782 resultados para Teoría bayesiana de decisiones estadísticas--Tesis
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 11-05-1863.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída en 09-12-1866.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, Sección de Derecho Civil y Canónico, leída el 02-07-1866.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 12-06-1854.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 07-11-1854.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 05-02-1864.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Jurisprudencia, leída el 28-05-1859.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 26-11-1867.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 17-10-1859.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 25-11-1862.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 09-12-1866.
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Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 04-04-1866.
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En este estudio se examina la relación entre el comportamiento reproductivo y algunas características de la nupcialidad en el Brasil, sobre la base de datos de las Encuestas de Demografía y Salud (Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)) de 1986 y 1996 y de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud de la Infancia y la Mujer (PNDS) de 2006. Los resultados indican que el nivel de fecundidad de las mujeres que viven en uniones consensuales es un poco más elevado que el de las que optan por el matrimonio. Sin embargo, también se constata un movimiento de convergencia entre los niveles de fecundidad de ambos grupos. Para establecer el aporte de cada tipo de unión al cálculo de la fecundidad total se aplica la descomposición de la tasa de fecundidad. Además de aumentar la proporción de las uniones consensuales a lo largo del tiempo, crece también la participación de este tipo de unión en la fecundidad total. Se argumenta que el significado de tener hijos ha cambiado y que, en el caso brasileño, las uniones consensuales pueden comprenderse mejor a la luz de la teoría de la institucionalización.
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Research on women’s employment has proliferated over recent decades, often under a perspective that conceptualizes female labour market activity as independent of male presences and absences in the productive and reproductive spheres. In the face of these approaches, the article argues the need to focus on the couple as the unit of analysis of work-life articulation. After referring to the main theoretical arguments that, from a gender perspective within labour studies, have pointed out the relevance of placing the household as the central space for the analysis of the sexual division of labour, the article reviews different empirical contributions that have incorporated such perspective in the international literature. Next, the state of the art in the Spanish literature is presented, before arguing the desirability of applying such framework of analysis to the study of employment and care work in Spanish households, which are at present undergoing major transformations.
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This work represents an original contribution to the methodology for ecosystem models' development as well as the rst attempt of an end-to-end (E2E) model of the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem (NHCE). The main purpose of the developed model is to build a tool for ecosystem-based management and decision making, reason why the credibility of the model is essential, and this can be assessed through confrontation to data. Additionally, the NHCE exhibits a high climatic and oceanographic variability at several scales, the major source of interannual variability being the interruption of the upwelling seasonality by the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which has direct e ects on larval survival and sh recruitment success. Fishing activity can also be highly variable, depending on the abundance and accessibility of the main shery resources. This context brings the two main methodological questions addressed in this thesis, through the development of an end-to-end model coupling the high trophic level model OSMOSE to the hydrodynamics and biogeochemical model ROMS-PISCES: i) how to calibrate ecosystem models using time series data and ii) how to incorporate the impact of the interannual variability of the environment and shing. First, this thesis highlights some issues related to the confrontation of complex ecosystem models to data and proposes a methodology for a sequential multi-phases calibration of ecosystem models. We propose two criteria to classify the parameters of a model: the model dependency and the time variability of the parameters. Then, these criteria along with the availability of approximate initial estimates are used as decision rules to determine which parameters need to be estimated, and their precedence order in the sequential calibration process. Additionally, a new Evolutionary Algorithm designed for the calibration of stochastic models (e.g Individual Based Model) and optimized for maximum likelihood estimation has been developed and applied to the calibration of the OSMOSE model to time series data. The environmental variability is explicit in the model: the ROMS-PISCES model forces the OSMOSE model and drives potential bottom-up e ects up the foodweb through plankton and sh trophic interactions, as well as through changes in the spatial distribution of sh. The latter e ect was taken into account using presence/ absence species distribution models which are traditionally assessed through a confusion matrix and the statistical metrics associated to it. However, when considering the prediction of the habitat against time, the variability in the spatial distribution of the habitat can be summarized and validated using the emerging patterns from the shape of the spatial distributions. We modeled the potential habitat of the main species of the Humboldt Current Ecosystem using several sources of information ( sheries, scienti c surveys and satellite monitoring of vessels) jointly with environmental data from remote sensing and in situ observations, from 1992 to 2008. The potential habitat was predicted over the study period with monthly resolution, and the model was validated using quantitative and qualitative information of the system using a pattern oriented approach. The nal ROMS-PISCES-OSMOSE E2E ecosystem model for the NHCE was calibrated using our evolutionary algorithm and a likelihood approach to t monthly time series data of landings, abundance indices and catch at length distributions from 1992 to 2008. To conclude, some potential applications of the model for shery management are presented and their limitations and perspectives discussed.