The LFA-1-associated molecule PTA-1 (CD226) on T cells forms a dynamic molecular complex with protein 4.1G and human discs large

Clustering of the T cell integrin, LFA-1, at specialized regions of intercellular contact initiates integrin-mediated adhesion and downstream signaling, events that are necessary for a successful immunological response. But how clustering is achieved and sustained is not known. Here we establish that an LFA-1-associated molecule, PTA-1, is localized to membrane rafts and binds the carboxyl-terminal domain of isoforms of the actin-binding protein 4.1G. Protein 4.1 is known to associate with the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue, human discs large. We show that the carboxyl-terminal peptide of PTA-1 also can bind human discs large and that the presence or absence of this peptide greatly influences binding between PTA-1 and different isoforms of 4.1G. T cell stimulation with phorbol ester or PTA-1 cross-linking induces PTA-1 and 4.1G to associate tightly with the cytoskeleton, and the PTA-1 from such activated cells now can bind to the amino-terminal region of 4.1G. We propose that these dynamic associations provide the structural basis for a regulated molecular adhesive complex that serves to cluster and transport LFA-1 and associated molecules.

Movement and motor development in ELBW infants at 1 year is related to cognitive and motor abilities at 4 years

A relationship between motor ability and cognitive performance has been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the association between movement and cognitive performance at 1 and 4 years corrected age of children born less than 1000 g, and whether developmental testing of movement at 1 year is predictive of cognitive performance at 4 years. Motor development was assessed at both ages using the neurosensory motor developmental assessment (NSMDA) and motor development was classified as normal, or minimal, mild, moderate-severe dysfunction. Cognitive performance was assessed on the Griffith Mental Developmental Scale at 1 year and McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 4 years. Subjects included 198 children of birthweight less than 1000 g. Of these 132 children returned for follow-up at the corrected ages of both 1 and 4 years. The 66 children not included had a slight increase in gestational age, while the mothers were younger and had a lower level of education. A significant association was found between NSMDA group classification at 1 year and cognitive performance at both 1 and 4 years (p

1H-1,3-Diazepines, 5H-1,3-diazepines, 1,3-diazepinones, and 2,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptenes

Tetrazolo[1,5-a] pyridines/ 2-azidopyridines 1 undergo photochemical nitrogen elimination and ring expansion to 1,3-diazacyclohepta-1,2,4,6-tetraenes 3, which react with alcohols to afford 2-alkoxy-1H-1,3-diazepines 4 (5), with secondary amines to 2-dialkylamino-5H-1,3-diazepines 16, sometimes via isolable 2-dialkylamino-1H-1,3-diazepines 15, and with water to 1,3-diazepin-2-ones 19. The latter are also obtained by elimination of isobutene or propene from 2-tert-butoxy- or 2-isopropoxy-1H-1,3-diazepines 4 or 5. 1,3-Diazepin-2-one 22B and 1,3-diazepin-4-one 24 were obtained from hydrolysis of the corresponding 4-chlorodiazepines. Diazepinones 19 undergo photochemical ring closure to diazabicycloheptenones 25 in high yields. The 2-alkoxy-1H-1,3-diazepines 4 and 5 interconvert by rapid proton exchange between positions N1 and N3. The free energies of activation for the proton exchange were measured by the Forsen - Hoffman method as DeltaGdouble dagger(298) = 16.2 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1) as an average for 4a - c in CD2Cl2, acetone-d(6), and methanol-d(4), and 14.1 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1) for 4c in acetone/D2O. The structures of 2-methoxy-5,6-bis( trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,3-diazepine 4k, 1,2-dihydro-4-diethylamino-5H-1,3-diazepin-2-one 22bB, and diazabicycloheptanone 26 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The former represents the first reported X-ray crystal structure of any monocyclic N-unsubstituted 1H-azepine.

