Aspectos citológicos da diferenciação de tecidos de cafeeiro cultivado "in vitro"

O cultivo de explantes de folha de cafeeiro enriquecidos com hormônios mostrou que a partir de tecidos diferenciados ocorre uma desdiferenciação. Essa desdiferenciação alcança diferentes níveis devido, provavelmente, a fatores ambientais, e não genéticos. Observou-se nos calos obtidos uma variação nos padrões de diferenciação celular. Pro-embrióides e vascularização (Fig. 1), células gigantes (Fig. 4) e outros padrões de diferenciação (Figs. 2 e 3) foram observados. As células em cultura diferenciaram-se sem perder as potencialidades genéticas iniciais do embrião, do qual derivaram; mudanças ambientais e nos mecanismos de regulação gênica são responsáveis pela variação fenotípica observada. Explantes de caules de café produziram calos que diferenciaram-se em raiz e em parte aérea (Fig. 6) chegando-se a obter uma diferenciação até 3 pares de folhas. Discutem-se neste trabalho, vários aspectos relacionados com morfogênese e interações gênico-ambientais.

Chave para determinação de treze cultivares de cucurbita

Baseando-se nas características morfológicas dos frutos e sementes das cultivares pertencentes a três espécies de Cucurbita, elaborou-se uma chave analítica para determiná-las. Foram utilizadas sementes de polinização controlada. De cada cultivar estudada foram coletados 30 frutos e 5 sementes por fruto. Dos frutos e das sementes foram estudadas as seguintes características morfológicas: Presença ou ausência do pescoço e do bojo do fruto. Consistência e dilatação do pedúnculo do fruto. Coloração do epicarpo. Forma do fruto. Presença ou ausência de costela ou relevo linear. Hilo basal da semente. O resumo deste trabalho foi enviado a XXVII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., realizada em Belo Horizonte (MG), em julho de 1975.

Fixação de fósforo por um latossolo vermelho escuro-orto

Este trabalho relata os resultados de um ensaio realizado com o objetivo de estudar a fixação de P por um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro-Orto, serie Iracema, de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo. O ensaio foi realizado em vasos de plástico, cada um recebendo 500 g de terra e os tratamentos, correspondentes a 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 e 1.200 kg/ha de P2O5 na forma de Ca (H2PO4)2. H2O. Houve 4 repetições de cada tratamento. Seguiu-se um período de incubação de 3 semanas, durante o qual as parcelas permaneceram umidecidas, entre 40 e 70% do poder de retenção de umidade. Depois foram feitos trabalhos necessários do que se concluiu que: a) grande proporção do P fixado permaneceu solúvel em H2SO4 0,05 N; b) o Fe e o Al foram importantes na fixação do P; c) o pré-tratamento do solo com Ca (H2P0(4))2· H2O reduziu-lhe a capacidade de fixação de fosfato.

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) cv. Brands. II: absorção e redistribuição do radiofósforo

Foi estudada a absorção radicular do radiofósforo sob influência do tempo de contato com a solução e da concentração externa. Foi também estudada a absorção foliar dos fosfatos mono e diamônico isolados e em presença de uréia. A redistribuiçao do P absorvido pelas raízes foi acompanhada através do fracionamento das formas de fósforo nos diversos órgaos da planta analisadas em diferentes períodos.

A contribution to the study of the Haematozoon parasites of bats: a new mammalian haemoproteid, Polychromophilus deanei n. sp

Polychromophilus deanei n. sp. (Haemosporidiidea, Haemoproteidae) is described from a vespertilionid bat, Myotis nigricans nigricans (SCHINZ, 1821), captured on the Rio Maracapuçu, Município of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brasil. Mature oocysts were found in 2 specimens of the ectoparasite Basilia sp., taken form the infected animal. The parasite is probably the same as that previously described in another bat, Glossophaga soricina soricina, from the same general area, by DEANE & DEANE in 1961.

