Seasonal changes in blood oxygen transport and acid-base status in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis merianae

Oxygen-binding properties, blood gases, and acid-base parameters were studied in tegu lizards, Tupinambis merianae, at different seasons and temperatures. Independent of temperature and pH, blood oxygen affinity was higher in dormant lizards than in those active during the summer. Haematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin content ([Hb]) were greater in active lizards resulting in a higher oxygen-carrying capacity. Nucleoside triphosphate content ([NTP]) was reduced during dormancy, but the ratio between [NTP] and [Hb] remained unchanged. Dormancy was accompanied by an increase in plasma bicarbonate ([HCO(3)(-)]PI) and an elevation of arterial CO(2) partial pressure (P(aCO2)) and CO(2) content in the plasma (C(PlCO2)). These changes in acid-base parameters persist over a broad range of body temperatures. In vivo, arterial O(2) partial pressure (Pa(O2)) and O(2) content (Ca(O2)) were not affected by season and tended to increase with temperature. Arterial pH (pH(a)) of dormant animals is reduced compared to active lizards at body temperatures below 15 degreesC, while no significant difference was noticed at higher temperatures. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The WIPO development agenda and the contribution of the international library community

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the international strengthening of copyright law in developing countries and the active involvement of the international library community in the movement against it.Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes the overprotection of intellectual property rights through international and bilateral treaties, the reaction against such through the proposal of a WIPO development agenda, and the contribution of the international library organizations to the debates and discussions in the WIPO arena.Findings - The initiative for a development agenda for WIPO has proven much more successful than many had imagined, even its promoters. The most relevant proposals made by the international library community were included in the final list of approved recommendations.Originality/value - The paper raises awareness of the relationship between copyright and access to knowledge and, in consequence, the need for library organizations to exert influence in such legislation.

Economics of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean: summary 2010

Spanish version available at the Library

Energy, industrial development, air and atmospheric pollution and climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean: new policies, lessons, best practices and opportunities for horizontal cooperation

Includes bibliography

The millennium development goals and the challenges facing Latin America and the Caribbean in making progress towards higher levels of well-being, better human capital and more equal opportunities

Includes bibliography

Structural reforms, technological gaps and economic development: a Latin American perspective

Includes bibliography

Social dimensions of economic development and productivity: inequality and social performance

Includes bibliography

The Mexican maquila industry and the environment: an overview of the issues

Includes bibliography

Political violence and economic development in Latin America: issues and evidence

Includes bibliography

Long run economic development in Latin America in a comparative perspective: proximate and ultimate causes

Includes bibliography

Planificación en economías mixtas de mercado y los paradigmas del desarrollo: problemas y alternativas = Planning in mixed market economies and the paradigms of development: problems and alternatives

Analiza la mayor integracion en una economia mundial inestable e incierta, los limites y potencialidades del actual esquema de planificacion, la crisis de los paradigmas economicos, y la necesidad de constituir un nuevo paradigma economico con un enfoque multidisciplinario.

El desarrollo económico de Panamá = The economic development of Panama

Incluye Bibliografía