856 resultados para Serviços de saúde materna
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This study arose from an interest in knowing the reality of mental health care in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) on the advances and challenges in the intersectoral agreements paths and consolidation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) from the state. Considering problematic and concerns were defined as objectives: Identify the knowledge of managers of Rio Grande do Norte on the National Mental Health Policy (PNSM) in the RN State; Describe the activities developed by health professionals in the individual service offered in the CAPS from RN; Understanding the relationship of managers’ knowledge on national mental health policy in professionals’ practice working in the the CAPS from the countryside. It is a descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, carried out in 30 CAPS from RN’s countryside, where 183 professionals answered a structured questionnaire with closed questions about the activities they do in individual care; and 19 mental health coordinators of municipalities and the state coordinator of RAPS were interviewed about their knowledge on the Mental Health Policy. Data were collected after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, with the number 508.430 CAAE: 25851913.7.0000.5537 from August through October of 2014 in 26 municipalities with CAPS from the state. Quantitative data were tabulated and analyzed using a descriptive statistics aided by the software Statistical Package for the Social Scienses (SPSS) version 20.0. The qualitative data were prepared in a corpus and analyzed through software Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’um Ensemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE) that allow to perform textual statistical analysis and categorization from their comments, submitted to Bardin content analysis. Five categories were generated approaching the managers’ knowledge, namely: Back to society: leadership and users’ role and autonomy; The gap between policy and practice; Barriers that affect the service; Structuring the Psychosocial Care Network; Multidisciplinary team: attribuitios and activities. The CAPS professionals’ ages ranged from 20 to 58 years, prevailing females, with 76.5% of the total, the majority were social workers (16.8%), psychologists (15.3%), nurses (14.8%) and nursing technicians (14.8%). The results showed precariousness in care associated with physical workload regard to high workload and low wages of the CAPS professionals' and, also, it was possible to observe a large involvement of professionals in care delivery, despite the difficulties encountered in services. It was found little knowledge in managers regarding the National Mental Health Policy having as causes of this reality the poor education and training of these professionals. The responses of professionals working in care reveals strong consistency with what is expected of a psychosocial care service. Points up as a thesis of this study that the psychiatric reform and mental health policy in Rio Grande do Norte is following a structural expansion process, but with precariousness of services from a still unprepared management to act in a psychosocial context.
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The objective of the National Humanization Policy (NHP) is to humanize relations between professionals and users. It is guided by the proposal of expanded clinic and proposes the embracement as a strategy for its existence. The embracement requires qualified hearing, the provision of adequate technologies and the establishment of relations for better solving health problems of users. The objective of this study was to evaluate user satisfaction of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) regarding the embracement from the perspective of qualified hearing and improved relations in the city of Recife- PE. In this quantitative, qualitative, evaluative and cross-sectional study, 297 users of the services offered by the FHS were interviewed in six health districts of the city. For data collection, the Satisfaction Rating Scale of users with Mental Health Services - Satis-BR- abbreviated and adapted to the subject embracement was used. Quantitative data were analyzed by using the software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 17.0, calculating the absolute and relative frequencies. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis of Bardin with the elaboration of thematic categories. The results indicate that most users are satisfied with the embracement offered by the teams. About 66% reported being very or fairly heard by professionals; 80.2% reported to have obtained some or much help when searched for embracement; 64.6% indicated that the embracement is friendly or very friendly. Regarding ambience, 55.9% of users demonstrated indifference and dissatisfaction with comfort and appearance; regarding general facilities of the service, 69.4% reported as regular to awful. Three thematic categories were revealed by the speeches: satisfaction with embracement, dissatisfaction with the ambience, and suggestions for improvements in embracement and service. This study contributed to the understanding that both the hearing and relations are present in the embracement of the city and also to demonstrate that the ambience is a possible weakness in the opinion of the users.
