999 resultados para UDK:321


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Julkaistu: Åbo : tryckt, hos directeruren och kongl. boktr. i Stor. förstendömet Finland, Jacob Merckell , [1753]

Alkuperäisen ulkoasutiedot: [1-2] 3-40 s. ; 4:o

Omistushistoria: Hh: A. R. Cederberg; H Reenpää: Ex libris Heikki Reenpää 1971

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BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) rose 18-fold between 1998 and 2011. We aimed to evaluate transmission risk factors, awareness, and seroprevalence of HCV among MSM in southwest Switzerland. METHODS: From 1st June 2011 to 31st August 2012, trained health care professionals invited individuals attending (1) MSM screening clinics and (2) indoor and outdoor meeting areas to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Consenting participants were rapid tested for HCV (OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test). RESULTS: Of 918 MSM approached, 654 agreed to participate, most of whom (536, 82%) were enrolled via MSM screening clinics. Of 654 participants, 21 (3.2%) disclosed being HIV positive; 140 (21%) had unknown HIV status. In the preceding 12 months, 357 (55%) of 654 participants reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and 321 (49%) of 654 participants reported UAI with partners of different/unknown HIV status. Not HIV serosorting was reported more frequently among HIV-positive individuals (76%, P < 0.001). Three hundred two participants (46%) were aware of HCV, awareness being higher among clinic than meeting area participants (49% vs. 33%, P = 0.04). One individual (of 654; 0.2%), with a negative HIV test result 18 months previously was newly diagnosed as being HCV positive on rapid testing. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of predominantly HIV-negative MSM, half the participants were aware of HCV and HCV seroprevalence was low. However, high rates of UAI and of UAI without HIV serosorting were reported. Given the increasing incidence of HCV among HIV-positive men, we propose that HCV counseling should be offered to MSM regardless of HIV status, with testing offered to those at high risk.

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Maantieteen lainattavien monografioiden kokoelma sisältää 7288 (7.8.2007) nidettä. Kokoelma on luokiteltu UDK-luokituksen mukaisesti. Asiasanoituksessa on käytetty YSA:n asiasanoja sekä tarpeen vaatiessa vapaita asiasanoja. Kopioinnissa tulleita asiasanoja ei ole poistettu, vaan ne ovat käytössä (esim. Kongressin asiasanat). Monografiat ovat pääosin englannin-, suomen, saksan- ja ruotsinkielisiä. Kirjat ovat vapaasti käytettävissä ja lainattavissa. Laina-aika on 28 vuorokautta. Kokoelman kehittäjien tavoitteena on aina ollut korkeatasoinen maantieteen tieteellinen kokoelma, joka vastaa ainelaitoksen tutkijoiden, opettajien ja opiskelijoiden tarpeita. Laitoksen johto on pitänyt tärkeänä riittävää budjetointia hankinnan tarpeisiin. Hankintapäätökset on tehnyt tieteenalan asiantuntija, yleensä laitoksen johtaja yhteistyössä kirjaston kanssa. Käyttäjät ovat pääsääntöisesti olleet omalta ainelaitokselta, mutta tieteenalan luonteen vuoksi kokoelman käyttäjiä ovat myös lukuisten lähitieteiden tutkijat ja muut yksityishenkilöt. Maantieteen kokoelma sisältää myös laajan aluesuunnittelun kokoelman.

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This study examines both the motives for and the benefits of attending a uni- versity programme for older people (UPOP) in Spain, and how they vary with the type of UPOP. Two UPOP models were assessed: The"Older People"s Classes" of the University of Barcelona, which is organised as a lecture course, and the"University of Experience" at the University of Valencia, which is a three- or four- year variant of regular university degrees. A sample of 321 older students (mean age 67.5 years) was gathered from the two UPOPs, 161 participants from the former and 157 from the latter. The findings suggest that expressive motives such as acquiring knowledge, expanding the mind or learning for the joy of learning were the most important reasons for joining a UPOP, and that among the perceived benefits from taking classes at university featured"gaining more friends","enhanced self or life-satisfaction" and"joy in life". Perceived benefits were particularly high among the less educated and the older students. While students participating in the Older People"s Classes were older and included relatively more women, differences between the two models in motives and benefits did not exist or were slight. These results are discussed in the context of new strategies to improve university courses aimed at older students.

