Relations), now on the internet using the social networks, seeking to have a wider audience, interaction and reach. By this campaign it is possible to show to different publics the existence and relevance of the profession in the Brazilian context in objective and practice way making it more comprehensible in Brazil

A revisão do complexo de William Wilson em O médico e o monstro, de Robert Louis Stevenson

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As trevas da razão esclarecida e as pesquisas em seres humanos em Tuskegee e na Guatemala: um caso de bioética

This work is aimed at examining the paradox of modernity, from the opposition between Enlightenment ideals and historical events that followed, especially during the twentieth century, as well as to study the impact of mismatch on Bioethics, adopting as a reference epistemological critical theory of the Frankfurt School. Bioethics presents itself as a shaky science, devoid of references, and primarily impacted by the emptying of ethics. The reason desubjectivation established by and exacerbated by modern enlightenment, was able to erect dark scary for humanity and promote barbaric practices in the name of a science that promises order and progress. This paradox and the fallacy of reason enlightened by scientific advances are wide open, always accompanied by ethical and moral returns scary. Some examples are the surveys conducted in Tuskegee and Guatemala, and treated in this study, which show how far modern rationality and all its consequences

Da invenção do vestibular aos cursinhos populares: um desafio para a orientação profissional

This article is based on the sociological and historical approach of the origin of the university entrance exams in Brazil and shows the preparatory courses (preps) expanding simultaneously as a strategy of the lower and middle classes to get their children into university. Thus, the paradox of an antipedagogical practice becomes an essential condition for students to have access to prestigious university courses, what justifi es the historical movement by the lower and middle classes to appropriate this practice.. We propose that measures are taken to improve the results of important affi rmative actions that aim to enable students to enter university, as well as highlight Professional Guidance as a necessary resource which constitutes a new challenge in this fi eld of action.

A literatura juvenil na escola

Literature has always had a tense relationship with school. On the one hand, its educational function which is a feature of its own has motivated its insertion into curricula; on the other hand, its pedagogical use seems to defile its esthetical value. Such a paradox may be clearly observed in juvenile literature whose specificity has not always been acknowledged. To discuss the alleged specificity of that literary subgenre and its use in school, this essay compares the books A órbita dos caracóis (2003), by Reinaldo Moraes, and Se eu fechar os olhos agora (2009), by Edney Silverstre, which have in common their possible destination to the juvenile public, even though neither of them has been conceived of with that purpose in mind.

About the minimum time transference in a fractional differential equation

The use of fractional calculus when modeling phenomena allows new queries concerning the deepest parts of the physical laws involved in. Here we will be dealing with an apparent paradox in which the time of transference from zero in a system with fractional derivatives can be strictly shortened relatively to the minimal time transference done in an equivalent system in the frame of the entire derivatives.

Estudo da diversidade genética do MycobacteriUm leprae em pacientes com hanseníase no município de Rondonópolis (MT): uma contribuição para o melhor entendimento da sua transmissão

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Effects of a mixed vector-scalar kink-like potential for spinless particles in two-dimensional space time

The intrinsically relativistic problem of spinless particles subject to a general mixing of vector and scalar kink- like potentials (similar to tanh gamma x) is investigated. The problem is mapped into the exactly solvable Sturm - Liouville problem with the Rosen - Morse potential and exact bounded solutions for particles and antiparticles are found. The behavior of the spectrum is discussed in some detail. An apparent paradox concerning the uncertainty principle is solved by recurring to the concept of effective Compton wavelength.

Considerações históricas sobre o infinito e alguns de seus paradoxos

This research aims to elucidate some of the historical aspects of the idea of infinity during the creation of calculus and set theory. It also seeks to raise discussions about the nature of infinity: current infinite and potential infinite. For this, we conducted a survey with a qualitative approach in the form of exploratory study. This study was based on books of Mathematics' History and other scientific works such as articles, theses and dissertations on the subject. This work will bring the view of some philosophers and thinkers about the infinite, such as: Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Galilei, Augustine, Cantor. The research will be presented according to chronological order. The objective of the research is to understand the infinite from ancient Greece with the paradoxes of Zeno, during the time which the conflict between the conceptions atomistic and continuity were dominant, and in this context that Zeno launches its paradoxes which contradict much a concept as another, until the theory Cantor set, bringing some paradoxes related to this theory, namely paradox of Russell and Hilbert's paradox. The study also presents these paradoxes mentioned under the mathematical point of view and the light of calculus and set theory