Insulina imunoreativa em líquidos biológicos

No presente trabalho, estudamos a insulina imunoreativa no sangue, urina e sêmen de 138 indivíduos. No sangue, verficamos a secração de insulina em indivíduos normais e com diferentes afecções endócrinas. Na urina, estudamos a clearance de insulina em normais, assim como a possibilidade da existência de correlação entre insulinúria e proteinúria. Finalmente, estabelecemos os valores de insulina no sêmen de amostras humanas normospérmicas e azoospérmicas.

Mutantes letais termossensíveis em Aspergillus nidulans

Amostras termossensíveis (42ºC) de A. nidulans foram obtidas pela irradiação com U.V. Dentre 18 mutantes termossensíveis, 3 demonstraram que o determinante da termossensibilidade era causado por efeitos associados com o núcleo e foram selecionados para estudos posteriores. Foram sintetizados diplóides entre amostras normais e os três mutantes (mais um) exibindo letalidade 42ºC e foi verificada uma completa recessividade em todos os casos. Para fins comparativos forma feitas tentativas para o alelo correspondente, mostraram resultados bastante diferentes quando experimentados em diferentes tempos de incubação inicial a 37ºC e depois transferidos para 41ºC. Os herocários praticamente não apresentaram resposta adaptativa às mudanças de temperatura. A ligeira diferença de comportamento heterocários: heterozigoto provavelmente é resultante do efeito de dosagem. Os resultados reafirmam e oferecem confiança na estabilidade dos heterocários quando em condições constantes de meio.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after heart explantation: a proposal on how to deal with hyperacute rejection of heart transplant

Purpose: In extreme situations, such as hyperacute rejection of heart transplant or major bleeding per-operating complications, an urgent heart explantation might be the only means of survival. The aim of this experimental study was to improve the surgical technique and the hemodynamics of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support through a peripheral vascular access in an acardia model. Methods: An ECMO support was established in 7 bovine experiments (59±6.1 kg) by the transjugular insertion to the caval axis of a self-expanded cannula, with return through a carotid artery. After baseline measurements of pump flow and arterial and central venous pressure, ventricular fibrillation was induced (B), the great arteries were clamped, the heart was excised and right and left atria remnants, containing the pulmonary veins, were sutured together leaving an atrial septal defect (ASD) over the cannula in the caval axis. Measurements were taken with the pulmonary artery (PA) clamped (C) and anastomosed with the caval axis (D). Regular arterial and central venous blood gases tests were performed. The ANOVA test for repeated measures was used to test the null hypothesis and a Bonferroni t method for assessing the significance in the between groups pairwise comparison of mean pump flow. Results: Initial pump flow (A) was 4.3±0.6 L/min dropping to 2.8±0.7 L/min (P B-A= 0.003) 10 minutes after induction of ventricular fibrillation (B). After cardiectomy, with the pulmonary artery clamped (C) it augmented not significantly to 3.5±0.8 L/min (P C-B= 0.33, P C-A= 0.029). Finally, PA anastomosis to the caval axis was followed by an almost to baseline pump flow augmentation (4.1±0.7 L/min, P D-B= 0.009, P D-C= 0.006, P D-A= 0.597), permitting a full ECMO support in acardia by a peripheral vascular access. Conclusions: ECMO support in acardia is feasible, providing new opportunities in situations where heart must urgently be explanted, as in hyperacute rejection of heart transplant. Adequate drainage of pulmonary circulation is pivotal in order to avoid pulmonary congestion and loss of volume from the normal right to left shunt of bronchial vessels. Furthermore, the PA anastomosis to the caval axis not only improves pump flow but it also permits an ECMO support by a peripheral vascular access and the closure of the chest.

Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: A single infusion of intravenous zoledronic acid decreases bone turnover and improves bone density at 12 months in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. We assessed the effects of annual infusions of zoledronic acid on fracture risk during a 3-year period. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 3889 patients (mean age, 73 years) were randomly assigned to receive a single 15-minute infusion of zoledronic acid (5 mg) and 3876 were assigned to receive placebo at baseline, at 12 months, and at 24 months; the patients were followed until 36 months. Primary end points were new vertebral fracture (in patients not taking concomitant osteoporosis medications) and hip fracture (in all patients). Secondary end points included bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and safety outcomes. RESULTS: Treatment with zoledronic acid reduced the risk of morphometric vertebral fracture by 70% during a 3-year period, as compared with placebo (3.3% in the zoledronic-acid group vs. 10.9% in the placebo group; relative risk, 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24 to 0.38) and reduced the risk of hip fracture by 41% (1.4% in the zoledronic-acid group vs. 2.5% in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.83). Nonvertebral fractures, clinical fractures, and clinical vertebral fractures were reduced by 25%, 33%, and 77%, respectively (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Zoledronic acid was also associated with a significant improvement in bone mineral density and bone metabolism markers. Adverse events, including change in renal function, were similar in the two study groups. However, serious atrial fibrillation occurred more frequently in the zoledronic acid group (in 50 vs. 20 patients, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A once-yearly infusion of zoledronic acid during a 3-year period significantly reduced the risk of vertebral, hip, and other fractures. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00049829.)

Some biological properties of the human amniotic membrane interferon

Human amniotic interferon was investigated to define the species specificity of its antiviral action and compare its anti-cellular and NK cell stimulating activities with those of other human interferons. The antiviral effect was titrated in bovine (RV-IAL) and monkey (VERO) cells. Amniotic interferon exhibited, in bovine cells, 5% of the activity seen in monkey cells, while alpha interferon displayed 200%. No effect was detected with either beta or gamma interferon in bovine cells. Daudi cells were exposed to different concentrations of various interferons and the cell numbers were determined. The anticellular effect of the amniotic interferon reached its peak on the third day of incubation. Results suggested a higher activity for alpha and gamma interferons and a lower activity for beta when compared to amniotic interferon. Using total mononuclear cells as effector cells and K 562 as target cell in a 51Cr release assay, it was demonstrated that low concentrations of amniotic interferon consistently stimulated NK cell activity in cells derived from several donors, the results indicating a higher level of activity with this interferon than with alpha and beta interferons.

Nutrition and acute schistosomiasis

In northeast Brazil, nutritional deficiency diseases and schistosomiasis mansoni overlap. An experimental model, wich reproduces the marasmatic clinical form of protein-energy malnutrition, was developed in this laboratory to study these interactions. Albino Swiss mice were fed with a food association ingested usually by human populations in northeast Brazil. This diet (Regional Basic Diet - RBD) has negative effects on the growth, food intake and protein utilization in infected mice (acute phase of murine schistosomiasis). Nitrogen balance studies have also shown that infection with Schistosoma mansoni has apparently no effect on protein intestinal absorption in well nourished mice. However, the lowest absorption ratios have been detected among RBD - fed infected animals, suggesting that suprerimposed schistosome infection aggravated the nutritional status of the undernourished host. The serum proteins electrophoretic pattern, as far as albumins are concerned, is quite similar for non-infected undernourished and infected well-fed animals. So, the significance of albumins as a biochemical indicator of the nutritional status of human populations residing in endemic foci of Manson's schistosomiasis, is discussable.

Biological control program against simuliids in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

In Brazil, the use of biological vector-control methods has been largely confined to experimental research, with little or no application of such techniques by public institutions responsible for implementing control programs. The notable exceptions have been the black fly control program carried out by the Health Secretariat in the State of São Paulo. Since the 1980s, São Paulo's "Superintendência de Controle de Endemias" has been conducting studies on the viability of using Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for simuliid control, and the results have been so encouraging that the agency has now incorporated this method into its Simuliid Control Program.