Studies on the neurotoxicity of 6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol) in SH-SY5Y cells

We have studied the hypothesis that 6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol) is neurotoxic. Salsolinol induced a significant time and dose related inhibition of 3[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazoyl blue (MTT) reduction, and increased lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) release from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, at concentrations within the range of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) cytotoxicity, in vitro. Cytotoxicity was not inhibited by the addition of antioxidants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors or imipramine. In confluent monolayers, salsolinol stimulated catecholamine uptake with EC50 values of 17 muM and 11 muM, for noradrenaline and dopamine, respectively. Conversely, at concentrations above 100 muM, salsolinol inhibited the uptake of noradrenaline and dopamine, with IC50 values of 411 muM and 379 muM, respectively. The inhibition of catecholamine uptake corresponded to the increase displacement of [3H]nisoxetine from the uptake 1 site by salsolinol, as the Ki (353 muM) for displacement was similar to the IC50 (411 and 379 muM) for uptake. Salsolinol stimulated catecholamine uptake does not involve the uptake recognition site, or elevation of cAMP, cGMP, or inhibition of protein kinase C. Salsolinol also inhibited both carbachol (1 mM) and K+ (100 mM, Na+ adjusted) evoked released of noradrenaline from SH-SY5Y cells, with IC50 values of 500 muM and 120 muM, respectively. In conclusion, salsolinol appears to be cytotoxic to SH-SY5Y cells, via a mechanism that does not require uptake 1, bioactivation by monoamine oxidase, or membrane based free radical damage. The effects of salsolinol on catecholamine uptake, and the mechanism of toxicity require further investigation.

Fragm. lat. V 73 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: De anima (L. III); Propositiones notabiles super libros Aristotelis (De anima; Meteora; Physica, L. II c. 7 - 10)

Trägerband: Inc. oct. 473; 'Homil. cath. 686a'; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

(Table 1) C1 - C8 volatile compounds in sediments from DSDP Leg 63 Holes

Low-temperature diagenetic reactions (less than 50°C) are held responsible for the generation of small amounts of C1-C8 hydrocarbons (less than 100 ng hydrocarbon/g dry weight of sediment) at outer continental shelf Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 468 and 469 (sub-bottom depths 415 m and 454 m, respectively). In contrast, Site 471 shows an exponential rise in hydrocarbon yields at depths greater than 500 meters. The high yields of C4-C8 hydrocarbons (up to 30 ng hydrocarbon/g dry weight of sediment) in this area of high geothermal and volcanic activity suggest the penetration of an active petroleum-generating zone. Similar arguments apply to Site 467, where relatively high levels (up to 3 µg hydrocarbon/g dry weight sediment) occurred in very shallow (250-600 m) sediments.

Sea surface temperature reconstruction for sediment core M35003-4 in the western tropical North Atlantic

Planktonic foraminiferal census counts are used to construct high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) and subsurface (thermocline) temperature records at a core site in the Tobago Basin, Lesser Antilles. The record is used to document climatic variability at this tropical site in comparison to middle- and high-latitude sites and to test current concepts of cross-equatorial heat transports as a major player in interhemispheric climate variability. Temperatures are estimated using transfer function and modern analog techniques. Glacial - maximum cooling of 2.5°-3°C is indicated; maximum cooling by 4°C is inferred for isotope stage 3. The SST record displays millennial-scale variability with temperature jumps of up to 3°C and closely tracks the structure of ice-core Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles. SST variations in part of the record run opposite to the SST evolution at high northern latitude sites, pointing to thermohaline circulation and marine heat transport as an important factor driving SST in the tropical and high-latitude Atlantic, both on orbital and suborbital timescales.

