Associação da frequência alélica dos polimorfismos dos genes do sistema renina angiotensina com a força muscular e pressão arterial de idosas

Physiological changes induced by the aging process is dynamic and progressive, reducing the adaptability and independence of older people and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the ACE gene ID and the phenotypes of muscular strength and blood pressure of 62 elderly Brazilian (67.35 ± 5.66 years) during a 16-week program of supervised training. The elderly women were stratified by age, with the group 1 (G1, n = 34) <70 years and group 2 (G2 n = 28) ≥ 70 years, and in three groups by ACE, ACE-II (n = 8) ACE- DD (n = 35) and ACE-ID (n = 19). The level of muscle strength was evaluated by the method of maximum repetitions and measures of blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after training (PAPré1 and PAPós1) and before and after each training session (PAPre2 and PAPós2), in place of training. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes polymorphism and insertion / deletion (ID) of the ACE gene (rs1800795) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus PCR-confirmatory. The genotype distribution of the polymorphism ID attended the prerogatives of Hardy-Weitíherg. There was variation in power levels before and after training and the age between groups (t-test) and the ACE polymorphism (ANOVA) (p <0.05). Depending on the results it was concluded that resistance training helps to reduce SBP and increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs when considering the age and ACE polymorphism. In this study the Elderly carriers of the D allele were more reactive to changes in BP resistance training. This study was multidisciplinary project involving researchers in the areas Medical, Physical Education, Pharmacy, Nutrition, Gerontology and Statistics. This fulfilled the requirements of the multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences

Obtenção de sistemas multiparticulados de isoniazida revestidos com polímero de liberação entérica

Known for thousands of years, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious disease due to lack of patient adherence to available treatment regimens, the rising of multidrug resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) and co-infection with HIV virus. Isoniazid and rifampicin are the most powerful bactericidal agents against M. tuberculosis. Because of that, this couple of drugs becomes unanimity in anti-TB treatment around the world. However, the rifampicin in acidic conditions in the stomach can be degraded rapidly, especially in the presence of isoniazid, which reduces the amount of available drug for absorption, as well as its bioavailability, contributing to the growing resistance to tuberculostatic drugs. Rifampicin is well absorbed in the stomach because of its high solubility between pH 1 and 2 and the gastric absorption of isoniazid is considered poor, therefore it is mostly intestinal. This work has as objective the development of gastro-resistant multiple-systems (granules and pellets) of isoniazid aiming to prevent the contact with rifampicin, with consequent degradation in acid stomach and modulate the release of isoniazid in the intestine. Granules of isoniazid were obtained by wet method using both alcoholic and aqueous solutions of PVP K-30 as aggregating and binder agent, at proportions of 5, 8 and 10%. The influence of the excipients (starch, cellulose or filler default) on the physical and technological properties of the granules was investigated. The pellets were produced by extrusionesferonization technique using isoniazid and microcrystalline cellulose MC 101 (at the proportion of 85:15) and aqueous solution of 1% Methocel as platelet. The pellets presented advantages over granular, such as: higher apparent density, smaller difference between apparent and compaction densities, smoother surface and, especially, smaller friability, and then were coated with an organic solution of Acrycoat L 100 ® in a fluidized bed. Different percentages of coating (15, 25 and 50%) were applied to the pellets which had their behavior evaluated in vitro by dissolution in acidic and basic medium. Rifampicin dissolution in the presence of uncoated and coated isoniazid pellets was evaluated too. The results indicate that the gastro resistance was only achieved with the greatest amount of coating and isoniazid is released successfully in basic step. The amount of rifampicin in the dissolution medium when the isoniazid pellets were not coated was lower than in the presence of enteric release pellets. Therefore, the polymer Acrycoat L 100 ® was efficient for coating with gastro-resistant function and can solve the problem of low bioavailability of rifampicin and help to reduce its dosage

Identificação e fatores de virulência de Candida spp isoladas da cavidade bucal de transplantados renais do hospital universitário Onofre Lopes em Natal-RN