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The recognition of the food as determinant and health-disease process etching requires new explanations and interventions of the food and nutrition policy action and demand health care model based on the completeness of the actions and focused on health promotion. This study, characterized as research-action of interventionist character, sought to develop strategies to support the transverse insertion of healthy eating promotion in professionals practices a core of support for the health of the family and a family health strategy Unit in the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, from the analysis of perceptions and work processes of these teams. Several methodological strategies were adopted: Dialectical Hermeneutical Circle, direct observation, reflective and Thematic Meetings Workshop "Rethinking the educational practices for promoting healthy eating". For data logging, search diaries - SD were used and moments. The analysis of procedural form occurred in conjunction with research participants, in constant movement of reflection-action-reflection, based on hermeneutics-dialectic. About the results, in relation to the promotion of health, showed the following insights: health promotion and disease prevention-related harms; health promotion related to quality of life and well-being, in its various dimensions; health promotion as a responsibility of the State; health promotion related to the actions of health education; health promotion as an expression of efficaciousness and accessibility to health services. Regarding healthy nutrition, predominated the perceptions relating to nutritional aspects. With regard to food and nutritional education - FNE, it was observed a predominance of perception of FNE as information, guidance and knowledge transfer for changes of dietary practices. As regards the working process, it was observed that among the actions for health promotion, educational activities predominate, such as lectures, conversations, groups that mostly occur in fragmentary form, without joint planning teams, varying according to the professionals and the moment of work in which they are carried out. The results pointed to the need for reorganization of the work processes, in the context of intra-and intersectoral coordination and the construction of new technologies, such as: Health project of the territory – HPT, Unique Therapeutic Project- UPT, Expanded Clinic and educational practices, Shared with active teaching and learning methodologies. From the results we believe that it is necessary to "thought reform", from changes in vocational training and strengthening of the permanent education spaces, whereas the complexity that involves feeding, food and nutrition education and health promotion. The reformation of thought must be articulate and closely tied to the production of knowledge and practices that encourage intersectoral approach, the transversality, dialogue and democratic and supportive attitude, based on the collective construction of know-how. We hope that this study can contribute with reflections and initiatives that encourage building practices that promote healthy eating in primary health care, in terms of completeness of the care and the attainment of food security and nutrition.
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The attention to health issues in aging has increased and it becomes a challenge for public policies directed to the elderly. This study aimed at learning the social representations built by seniors about the service in the Family Health Unit. It is an exploratory study, funded by the Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici. It was held at the Health Unit of the Family Felipe Shrimp, located in the neighborhood Felipe Shrimp in the city of Natal / RN-Brazil. The participants were one hundred and two elderly / as, served by the Family Health Strategy. The data collection period was extended from July to September 2014. Data were collected through the Word Free Association Test and Interview semi-structured, and analyzed with the help of EVOC software. Interviews were conducted with 20 elderly and subjected to content analysis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Research Onofre Lopes, in the opinion 704,323. It was possible to apprehend negative connotations regarding attendance, listing it as bad and disrespectful, and the limited hours of service, difficult to schedule appointments and tests and inadequate infrastructure, the most marked aspects. Seniors express satisfaction with the medical care, however, they understand that it is necessary that all services are properly integrated to a qualified service. The statements reveal that the service in the drive needs to implement new strategies host for users to participate more in educational and health promotion. It is noted, the need of integrated care, the host of qualified hearing in the health services that they address the elderly seeking care at the clinic of the family, so sticking to the principles of the Unified Health System.
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In order to qualify Primary Health Care in Brazil, the Ministry of Health implemented the Brazilian Telehealth Program to provide health support (telecare) and permanent health education (tele-education). In this respect, one of the primary services offered is teleconsultation. As part of the national expansion of the program, a local Telehealth Center, called Telehealth/RN, was created in Rio Grande do Norte state. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of cardiological teleconsultations at Telehealth/RN, and analyze the characteristics of the teleconsultations in cardiology requested. Formative Second Opinions in cardiology, available at the web site of the Brazilian Telehealth Program, were also examined. This is a quantitative study with a descriptive, observational design. A total of 56 Formative Second Opinions in cardiology were identified, a majority related to hypertension (29%), focused on treatment support (30%), and requested by doctors (59%). At Telehealth/RN, 47 teleconsultations in cardiology were carried out, a majority also related to hypertension (50%), requested by community health workers (45%) and focused directly on treatment (52%). Cardiological teleconsultation, implemented at the Telehealth/RN in April 2014, is a practical and efficient strategy capable of ensuring health services and reaching those who live in remote areas. Knowing the demand for teleconsultations is extremely important, given that they provide the information needed to correct existing inadequacies related to care, management and/or education, as well as providing the basis for public policies that meet the demands of teleconsultation.
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OBJECTIVE: to identify a profile of the main causes of inappropriate referrals from primary care to specialized services, as strategy for the curriculum development of core competencies related to maternal health. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed using document analysis of all referrals of pregnant women from primary care to the high-risk pregnancy service, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. All pregnant women referred from June to December 2014 (n = 771) were included. According to their causes the referrals were categorized as adequate, inadequate or inconclusive. RESULTS: a total of 188 referrals were classified as inadequate (24.4%) and 93 inconclusive (12.1%) totalizing 36.5% of inappropriate referrals. The main causes identified in these inappropriate referrals were: low-risk pregnancy (12.8%), unconfirmed hypertension (12.1%), risk of abortion (8.9%), teenage pregnancy (7.1%) , toxoplasmosis (5.3%), Rh incompatibility (4.6%) and urinary tract infection (4.3%). These data contributed to the formulation of the following products: 1) a continuing education program for health professionals working in primary care, undergraduate students and residents; and 2) development of a virtual platform to support professionals who need to refer patients to high-risk pregnancy service. CONCLUSION: the results of this study are relevant in the current context of education of health professionals, with potential for positively impact not only in the development of skills related to maternal health in undergraduate and graduate education, as well as contributing for improvement of the health care of the population.