(Table 1) Lipid biomarkers in surface sediments from the Gulf of Genoa

A series of molecular organic markers were determined in surface sediments from the Gulf of Genoa (Ligurian Sea) in order to evaluate their potential for palaeo-environmental reconstructions. Allochthonous input can be characterized by the distributions of n-C29 and n-C31 alkanes, n-C26 and n-C28 alkanols and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), whose concentrations are generally highest near the river mouths. In the open basin however, terrestrial n-alkanes and n-alkanols may have an additional, aeolian source. Autochthonous input is represented by crenarchaeol and isoprenoid GDGTs. Their concentrations are highest in the open basin showing the preference of Thaumarchaeota for oligotrophic waters. Indications of a significant degradation of sterols and C37 alkenones exclude these lipids as reliable productivity proxies. Using terrestrial and aquatic lipids as end-members allows estimating the percentage of terrestrial organic matter between 20% and 58% in the coastal area decreasing to 1 to 30% in the deep basin. The spatial distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) estimates using the alkenone-based UK'37 index is very similar to the autumnal (November) mean satellite-based SST distribution. Conversely, TEXH86-derived SST estimates are close to winter SSTs in the coastal area and summer SSTs in the open basin. This pattern reflects presumably a shift in the main production of Thaumarchaeota from the coastal area in winter to the open basin in summer. This study represents a major prerequisite for the future application of lipid biomarkers on sediment cores from the Gulf of Genoa.

Sea surface temperatures reconstructed from alkenones of surface sediment samples of the Argentine Basin at stations GeoB1501-1 to GeoB2830-1

We analysed the alkenone unsaturation ratio (UK'37) in 87 surface sediment samples from the western South Atlantic (5°N-50°S) in order to evaluate its applicability as a paleotemperature tool for this part of the ocean. The measured UK'37 ratios were converted into temperature using the global core-top calibration of Müller et al. (1998, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0) and compared with annual mean atlas sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) of overlying surface waters. The results reveal a close correspondence (<1.5°C) between atlas and alkenone temperatures for the Western Tropical Atlantic and the Brazil Current region north of 32°S, but deviating low alkenone temperatures by -2° to -6°C are found in the regions of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (35-39°S) and the Malvinas Current (41-48°S). From the oceanographic evidence these low UK'37 values cannot be explained by preferential alkenone production below the mixed layer or during the cold season. Higher nutrient availability and algal growth rates are also unlikely causes. Instead, our results imply that lateral displacement of suspended particles and sediments, caused by strong surface and bottom currents, benthic storms, and downslope processes is responsible for the deviating UK'37 temperatures. In this way, particles and sediments carrying a cold water UK'37 signal of coastal or southern origin are transported northward and offshore into areas with warmer surface waters. In the northern Argentine Basin the depth between displaced and unaffected sediments appears to coincide with the boundary between the northward flowing Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) and the southward flowing North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) at about 4000 m.

Variables asociadas al desempeño de la gestión orientada a resultados en la producción del servicio educativo

En los últimos veintitrés años, se ha logrado establecer una tendencia de crecimiento sostenido del presupuesto asignado en educación, lo cual se acentuado aún más en los últimos trece años. Adicionalmente al incremento presupuestal, a partir del año 2004, según datos del Minedu (2013), el número de alumnos matriculados en el sistema educativo ha disminuido en más de un millón. La disminución de matriculados, junto con el incremento presupuestal, han permitido mejorar los niveles de inversión por alumno matriculado de S/. 764 en el año 2000 a S/. 2432 en el año 2012. Sin embargo, en la evaluación censal de rendimiento escolar de 2013 –aplicada por el Ministerio de Educación–, solo el 33,0% de los estudiantes a nivel nacional alcanzó el nivel satisfactorio de aprendizaje en comprensión lectora, mientras que el 16,8% lo hizo en matemática. Estas cifras evidencian un avance tímido en relación con los resultados de la ECE 2012, que se reflejan en la mejora en 2,1 y 4,1 puntos porcentuales en comprensión lectora y en matemática respectivamente. Estos resultados –pese a que son positivos– están todavía lejos de alcanzar el logro esperado. De mantener esta tendencia, se requerirán varias decenas de años para llegar al 100% deseado. El incremento presupuestal descrito ha permitido que los tres niveles de gobierno cuenten con una magnitud de recursos sin precedentes, pero con limitaciones de gestión pública que impiden, en principio, gastar; y, luego, gastar adecuadamente. El presente trabajo de investigación propone, por un lado, las principales variables que se deben considerar para que el desempeño de la gestión de las instituciones responsables de la Educación Básica Regular en el nivel subnacional estén orientada a resultados; y, por otro, especificar las subvariables que estas requieren para poderse operativizar. El conocer y entender dichas las variables y subvariables permitirá, más adelante, precisar los indicadores necesarios para medir el desempeño de la gestión. De este modo, será posible que el sector Educación y las instancias relacionadas de los tres niveles de gobierno (bajo el proceso de descentralización y las funciones transferidas a los niveles sub-nacionales) dispongan de elementos específicos sobre los cuales puedan tomar decisiones y articular acciones operativas concretas para mejorar y acelerar los logros de aprendizaje en los niños y niñas.

Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en estudiantes del ciclo diversificado del cantón Machala, 2003

Con el objetivo de determinar la asociación entre factores de riesgo y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de Machala, y establecer una línea de base para intervenciones futuras. Se realiza el estudio con una muestra de 368 estudiantes, de ellos 115 casos y 253 controles. El análisdis estadístico con medidas de tendencia central y oddos ratio. Resultados: 80consumieron alcohol en alguna ocasión; 30de ellos son consumidores moderados y excesivos. Existe asociación entre consumo de alcohol y; 1) sexo masculino (OR 2.48, IC 1.53-4.02) 2) disfunción familiar (OR 2.97, IC 1.80-4.91), 3) consumo familiar (OR 1.89, IC 1.15-3.13), 4) consumo de amigos (OR 10.01, IC 4.54-22.9), 5) maltrato (OR 2.74, IC 1.67-4.53). Lugares y compañía preferidos: discotecas y barras, amigos y familiares. La cerveza es la bebida de mayor consumo. Conclusiones: Inicio de consumo promedio 14.9 años, la tendencia a un mayor consumo se asocia, con el sexo masculino, insatisfacción del adolescente con el funcionamiento familiar, transmisión de estilos de vida de familiares y amigos y maltrato. El consumo se da con mayor frecuencia en lugares prohibidos por el marco legal. El alcohol es aceptado socialmente y estimulado por los medios de comunicación social y la propia familia

Factores asociados al consumo de calcio en adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas

Objetivo: Explorar los hábitos de alimentación y los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos que se asocian al consumo de calcio en adolescentes embarazadas Métodos: En un estudio transversal analítico se incluyeron 321 participantes de 13 a 19 años de edad que acudieron a la consulta externa de la división de Gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca". Todas eran sanas, en cualquier trimestre del embarazo y pertenecían a los estratos socioeconómicos bajo y medio-bajo. Se realizaron encuestas dietéticas de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y recordatorio de 24 horas para identificar la ingestión de calcio. Se incluyeron datos socio-demográficos, económicos y hábitos de alimentación. Se utilizó la prueba de ji cuadrada, razón de momios y un modelo de regresión logística para identificar el significado epidemiológico de las variables asociadas con el consumo de calcio. Resultados: La ingestión de calcio en 61% de las adolescentes cubrió menos de 80% de la ingestión diaria recomendada. La ocupación de la adolescente en labores domésticas [OR 2.66 (1.28-5.53)], el bajo consumo de leche [OR 2.54 (1.37-4.0)] y derivados [OR 2.75 (1.09-7.0)], el exceso en el consumo de refresco de cola [OR 1.84 (1.04-3.28)] y la baja escolaridad de la madre [OR 1.83 (1.15-2.90)] fueron los factores con mayor significado epidemiológico en el consumo inadecuado de calcio. Conclusión: La ingestión de calcio es deficiente en la mayoría de las adolescentes embarazadas y existen factores de riesgo que deben ser identificados y atendidos. Asimismo, por sus condiciones de riesgo, es necesario evaluar el estado nutricio de calcio con métodos más precisos y específicos.

Diseñar oficina: ¡bienvenidos al trabajo! : oficina hotel a la vista

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Propuesta de mejora al seguimiento y fidelización del cliente en la empresa Invera a través de los principios de la herramienta CRM

44 p.