Despite Candida species are often human commensals isolated from various oral sites such as: tongue, cheek and palatal mucosa plus subgingival region, there are some properties linked to the organism commonly known as virulence factors which confer them the ability to produce disease. Oral candidiasis is one of the main oral manifestations reported in literature related to kidney transplant patients. The objectives of the present study were to identify and investigate virulence factors of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients admitted at the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, in Natal RN. Seventy Candida species isolated from 111 kidney transplant recipients were investigated in this study. Identification of the isolates was performed by using the evidence of germ tube formation, hypertonic broth, tolerance to grow at 42°C, micromorphology and biochemical profiles. We observed a high rate of isolation of yeasts from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients (63.1%) being C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 14.4% of transplant recipients. We evaluated virulence properties of the isolates regarding to: biofilm formation on polystyrene microplates as well as XTT reduction, adherence to acrylic resin and human buccal epithelial cells and proteinase activity. Most isolates were able to form biofilm by the method of adhesion to polystyrene. All isolates of Candida spp. remained viable during biofilm formation when analyzed by the method of XTT reduction. The number of CFU attached to the acrylic resin suggested high adherence for C. parapsilosis. C. albicans isolates showed higher median adherence to human buccal epithelial cells than non-C. albicans Candida isolates. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. C. dubliniensis showed low ability to adhere to plastic and epithelial cells and biofilm formation. Proteolytic activity was observed for all the isolates investigated, including the unique isolate of C. dubliniensis. There was a statistically significant association between proteinase production and the presence of oral candidiasis. Studies related to oral candidiasis in renal transplant recipients are limited to clinical and epidemiological data, but investigations concerning Candida spp. virulence factor for this group of individuals are still scarce. We emphasize the importance of studies related to virulence factors of yeasts isolated from this population to contribute to the knowledge of microbiological aspects of oral candidiasis

Fertilidade do caranguejo de mangue Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae), em Iguape (São Paulo, Brasil)

A total of 58 Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) ovigerous females in final embryonic stage were collected in mangrove forest at Iguape (São Paulo). Each female were kept in laboratory until the larvae hatching and had their carapace width (CW) measured with caliper (0.05 mm) and the larval number (LN) calculated by volumetric method. The hatching rates (HR) were calculated for each animal's size class (5 mm). The values of LN and CW obtained were subjected to regression analyses and the best fitting model was chosen by comparing the obtained determination coefficients (R²). The fertility varied from 71,200 to 220,800 larvae (147,169 ± 32,070 larvae), corresponding to 41.7 to 76.8 mm CW (63.7±7.9 mm), respectively. The relationship LNxCW was expressed by the equation LN = 284.1CW1.5º¹ (N = 58; R² = 0.74; p < 0.01), that showed a positive correlation between the variables. Most part of ovigerous females (89.7%) showed their hatching during the nightly period. A negative correlation between HR and CW was observed in these animals (p < 0.05), probably due to reduction of spermatophores in the seminal receptacle (multiparous females) or due to senility in the females with large size. The biological studies of U. cordatus are very important for practices adoption that preserve and make the rational use of this recourse in Brazilian's mangrove forests.

Fatores genéticos e ambientais sobre a probabilidade de prenhez precoce em bovinos Caracu

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Faixas de suficiência para a cultura do algodão no centro-oeste do Brasil: I. macronutrientes

The cotton growth occupies about 1.1 million hectares in Brazil and the midwest, especially the state of Mato Grosso, is the largest producer in the country. This work aimed to establish the sufficiency ranges for macronutrients in cotton crops by the method of mathematical chance. The work was carried out from 2000 to 2003 in the cities of Costa Rica (MS), Diamantino and Sapezal (MT), totaling 152 samples of plant tissue and yield. The chance mathematics method was adequate for to establish cotton macronutrients references values, can be to help parameters were the conventional research cannot to prove in the small time space. The use of different yields for the calculation of mathematical chance (4,000 and 4,500kg ha(-1)) in the population studied, no difference between the sufficiency ranges for macronutrients. The macronutrients sufficiency range was, in the mg kg(-1), 33-45; 3.8-5.3; 15-21; 20-36; 4.0-7.2 e 2.8-8.6 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectly. The indicated range, however to similar with the recommendations published, they demonstrate improvement about to obtainment of increases productivities.

Distribuição espacial de Phytophthora nicotianae e reação de cultivares de cebola ao fungo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre o perímetro escrotal de animais da raça Caracu

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos de idade (IDS) e peso aos 15 meses (P15) sobre medidas de perímetro escrotal ao sobreano de 1.892 machos da raça Caracu e estimada a herdabilidade desta característica. Utilizaram-se dois modelos de análise: em um dos modelos, foram incluídos o efeito de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) e, como covariável, a idade ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático); e, no outro, o efeito de GC e, como covariável, o peso ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático). A idade não teve efeito significativo no perímetro escrotal, o que está relacionado à homogeneidade dos animais nos grupos de contemporâneos, enquanto os efeitos linear e quadrático de P15 foram significativos sobre o perímetro escrotal, indicando grande influência do peso sobre a variação desta característica. A herdabilidade do perímetro escrotal foi estimada pelo método Bayesiano utilizando-se um modelo animal. O modelo incluiu os efeitos de GC e P15 (linear e quadrático) e os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e residual. O valor médio estimado de herdabilidade do PE ao sobreano foi 0,38 e comprova que esta característica pode ser utilizada como critério de seleção para precocidade sexual em programas de melhoramento genético de animais da raça Caracu.

