区域可持续发展中生态足迹分析

以辽宁省2004～2008年统计数据为基础,应用生态足迹分析方法,计算了辽宁省2003～2007年的生态足迹和生态承载力。结果表明,辽宁省的人均生态足迹由2003年的2.5875hm2/人增加到2007年的3.3401hm2/人,而同期的人均生态承载力却由0.5652hm2/人降低到0.5590hm2/人,人均生态赤字则由2.0223hm2/人增长到2.7811hm2/人。高额的生态赤字反映出辽宁省人口对自然资源的利用已超出了生态承载力范围。生态赤字的快速增长则反映出当前的发展模式是不可持续的,生态环境处于不安全状态。通过对生态足迹的研究,提出发展中应调整产业结构,引进高新技术,改变生产和消费模式,以实现可持续发展。

三江源自然保护区土地覆被变化特征分析

基于中国土地利用/覆被遥感分类系统,利用1970年代中后期、1980年代末、2004年和2008年4期遥感图像分析三江源自然保护区近30a来土地覆被类型面积变化、转类途径与幅度及各保护区各圈层转类指数变化特征,结果表明:近30a来,草地总面积经历了一个增加-减少-增加的过程。自然保护区1970年代中后期至1980年代末和1980年代末至2004年土地覆被类型变化主要是草地覆盖度下降,土地覆被总体上具有转差趋势。近4a来草地退化趋势得到遏制,大部分的保护区和内部各圈层土地覆被都有转好趋势,可能与《规划》实施有关。

近20年青海三江源自然保护区植被生产力变化模拟

三江源保护区是我国最大的自然保护区,对我国的生态安全起着重要的保障作用。作为生态系统功能重要指标之一的净初级生产力的大小及其速率,一直是人们关心的问题。本文利用GLOPEM模型模拟得到的青海三江源地区1988-2008年的NPP数据,计算了三江源自然保护区内外1988-2008、1988-2004,以及2004-2008年3个时间段的NPP年际变化速率,比较了三江源保护区内外的NPP年际变化。同时对三江源各个下属保护区的NPP增长潜力进行了排序,结果认为,三江源地区自生态系统工程实施以来,NPP有了明显的回升,回升速率约为0.47gC/m2.a,其内部大多数子保护区的NPP也有了明显恢复,NPP回升的保护区占到总保护区数量的72%。

Crescimento de fungos na superfície de madeira de caixas do tipo 'K' usadas para hortaliças.

A madeira é o material mais utilizado para embalagem de hortaliças noBrasil, principalmente devido ao seu baixo custo e alta resistênciamecânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a absorção e a perdaprogressiva de água de ripas de madeira de Pinus utilizadas namontagem de caixas do tipo "K" em três condições de umidade relativae determinar o crescimento de fungos em sua superfície. O experimentofoi conduzido no Laboratório de Pós-Colheita da Embrapa Hortaliças, emBrasília-DF, em 2003. Trinta ripas novas de madeira de Pinus (52 x 6 x0,6cm) foram pesadas individualmente, imersas em água durante 1h epesadas novamente para avaliar a absorção de água. Em outroexperimento, dez ripas foram incubadas ao acaso em cada uma das trêscâmaras úmidas (61%, 86% e 94% UR) mantidas a 25oC (±2oC). A perda progressiva de água foi avaliada por pesagens diárias das ripasindividualmente e o desenvolvimento de fungos na madeira foi avaliadocom uma escala de notas (0-3) durante oito dias. A madeira nova dePinus pode absorver até 38% de seu peso em água, e permanecerúmida durante vários dias de acordo com a condição dearmazenamento. A umidade relativa do ambiente afetou a taxa de perdade água diária da madeira, estimada em 4,7%, 2,5% e 1,0%respectivamente a 61% UR, 86% UR e 94% UR, e ao final de oito diasalcançou 37,5%, 19,9% e 7,9%, respectivamente. Os fungospredominantes foram Trichoderma harzianum e Rhizopus stolonifer, mastambém observou-se crescimento de Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp.