Considerações históricas sobre o infinito e alguns de seus paradoxos

This research aims to elucidate some of the historical aspects of the idea of infinity during the creation of calculus and set theory. It also seeks to raise discussions about the nature of infinity: current infinite and potential infinite. For this, we conducted a survey with a qualitative approach in the form of exploratory study. This study was based on books of Mathematics' History and other scientific works such as articles, theses and dissertations on the subject. This work will bring the view of some philosophers and thinkers about the infinite, such as: Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Galilei, Augustine, Cantor. The research will be presented according to chronological order. The objective of the research is to understand the infinite from ancient Greece with the paradoxes of Zeno, during the time which the conflict between the conceptions atomistic and continuity were dominant, and in this context that Zeno launches its paradoxes which contradict much a concept as another, until the theory Cantor set, bringing some paradoxes related to this theory, namely paradox of Russell and Hilbert's paradox. The study also presents these paradoxes mentioned under the mathematical point of view and the light of calculus and set theory

An ecological economic interpretation of the Jevons effect

This article develops an ecological economic interpretation of the Jevons effect. Moreover, it is argued that under the neoclassical paradigm there are no elements with which to foresee the long-term existence of this phenomenon. The objective of these arguments is to demonstrate that the Jevons effect can be used to compare the ability of neoclassical and ecological economics describing the social appropriation of nature. This is elaborated in two steps. First, we show the importance of the thesis that the economy cannot be cut off from the biophysical materiality of what is produced to give consistency to the so-called Khazzoom-Brookes postulate. It is made clear that this supposition is exogenous to the neoclassical paradigm. Second, the supposition of the biophysical materiality of what is produced is utilized to make an ecological economic interpretation of the Jevons effect. Afterwards, a comparison is made between the neoclassical and the ecological economic perspectives. This comparison leads to the following conclusions: (i) the persistent presence of the Jevons effect in the long run is an anomaly in the neoclassical paradigm; (ii) the observation of the non-existence of the Jevons effect is a refutation of the supposition that economic growth and biophysical materiality are not separable, a central thesis defended by ecological economists. This situation makes possible to use the Jevons effect as a 'laboratory test' to compare the ability of neoclassical and ecological economic paradigms to describe the social appropriation of nature. (C) 20111 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The re-establishment of the normal blood lactate response to exercise in humans after prolonged acclimatization to altitude

[EN] 1. One to five weeks of chronic exposure to hypoxia has been shown to reduce peak blood lactate concentration compared to acute exposure to hypoxia during exercise, the high altitude 'lactate paradox'. However, we hypothesize that a sufficiently long exposure to hypoxia would result in a blood lactate and net lactate release from the active leg to an extent similar to that observed in acute hypoxia, independent of work intensity. 2. Six Danish lowlanders (25-26 years) were studied during graded incremental bicycle exercise under four conditions: at sea level breathing either ambient air (0 m normoxia) or a low-oxygen gas mixture (10 % O(2) in N(2), 0 m acute hypoxia) and after 9 weeks of acclimatization to 5260 m breathing either ambient air (5260 m chronic hypoxia) or a normoxic gas mixture (47 % O(2) in N(2), 5260 m acute normoxia). In addition, one-leg knee-extensor exercise was performed during 5260 m chronic hypoxia and 5260 m acute normoxia. 3. During incremental bicycle exercise, the arterial lactate concentrations were similar at sub-maximal work at 0 m acute hypoxia and 5260 m chronic hypoxia but higher compared to both 0 m normoxia and 5260 m acute normoxia. However, peak lactate concentration was similar under all conditions (10.0 +/- 1.3, 10.7 +/- 2.0, 10.9 +/- 2.3 and 11.0 +/- 1.0 mmol l(-1)) at 0 m normoxia, 0 m acute hypoxia, 5260 m chronic hypoxia and 5260 m acute normoxia, respectively. Despite a similar lactate concentration at sub-maximal and maximal workload, the net lactate release from the leg was lower during 0 m acute hypoxia (peak 8.4 +/- 1.6 mmol min(-1)) than at 5260 m chronic hypoxia (peak 12.8 +/- 2.2 mmol min(-1)). The same was observed for 0 m normoxia (peak 8.9 +/- 2.0 mmol min(-1)) compared to 5260 m acute normoxia (peak 12.6 +/- 3.6 mmol min(-1)). Exercise after acclimatization with a small muscle mass (one-leg knee-extensor) elicited similar lactate concentrations (peak 4.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.3 mmol l(-1)) and net lactate release (peak 16.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 14.3 mmol l(-1)) from the active leg at 5260 m chronic hypoxia and 5260 m acute normoxia. 4. In conclusion, in lowlanders acclimatized for 9 weeks to an altitude of 5260 m, the arterial lactate concentration was similar at 0 m acute hypoxia and 5260 m chronic hypoxia. The net lactate release from the active leg was higher at 5260 m chronic hypoxia compared to 0 m acute hypoxia, implying an enhanced lactate utilization with prolonged acclimatization to altitude. The present study clearly shows the absence of a lactate paradox in lowlanders sufficiently acclimatized to altitude.