Uso da krigagem indicatriz na avaliação de indicadores de fertilidade do solo

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar zonas diferenciadas de manejo por meio de indicadores de fertilidade em Latossolos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, utilizando-se a técnica de krigagem indicatriz, com vistas em buscar um aprimoramento na utilização de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. O estudo foi realizado em uma área de 90 ha pertencente a uma área maior de 1.900 ha, localizada em Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21 ° 15 ' S e 48 ° 18 ' W). Na área experimental, foi estabelecida uma malha de amostragem regular de 50 m, com 420 pontos. em cada ponto, coletou-se uma amostra de solo, na qual foram determinados os teores de matéria orgânica, P, K disponíveis e o valor de V. Os dados obtidos para estas características do solo, assim como as combinações entre elas, foram codificados em valores indicadores 0 ou 1, conforme as variáveis apresentassem valores acima ou abaixo do valor de corte estabelecido, escolhido para cada variável, respectivamente. Os resultados propiciaram a confecção de mapas de probabilidade de cada variável (individual e combinada), o que possibilitou identificar regiões com diferentes níveis de fertilidade do solo na área experimental.

Mineralização potencial e líquida de nitrogênio em solos

Os métodos de incubação de solo fornecem subsídios técnicos para a avaliação da mineralização e disponibilidade de N. Nesse sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a mineralização potencial e líquida do N orgânico em solos e relacioná-la à disponibilidade de N para plantas. Amostras de 22 solos coletadas na camada arável (0 a 20 cm) foram submetidas à incubação em condições aeróbias a 35 °C, por 30 semanas, e anaeróbias a 40 °C, por sete dias, e utilizadas em experimento, em casa de vegetação, em que o milho foi a planta-teste. Durante a incubação por 30 semanas, houve aumento do N mineralizado na segunda semana, seguido de diminuição e estabilização a partir da quarta semana. Este comportamento resultou em ajuste do N mineralizado (Nm) ao modelo exponencial de decrescimento e do N mineralizado acumulado (Nmac) ao modelo exponencial de crescimento, a partir do qual foi possível calcular o N potencialmente mineralizável (N0). As quantidades de N0 refletiram a mineralização e a disponibilidade de N em longo prazo. Contudo, o Nmac apresentou maior grau de correlação com o N disponível medido pelas plantas (concentração de N e N acumulado na parte aérea) do que o N0, e valores altos de correlação foram obtidos já após duas semanas de incubação, o que indica que a modelagem matemática pode ser dispensada e o período de incubação pode ser encurtado. O N total do solo foi melhor índice da mineralização potencial e líquida de N orgânico do que a matéria orgânica do solo, principalmente em longo prazo. O método de incubação anaeróbia de curta duração pode ser utilizado para cálculo da estimativa do N0, e a subtração do N-NH4+ inicial não contribuiu para melhorar a estimativa da mineralização e da disponibilidade de N por meio deste método, o que o torna ainda mais simples e viável.

Análise multivariada na compactação de um latossolo vermelho cultivado com milho

Os solos submetidos aos sistemas de produção sem preparo estão sujeitos à compactação, provocada pelo tráfego de máquinas, tornando necessário o acompanhamento das alterações do ambiente físico, que, quando desfavorável, restringe o crescimento radicular, podendo reduzir a produtividade das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de compactação na qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho textura média, localizado em Jaboticabal (SP), sob cultivo de milho, usando métodos de estatística multivariada. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis intensidades de compactação e quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas do solo nas camadas de 0,02-0,05, 0,08-0,11 e 0,15-0,18 m para determinação da densidade do solo (Ds), na camada de 0-0,20 m. As características da cultura avaliadas foram: densidade radicular, diâmetro radicular, matéria seca das raízes, altura das plantas, altura de inserção da primeira espiga, diâmetro do colmo e matéria seca das plantas. As análises de agrupamentos e componentes principais permitiram identificar três grupos de alta, média e baixa produtividade de plantas de milho, segundo variáveis do solo, do sistema radicular e da parte aérea das plantas. A classificação dos acessos em grupos foi feita por três métodos: método de agrupamentos hierárquico, método não-hierárquico k-means e análise de componentes principais. Os componentes principais evidenciaram que elevadas produtividades de milho estão correlacionadas com o bom crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, em condições de menor densidade do solo, proporcionando elevada produção de matéria seca das raízes, contudo, de pequeno diâmetro. A qualidade física do Latossolo Vermelho para o cultivo do milho foi assegurada até à densidade do solo de 1,38 Mg m-3.