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Objective Based on the system of reference and counter-reference and comprehensiveness in oral health care, we aimed to examine ways of refering users to Specialized Dental Care Centers (SDCC) and the interface between them and Primary Care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with users and dentists of SDCC in a metropolitan region of Northeast of Brazil. Analyses were descriptive, and the association test was done with chi-square. Results Six forms of entry to specialized service were identified: free demand (13.8 %) and reference by the Primary Care dentist (63.2 %) were most frequent. Users referred by the basic health unit dentist had more interest in making a counter-reference than the others (p<0.001, PR=4.65, 95 % CI: 2.74 to 7.91), while individuals without this referral had 1.49 times more difficulty obtaining care (95 % CI: 1.02 to 2.17). Referral procedures are a decisive factor for counter-references. However, the high demand for primary care services and the short supply these services can offer in the face of needs make SDCC performance difficult. Conclusion The analysis of oral health practices from the perspective of network modeling points to the service's need to establish protocols for regulation in a bid to improve access to and the quality of care provided.
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Objective Based on the system of reference and counter-reference and comprehensiveness in oral health care, we aimed to examine ways of refering users to Specialized Dental Care Centers (SDCC) and the interface between them and Primary Care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with users and dentists of SDCC in a metropolitan region of Northeast of Brazil. Analyses were descriptive, and the association test was done with chi-square. Results Six forms of entry to specialized service were identified: free demand (13.8 %) and reference by the Primary Care dentist (63.2 %) were most frequent. Users referred by the basic health unit dentist had more interest in making a counter-reference than the others (p<0.001, PR=4.65, 95 % CI: 2.74 to 7.91), while individuals without this referral had 1.49 times more difficulty obtaining care (95 % CI: 1.02 to 2.17). Referral procedures are a decisive factor for counter-references. However, the high demand for primary care services and the short supply these services can offer in the face of needs make SDCC performance difficult. Conclusion The analysis of oral health practices from the perspective of network modeling points to the service's need to establish protocols for regulation in a bid to improve access to and the quality of care provided.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incorporação da saúde bucal no Programa Saúde da Família no Rio Grande do Norte, com base na análise de fatores capazes de interferir no processo de mudança dos modelos assistenciais em saúde bucal. Esta avaliação tomou como referência três dimensões: o acesso, a organização do trabalho e as estratégias de programação. Foram sorteados 19 municípios no estado. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista estruturada aplicada a gestores e dentistas, a observação estruturada e a pesquisa documental. Foi possível identificar precariedade nas relações de trabalho e dificuldades no referenciamento para média e alta complexidade, na intersetorialidade, no diagnóstico epidemiológico e na avaliação das ações. A maioria dos municípios apresentou pouco ou nenhum avanço no modelo assistencial em saúde bucal. Os municípios que demonstraram avanços apresentaram alta expectativa de vida ao nascer, baixas taxas de mortalidade infantil, valores per capita entre os mais altos do Estado e altos valores de IDH-M. Concluiu-se que políticas públicas que contemplam aspectos além dos pertinentes ao setor saúde são decisivas para uma real mudança nos modelos assistenciais.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incorporação da saúde bucal no Programa Saúde da Família no Rio Grande do Norte, com base na análise de fatores capazes de interferir no processo de mudança dos modelos assistenciais em saúde bucal. Esta avaliação tomou como referência três dimensões: o acesso, a organização do trabalho e as estratégias de programação. Foram sorteados 19 municípios no estado. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista estruturada aplicada a gestores e dentistas, a observação estruturada e a pesquisa documental. Foi possível identificar precariedade nas relações de trabalho e dificuldades no referenciamento para média e alta complexidade, na intersetorialidade, no diagnóstico epidemiológico e na avaliação das ações. A maioria dos municípios apresentou pouco ou nenhum avanço no modelo assistencial em saúde bucal. Os municípios que demonstraram avanços apresentaram alta expectativa de vida ao nascer, baixas taxas de mortalidade infantil, valores per capita entre os mais altos do Estado e altos valores de IDH-M. Concluiu-se que políticas públicas que contemplam aspectos além dos pertinentes ao setor saúde são decisivas para uma real mudança nos modelos assistenciais.
