Selected polymorphisms in sex hormone-related genes, circulating sex hormones and risk of endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role of estrogen and progesterone in the development of endometrial cancer is well documented. Few studies have examined the association of genetic variants in sex hormone-related genes with endometrial cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within three cohorts to examine the association of endometrial cancer risk with polymorphisms in hormone-related genes among 391 cases (92% postmenopausal at diagnosis) and 712 individually-matched controls. We also examined the association of these polymorphisms with circulating levels of sex hormones and SHBG in a cross-sectional analysis including 596 healthy postmenopausal women at blood donation (controls from this nested case-control study and from a nested case-control study of breast cancer in one of the three cohorts). RESULTS: Adjusting for endometrial cancer risk factors, the A allele of rs4775936 in CYP19 was significantly associated (OR(per allele)=1.22, 95% CI=1.01-1.47, p(trend)=0.04), while the T allele of rs10046 was marginally associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR(per allele)=1.20, 95% CI=0.99-1.45, p(trend)=0.06). PGR rs1042838 was also marginally associated with risk (OR(per allele)=1.25, 95% CI=0.96-1.61, p(trend)=0.09). No significant association was found for the other polymorphisms, i.e. CYP1B1 rs1800440 and rs1056836, UGT1A1 rs8175347, SHBG rs6259 and ESR1 rs2234693. Rs8175347 was significantly associated with postmenopausal levels of estradiol, free estradiol and estrone and rs6259 with SHBG and estradiol. CONCLUSION: Our findings support an association between genetic variants in CYP19, and possibly PGR, and risk of endometrial cancer.

Sex- and melanism-specific variations in the oxidative status of adult tawny owls in response to manipulated reproductive effort.

Oxidative stress, determined by the balance between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences, is hypothesized to play an important role in shaping the cost of reproduction and life history trade-offs. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated reproductive effort in 94 breeding pairs of tawny owls (Strix aluco) to investigate the sex- and melanism-specific effects on markers of oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs). This colour polymorphic bird species shows sex-specific division of labour and melanism-specific history strategies. Brood sizes at hatching were experimentally enlarged or reduced to increase or decrease reproductive effort, respectively. We obtained an integrative measure of the oxidative balance by measuring ROS production by RBCs, intracellular antioxidant glutathione levels and membrane resistance to ROS. We found that light melanic males (the sex undertaking offspring food provisioning) produced more ROS than darker conspecifics, but only when rearing an enlarged brood. In both sexes, light melanic individuals had also a larger pool of intracellular antioxidant glutathione than darker owls under relaxed reproductive conditions (i.e. reduced brood), but not when investing substantial effort in current reproduction (enlarged brood). Finally, resistance to oxidative stress was differently affected by the brood size manipulation experiment in males and females independently of their plumage coloration. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that reproductive effort can alter the oxidative balance in a sex- and colour-specific way. This further emphasizes the close link between melanin-based coloration and life history strategies.

historiae ecclesiasticae gentis Anglorum libri quinque : authore Beda, Presbytero ; praemittitur epitaphium discipulorum sex sancti Gregorii, Papae.

Colbertinus

historiae Longobardorum libri sex : initio et ad calcem occurrunt folia aliquot loco suo mota ; authoris nomen non comparet, is autem est Paulus Diaconus.

Faurianus

1.° Petri Pauli Vergerii, Justinopolitani, liber de politia Venetorum, eorumque legibus ac moribus, urbis situ, naturaque regionis. — 2.° Ejusdem liber de situ veteris Romae. — 3.° Anonymi chronica Italica. — 4.° Historiae ecclesiasticae omnium temporum libri sex : authore anonymo. — 5.° Sexti Rufi, viri Consularis, historiae Romanae breviarium. — 6.° Benevenuti de Rambaldis, Imolensis, liber augustalis de vitis Caesarum.

Faurianus

sancti Gregorii Turonensis historiae Francorum libri novem : primus liber integer, secundi sex priora capitula et alia passim desiderantur : ad calcem libri noni subjicitur Fredegarii chronicon ab anno quo desierat Gregorius, deductum ad annum 656. quod quidem à variis authoribus productum fuit ad annum 741. porrò chronicon Fredegarii cum additamentis, decimus Gregorii Turonensis liber in hoc codice inscribitur.

Colbertinus

rerum Sicanicarum libri sex : authore Francisco Maurolyco, Abbate Messanensi ; exemplar autographum.

Colbertinus

1.° L. Annaei Senecae libri duo de clementia, ad Neronem. — 2.° Ejusdem epistolarum libri viginti duo. — 3.° Ejusdem liber de remediis fortuitorum, ad Gallionem. — 4.° Ejusdem liber de septem liberalibus artibus. — 5.° Ejusdem, sive potiùs, Martini Dumiensis liber de quatuor virtutibus. — 6.° Declamationum libri decem. — 7.° L. Annaei Senecae libri sex de quaestionibus naturalibus. — 8.° Proverbia, sive Senecae, Publii Syri et aliorum sententiae. — 9.° Liber de moribus. — 10.° Senecae de beneficiis libri septem. — 11.° Ejusdem libri duo de providentia. — 12.° Ejusdem liber de beata vita, ad Gallionem. — 13.° Ejusdem liber de tranquillitate animi, ad Serenum. — 14.° Ejusdem liber de brevitate vitae, ad Paulinum. — 15.° Ejusdem de ira libri tres, ad Novatum. — 16.° Ejusdem liber de consolatione ad Martiam. — 17.° Ejusdem liber de consolatione ad Helviam matrem. — 18.° Pauli et Senecae epistolae mutuae supposititiae.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

1.° L. Annaei Senecae de quaestionibus naturalibus libri septem. — 2.° Fragmentum Adelardi, Bathensis, de quibusdam quaestionibus naturalibus. — 3.° Collatio Alexandri Magni et Dyndimi, Regis Brachmannorum, de philosophia, facta per litteras. — 4.° Senecae libri septem de beneficiis. — 5.° Ejusdem, sive potiùs, Martini Dumiensis liber de quatuor virtutibus. — 6.° Senecae liber de remediis fortuitorum. — 7.° Liber de verborum copia, qui Senecae tribuitur. — 8.° Ejusdem de clementia libri duo. — 9.° Pauli et Senecae epistolae mutuae supposititiae. — 10.° Senecae, Publii Syri et aliorum sententiae. — 11.° Senecae epistolae ad Lucilium centum viginti et sex.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

Alberti Magni tractatus de animalibus ; sex et viginti libris.

Colbertinus

1.° Anonymi mythologicon. — 2.° Summa poenitentiae, sex libris : authore anonymo. — Hujusce codicis pars decimo tertio, pars undecimo saeculo videtur exarata.

Ludovici de Targny

1.° Aristotelis categoriae : praemittitur Porphyrii isagoge. — 2.° Aristotelis libri duo de interpretatione, à Boëtio latinè versi. — 3.° Boëtii de differentiis topicis libri quatuor. — 4.° Liber sex principiorum : authore Gilberto Porretano. — 5.° Boëtii liber de divisione. — 6.° Aristotelis analytica priora et posteriora : Boëtio interprete. — 7.° Aristotelis topicorum libri octo : interprete Boëtio. — 8.° Aristotelis elenchorum sophisticorum libri duo : Boëtio interprete.

Colbertinus

historiae Longobardorum libri sex : authore Paulo Diacono ; primi libri initium desideratur.

Puteanus

secunda editio Anicii Manlii Severini Boëtii in librum Aristotelis de interpretatione, sive majorum commentariorum libri sex.

Colbertinus