Digestibility for dogs and cats of meat and bone meal processed at two different temperature and pressure levels

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Fruticultura Irrigada de pequenos produtores no Baixo-Açu: Uma análise da eficiência de custo

This work has as an objective analyze the efficiency of producers costs of the irrigation Project Baixo-Açu , and identify the determining factors of this efficiency. To achieve these targets it was estimated, in a first stage, a frontier of costs by the method, non parametric of Data Envelopment Analysis-DEA, and measured the stakes of efficiency producers. On the second stage, it was utilized the Tobit regression pattern, estimating an inefficiency function of costs, and were indentified the associated factors of resources waste. Among the results found it was noticed the existence of a high waste of resources, that represent more than 54% of effective cost. Among the factors with the highest wastes are: energy, herbicides, defensives and chemical fertilizers. In a general way, the producers presented low efficiency level and, only, two, of seventy-five researched, achieved the frontier of costs minimization. These results reveal, in a certain way, that the producers in irrigated fruit growing in the project Baixo-Açu don t seek to minimize the production costs. It was still noticed, that the reduction of resources waste, and this way the inefficiency of costs, is associated with the agriculturalist education, his experience in agriculture, his access to the technical assistance and credit

Reconfigurações industriais das regiões metropolitanas do Nordeste: uma análise a partir do emprego formal

Industrial development experienced by Brazil from the 1950s, changed the concentration of population in the country. The process of development of domestic industry, concentrated in urban areas, crowded growing portion of the population.The Southeast region during the first stage of industrialization driven by the state, with the implementation of Plan goals, captained the major industrial projects implemented in the period and became the main industrial center of the country.In the decade from 1960 to 1980 the state action was marked by numerous regional development projects, softening the industrial concentration and Brazilian investment redirected to the Northeast.The second National Development Plan implemented in the 1970s led to major investments Northeast.This period marked the widespread urban growth and institutionalization of the first metropolitan areas in Brazil.The change of this developmental process is altered with the fiscal and financial crisis of the state in the 1980s and 1990s and spending cuts aimed at national development, reorienting the economy to liberal policies of economic liberalization and reduction of activity in the economy.Industrial policy was relegated to local development plans from the 1990s to the federating units fitting the wide use of tax incentives, the "war tax" to the continued industrialization process.In this context of the national economy work seeks to analyze the industrial setting in the metropolitan areas of Fortaleza, Recife and Salvador between 1995 and 2010.Although the metropolitan areas of Fortaleza, Recife and Salvador are the main urban centers of the Northeast, responsible for the advancement of industrial development, reconfigurations occurred between 1995 and 2010 by changing the level of industrial specialization built by regional division of labor in these regions.The work will be carried out by the method of descriptive analysis of the literature review on regional and urban development.Constitute quantitative method as the secondary data analysis of formal employment from the Annual Social Information (RAIS) Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE).Using data RAIS / MTE analyzes the industrial specialization index using the Locational Quotient (LQ).Thus, it is assumed as a parameter analysis QL> 1, when the region has become specialized in a particular sector or QL <1, when the region does not have expertise in industrial sector analyzed.The conclusion of study indicates that there was in these metropolitan areas maintained the same bias hub.Fiscal policies, the states, was not successful in diversifying the productive structure and the Northeast region itself.This result is demonstrated by the need and dependence on state investments in the region to promote development.Industrial policies of recent years have been positive to meet the objectives of employment generation, but there must be specific policies for better diversification of production, in addition to integrating the economy of the Northeast sector and regionally

Efeitos ambientais e genéticos sobre peso, perímetro escrotal e escores de avaliação visual à desmama em bovinos da raça Canchim

Os efeitos de ano e época de nascimento, propriedade, sexo do bezerro, regime alimentar, idade do bezerro e idade da vaca ao parto, os efeitos aditivos direto e materno da raça Charolesa e o efeito de heterose materna entre as raças Charolesa e zebu foram avaliados pelo método dos quadrados míninos sobre características de importância econômica, como peso, perímetro escrotal e escores visuais de conformação frigorífica, de umbigo e de pelame à desmama em bovinos da raça Canchim. Utilizaram-se dados de 12.334 animais Canchim nascidos de 1999 a 2005. O ano e a época de nascimento, a propriedade, o regime alimentar e a idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático) tiveram efeitos significativos sobre todas as características estudadas. Houve efeitos do sexo sobre o peso do bezerro à desmama e o escore de umbigo; da idade do bezerro sobre peso, perímetro escrotal e escores de conformação frigorífica e de pelame; e das proporções de Charolês no bezerro e na mãe sobre o peso, a conformação frigorífica e a qualidade de pelagem; e da heterozigose materna sobre peso, perímetro escrotal e escores de conformação frigorífica e de umbigo. Os efeitos aditivos diretos da raça Charolesa como desvio do zebu foram negativos sobre peso, conformação frigorífica e qualidade da pelagem à demama, enquanto os efeitos aditivos maternos foram positivos. Os efeitos heteróticos maternos foram positivos sobre peso, perímetro escrotal e escores de conformação frigorífica e de umbigo. em geral, essas fontes de variação devem ser consideradas nas estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e nas avaliações genéticas dos animais Canchim para as características estudadas.