Aspectos de las negociaciones agrícolas, reformas y su impacto interno en los agroalimentos en Japón y región Asia

En general, tanto a nivel empresarial y por parte del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Japón, existe la tendencia de avanzar con los Acuerdos de Asociación Económica2 (AAEs) en particular en la región Asia-Pacífico; pero ciertos sectores agrícolas y del Ministerio de Agricultura, Forestación y Pesca (MAFF) son más resistentes en hacer avances significativos, para evitar cualquier impacto significativo sobre su agricultura doméstica. Por más de cincuenta años las cooperativas agrícolas han usado su influencia política, apoyada por las comunidades rurales, para bloquear cualquier cambio de reforma. La agricultura japonesa ha disminuido mucho en los últimos 20 años. Las tierras abandonadas3 totalizan actualmente las 400 mil hectáreas. El promedio de edad de los agricultores es de 66 años; el número de productores ha caído a la mitad con 2,6 millones. Existe la predicción de que 1 millón de agricultores dejarán el sector en los próximos 10 años, y el deterioro de las comunidades rurales sigue creciendo. Incluso si Japón adhiere a algunos Acuerdos, la industria agrícola seguirá declinando. En la próxima década se pronostica que la población en Asia se incrementará en 400 millones, por lo que el gobierno japonés no quiere perder más tiempo en trazar sus nuevas estrategias sobre la región. Nunca Japón hizo un planeamiento tan profundo sobre los nuevos lineamientos de la agricultura, que se adoptó como primera prioridad estratégica a nivel nacional, basada sobre todo en la importancia y responsabilidad nacional en tener un suministro seguro de alimentos (incluso los importados) para sus ciudadanos y para la región.

Identifying additional patients with diabetic nephropathy using the UK primary care initiative

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to use general practice data to estimate the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy within the registered diabetes patients and examine variation in practice prevalence and management performance since introduction of this initiative.
METHODS:
Reported quality indicators from the Northern Ireland General Practice Quality and Outcomes Framework were analysed for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy prevalence and management in the period 2004-2008. Variation in prevalence at practice level was assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age, practice size, deprivation and glycaemic control.
RESULTS:
In 2006-2007, 57,454 (4.1%) adult diabetic patients were registered in the denominator population of 1.4 million compared with 51,923 (3.8%) in 2004-2005 (mean practice range 0.5-7.7%). Diabetic nephropathy prevalence was 15.1 and 11.5%, respectively (8688 and 5955 patients). Documented diabetic nephropathy prevalence showed marked variation across practices (range 0-100%) and was significantly negatively correlated with diabetes list size, albumin creatinine ratio testing rates and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade use and positively correlated with exception reporting rates. Specifically, for every increase in 100 diabetic patients to a register, documented diabetic nephropathy prevalence reduced by 40% (P=0.003). On the positive side, median albumin-creatinine ratio testing rates doubled to 82% compared with figures in the pre-Framework era.
CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of the Northern Ireland General Practice Quality and Outcomes Framework has positively benefitted testing for diabetic nephropathy and increased numbers of detected patients in a short space of time. Large variation in diabetic nephropathy prevalence remains and is associated with diabetes registry size, screening and treatment practices, suggesting that understanding this variation may help detect and better manage diabetic nephropathy.

EURODIAB childhood type 1 diabetes incidence registers - results from the first 20 years. Oral presentation at the 47th EASD Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal.