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INTRODUCTION: Humanized and quality prenatal and post-partum care is critical to maternal and newborn health, as well as oral health care. Currently, the National Oral Health Policy is aiming at expanding dental care for pregnant women. Thus, the promotion of oral health and attention to prenatal care policies should be integrated; however, there is still limited participation of pregnant women. Thus, it is necessary to verify the knowledge of pregnant women related to oral health, seeking to estimate the quality of dental care provided during prenatal care, being essential for the Family Health strategy to organize personnel, plan costs and to ensure the quality standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a research instrument on the knowledge of pregnant women about their oral health and of their baby. METHOD: This is a construction and validation study with 93 pregnant women in Family Health Units and specialized private clinics in Obstetrics, in the city of Natal / RN. It was authorized by the Onofre Lopes University Hospital Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) under the registration number 421.163/13. The construction of the instrument followed steps so that it was valid, reliable and sensitive: creation and reduction of the items (drafting of the instrument), content validity and testing of the instrument, and hypotheses validation. Once constructed, the instrument was evaluated by experts who suggested modifications. There was consultation with the target population about the new version of the created instrument, which had the instrument validation verified by internal consistency through intra and inter-calibration and test-retest. Next, the hypotheses were validated. A database was built in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. After creating the hypotheses, an association was found for validating the criteria between each of the specific issues for each established criteria, considering a 5% significance level. Data analysis was carried out by describing the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables pertaining to issues relating to their pregnancy knowledge about their oral health and their baby. The Kappa coefficient was used for the calibration process (Inter and Intra-examiner calibration) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze instrument reproducibility (test-retest). In addition, the chi-square test was used to cross the dependent variable with the (dichotomized) independent variables. RESULTS: The intra and inter agreement analysis presented a Kappa coefficient between 0.400 and 1.000. Internal consistency through the analysis showed that 90% of the instrument's questions showed great reliability in the answers (Cronbach α ˃ 0.7). In the investigation of the relationship between the dependent variable (knowledge about oral health) and the independent variables (trimester of pregnancy, education, income and multiparous), it was found that none of these independent variables were significantly associated. All hypotheses had their Ho confirmed. CONCLUSION: The constructed instrument was validated, considering that it showed to be sensitive with good reliability and good accuracy, and therefore can be used to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about their oral health and the oral health of their baby.
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INTRODUCTION: Humanized and quality prenatal and post-partum care is critical to maternal and newborn health, as well as oral health care. Currently, the National Oral Health Policy is aiming at expanding dental care for pregnant women. Thus, the promotion of oral health and attention to prenatal care policies should be integrated; however, there is still limited participation of pregnant women. Thus, it is necessary to verify the knowledge of pregnant women related to oral health, seeking to estimate the quality of dental care provided during prenatal care, being essential for the Family Health strategy to organize personnel, plan costs and to ensure the quality standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a research instrument on the knowledge of pregnant women about their oral health and of their baby. METHOD: This is a construction and validation study with 93 pregnant women in Family Health Units and specialized private clinics in Obstetrics, in the city of Natal / RN. It was authorized by the Onofre Lopes University Hospital Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) under the registration number 421.163/13. The construction of the instrument followed steps so that it was valid, reliable and sensitive: creation and reduction of the items (drafting of the instrument), content validity and testing of the instrument, and hypotheses validation. Once constructed, the instrument was evaluated by experts who suggested modifications. There was consultation with the target population about the new version of the created instrument, which had the instrument validation verified by internal consistency through intra and inter-calibration and test-retest. Next, the hypotheses were validated. A database was built in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. After creating the hypotheses, an association was found for validating the criteria between each of the specific issues for each established criteria, considering a 5% significance level. Data analysis was carried out by describing the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables pertaining to issues relating to their pregnancy knowledge about their oral health and their baby. The Kappa coefficient was used for the calibration process (Inter and Intra-examiner calibration) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze instrument reproducibility (test-retest). In addition, the chi-square test was used to cross the dependent variable with the (dichotomized) independent variables. RESULTS: The intra and inter agreement analysis presented a Kappa coefficient between 0.400 and 1.000. Internal consistency through the analysis showed that 90% of the instrument's questions showed great reliability in the answers (Cronbach α ˃ 0.7). In the investigation of the relationship between the dependent variable (knowledge about oral health) and the independent variables (trimester of pregnancy, education, income and multiparous), it was found that none of these independent variables were significantly associated. All hypotheses had their Ho confirmed. CONCLUSION: The constructed instrument was validated, considering that it showed to be sensitive with good reliability and good accuracy, and therefore can be used to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about their oral health and the oral health of their baby.