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Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää hoitotyön opettajien käsityksiä potilasohjauksen opetuksesta suomenkielisissä hoitotyön koulutusohjelmissa ammattikorkeakouluissa. Tutkimukseen osallistui 103 (n) hoitotyön opettajaa kymmenestä ammattikorkeakoulusta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa potilasohjauksen opetuksen perustasta, sisällöstä ja menetelmistä. Tutkimus oli kuvaileva kyselytutkimus, jossa käytetty kyselylomake laadittiin kyseistä tutkimusta varten. Tutkimuksen vastausprosentiksi muodostui 32 % (N = 321). Aineiston strukturoitujen kysymysten vastaukset analysoitiin tilastollisesti ja puolistrukturoitujen ja avoimien kysymysten vastaukset analysoitiin sisällön erittelyllä. Tilastollinen analyysi toteutettiin SPSS 16.0 -tilastonkäsittelyohjelmalla. Tulosten mukaan potilasohjauksen opetus perustui ammatilliseen tietoon, hoitotieteelliseen tutkimustietoon, käypä hoito -suosituksiin ja ohjausteorioihin. Potilasohjauksen opetus sisälsi potilaan voimavaroja tukevan ohjauksen opetusta, potilaan ohjaustarpeiden kartoittamisen opetusta ja ohjausprosessin sekä vuorovaikutustaitojen harjoittelua. Potilasohjausta harjoiteltiin ohjaamalla potilasta lääkehoitoon liittyvissä asioissa, valmistamalla potilasta hoitoon tai tutkimuksiin ja keskustelemalla potilaan kanssa jatkohoidosta. Potilasohjauksen menetelmistä harjoiteltiin yksilöohjausta ja ryhmäohjausta. Opettajien käsityksen mukaan potilasohjauksen opetuksen jälkeen opiskelijat huomioivat potilaan ohjaustarpeet, varmistavat potilaan ymmärtäneen ohjatun asian oikein ja kirjaavat potilasohjauksen sairauskertomukseen. Opettajien määritelmissä potilasohjauksessa korostuivat potilaan tarpeet, vuorovaikutus ja ohjauksen tavoitteellisuus. Potilasohjauksen opetusta koskevat kehittämisehdotukset kohdentuivat potilasohjauksen opetukseen varattujen resurssien lisäämiseen, opetussuunnitelmatyöhön ja potilasohjauksen opetuksen profiilin nostamiseen. Potilasohjauksen opetus oli pääasiassa integroitu ammatillisten aineiden opetukseen ja sen systemaattinen eteneminen toteutui vain osassa ammattikorkeakouluja. Potilasohjauksen opetuksen yhteydessä tulee potilaan elämänhallintaa tukevia tiedollisia osa-alueita harjoitella kattavasti ja lisätä nykyaikaisten sekä monipuolisten ohjausmenetelmien opetusta.

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The present work shows a method for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) antibiotic in milk, powder milk and honey. The solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were applied as a clean-up and pre-concentration strategies followed by LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis. The recovery was studied for different fortification levels from 0.05 to 1.00 µg L-1 in milk, showing values between 91 101% and RSD bellow 8.0%, while honey was spiked with a concentration of 0.20 µg kg-1 yelding a mean recovery of 83% and RSD of 6.5%. The quantification transition 321>152 showed a LOD of 0.52 ng kg-1 and LOQ of 1.85 ng kg-1.

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In animal psychology, the open-field (OF) test is a traditional method for studying different aspects of rodent behavior, with thigmotaxis (i.e., wallseeking behavior) being one of the best validated OF parameters employed to measure emotionality. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the selection response in mice selectively bred for high and low levels of OF thigmotaxis (the HOFT and LOFT lines, respectively). The mice (N = 2048) were selected for 23 generations, resulting in bidirectional phenotypic divergence between the two lines; that is, the HOFT mice were more thigmotactic (i.e., more emotional) than the LOFT mice across the different generations. The origin of the line difference in thigmotaxis was further investigated by using the crossfostering paradigm, with the results suggesting that the divergence between the two lines was primarily innate in origin and not influenced by differing maternal behavior. The stability of the selection trait was examined by testing the animals at different ages as well as in varying conditions. The results indicated that the line difference in thigmotaxis was not affected by age at the time of testing, and it also persisted in the different OF testing situations as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The examination of a possible coselection of other characteristics revealed that the more thigmotactic HOFT mice lived longer than the less thigmotactic LOFT mice. In addition, the HOFT mice tended to rear and explore less than the LOFT mice, supporting the general assumption that emotionality and exploration are inversely related. The two lines did not generally differ in ambulation and defecation, that is, in the traditional OF indexes of emotionality, conforming to the suggestion that emotionality is a multidimensional construct. The effects of sex on different OF parameters were also assessed, with the results suggesting that among the HOFT and LOFT lines, the female mice were more emotional than the male mice. The examination of the temporal changes in the HOFT and LOFT lines’ OF behavior revealed some contradictory findings that also partially conflicted with general assumptions. Although this study did not show prominent differences in maternal responsiveness between the HOFT and LOFT mothers, the results suggested that the line divergence in emotionality was more pronounced in the presence of a pup after parturition than during pregnancy. The present study clearly demonstrates that OF thigmotaxis is a strong characteristic for producing two diverging lines of mice. The difference in thigmotaxis between the selectively bred HOFT and LOFT mice seemed to be a stable and robust feature of these animals, and it appeared to stem from a genetic background.

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Invocatio: [Alpha et Omega].

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Invocatio: Divina adfulgente gratia.

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Invocatio: [hepreaa].

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Invocatio: D.D.