Background and aims: In 1989 a number of registers in Europe began recording new cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in children aged under 15 years using a common protocol. Trends in incidence rate during the 20 year period 1989-2008 are described.
Materials and methods: All registers operate in geographically defined regions and are based on a clinical diagnosis. When possible, completeness of registration in each register is assessed using capture-recapture methodology by identifying primary and secondary sources of ascertainment. The completeness estimate is obtained by identifying the numbers of cases identified by the primary source only, by the secondary source only and by both the primary and the secondary sources.
Results: Other registers have joined the Group since 1989, and 21 registers in 15 countries continue to submit registration data. In the first five years (1989-93) incidence rates varied from 3.2 per 100,000 in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 25.8 per 100,000 in the Stockholm area of Sweden. In the last five years (2004-2008) these same two registers again had the lowest and highest incidence, but rates had increased to 5.8 per 100,000 and 36.6 per 100,000, respectively. During the 20 year period all but two of the 21 registers showed statistically significant rates of increase (median rate of increase 4% per annum), and similar figures were obtained when this median rate of increase was estimated for the first half of the period (1989-98) and for the second half (1999-2008) . However, rates of increase differed significantly between the first half and the second half of the period for eight of the 17 registers with adequate coverage of both periods; four registers showing significantly higher rates of increase in the first half and four significantly higher rates in the second half.
Conclusion: The childhood type 1 diabetes incidence rate continues to rise across Europe by approximately 4% per annum, but the increase within a register is not necessarily uniform with periods of less rapid and more rapid increase in incidence occurring in some registers. This pattern of change suggests that important risk exposures differ over time in different European countries. Further time trend analysis and comparison of the patterns in defined regions are warranted.

EURODIAB childhood type 1 diabetes incidence registers - results from the first 20 years

Background and aims: In 1989 a number of registers in Europe began recording new cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in children aged under 15 years using a common protocol. Trends in incidence rate during the 20 year period 1989-2008 are described.
Materials and methods: All registers operate in geographically defined regions and are based on a clinical diagnosis. When possible, completeness of registration in each register is assessed using capture-recapture methodology by identifying primary and secondary sources of ascertainment. The completeness estimate is obtained by identifying the numbers of cases identified by the primary source only, by the secondary source only and by both the primary and the secondary sources.
Results: Other registers have joined the Group since 1989, and 21 registers in 15 countries continue to submit registration data. In the first five years (1989-93) incidence rates varied from 3.2 per 100,000 in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 25.8 per 100,000 in the Stockholm area of Sweden. In the last five years (2004-2008) these same two registers again had the lowest and highest incidence, but rates had increased to 5.8 per 100,000 and 36.6 per 100,000, respectively. During the 20 year period all but two of the 21 registers showed statistically significant rates of increase (median rate of increase 4% per annum), and similar figures were obtained when this median rate of increase was estimated for the first half of the period (1989-98) and for the second half (1999-2008) . However, rates of increase differed significantly between the first half and the second half of the period for eight of the 17 registers with adequate coverage of both periods; four registers showing significantly higher rates of increase in the first half and four significantly higher rates in the second half.
Conclusion: The childhood type 1 diabetes incidence rate continues to rise across Europe by approximately 4% per annum, but the increase within a register is not necessarily uniform with periods of less rapid and more rapid increase in incidence occurring in some registers. This pattern of change suggests that important risk exposures differ over time in different European countries. Further time trend analysis and comparison of the patterns in defined regions are warranted.

Observatorio de movilidad boletín de mantenimiento vial. N. 3

Gestión del conocimiento

Planeación estratégica de la planta

Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Relaciones Industriales) - UANL, 2004

La Importancia de la comunicación del sector productivo con el educativo

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Relaciones Industriales) - UANL, 2004

El análisis de la formación y capacitación con enfoque en competencia laboral

Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Relaciones Industriales) - UANL, 2004

Estrategias para incrementar el promedio de la materia de computación en grupos de cuarto semestre de la Preparatoria Núm.23 de la U.A.N.L.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Relaciones Industriales) - UANL, 2004

Técnicas grupales para obtener un nivel de aprovechamiento académico satisfactorio en alumnos de tercero y cuarto semestre del nivel medio superior en la materia de matemáticas en la Preparatoria No.22 de la U.A.N.L.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en relaciones Industriales) - UANL, 2004