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O Brasil é um dos países que concentram 80% da carga de tuberculose no mundo. No contexto da atenção primária brasileira, fatores interferem para que as equipes de saúde da família possam incorporar as atividades de controle da doença no processo de trabalho. O controle da doença depende da forma como os serviços de saúde estão organizados para garantir o acesso ao diagnóstico precoce e ao tratamento. Esse estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o controle da tuberculose no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são comparar o tratamento diretamente observado com o regime autoadministrado em pessoas com tuberculose; Verificar se o Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose é avaliável e elaborar um modelo teórico e lógico para avaliação deste programa; avaliar a relação entre porte populacional dos municípios e as características de estrutura e processo de cuidado a pacientes de tuberculose na atenção primária no Brasil. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, seguida de um estudo de avaliabilidade e de um estudo transversal. Os achados da revisão sistemática revelam que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de tratamento (observado e não observado) para cura (OR 1,06. IC95% 0,75 - 1,50) e para conclusão do tratamento (OR 1,64, IC 95% 0,79 - 3,42). Menor abandono no grupo com tratamento supervisionado e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (OR 0,73, CI 95% 0,58-0,92). O risco de morte foi maior no regime de tratamento autoadministrado (OR 1,49 IC 95% 1,03 - 2,45). A hetorogeinadade entre os estudos analisados não permite afirmar que nao há diferença estatisticamente significativa para cura e tratamento concluído. A pré-avaliação do Programa de Controle de Tuberculose possibilitou a descrição do Programa, elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico e a matriz de relevância dos indicadores. Caracterizou-se os seus elementos estruturantes, definição de indicadores de estrutura e processo, além das perguntas avaliativas. Uma avaliação somativa com enfoque na análise dos efeitos da intervenção de controle da tuberculose é recomendada. A avaliação das características de estrutura e processo de cuidado à pessoa com tuberculose revelou melhor desempenho para as equipes de atenção básica de municípios classificados como metrópole no acesso, coordenação do cuidado e qualidade técnica da atenção. Em relação ao acesso: 98,5% acolhimento a demanda espontânea; 95,8% programação de consultas. Na coordenação do cuidado, 93,2% existência de protocolo para tuberculose. Quanto a qualidade técnica da atenção à tuberculose verifica-se que 93,4% acompanhamento de tratamento diretamente observado, 95,8% com busca ativa de faltosos ao tratamento, 64,0% oferta de ações educativas, 91,3% busca ativa de sintomáticos respiratórios. Cabe destacar que metrópoles apresentaram maior tempo médio de espera para escuta/acolhimento (24,41 minutos); para consulta previamente agendada (23,52 dias); para consulta em pneumologia (87,12 dias). Percebem-se fragilidades na estrutura e processo da atenção à tuberculose, principalmente no controle especializado da doença e na qualidade técnica entre os municípios. Recomenda-se reforço, particularmente na qualidade técnica para aumentar a cobertura de acompanhamento do tratamento, busca de sintomáticos respiratórios e das ações educativas.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The current discussion on Education and Health has shown the need for greater integration between health services and academia, and this issue has been addressed by researchers in the area as being of great importance. How do we say what we need to do? The National Policy on Education Permanent Health proposes the dissemination of pedagogical skills at SUS, so that the public health clearance to constitute an area of teaching and learning in work performance. This study aimed to know how is the process of integration between education and health services in primary health care, from the knowledge on the role of mentors in the training of undergraduate students in the healthcare field in UFRN. Qualitative Methodology possible, from the use of the techniques of Semi-Structured Interview and Direct Observation of achieving this goal. The analysis of data taken from the Hermeneutic-Dialectic Approach, taking as mediators knowledge of the areas of Education, Health Education and Public Health, showed that the performance of preceptors constitutes an important strategy to enable the integration of teaching and service, and the professionals involved in the preceptorship educate themselves while they educate. The educational process is permeated by knowledge and experiences heterogeneous, highly favorable to the training of students and professionals factor. Innovative educational practices proven capable of starting the mediation of preceptors and other professionals involved in the Work Programme Education for Health, extend learning. The curriculum components Integrated Activity of Health, Education and Citizenship, and Tutorial Program for Integrated Health Work chosen as the basis for this experiment set, for preceptors, the need to seek new knowledge, allowing each actor transcend its specific area of academic training and interact with other areas, which makes learning interesting, enjoyable and meaningful.