Carbon and oxygen isotope study of hydrothermal carbonates in the zinc-lead deposits of the San Vicente district, central Peru: A quantitative modeling on mixing processes and CO2 degassing

Carbon and oxygen isotope studies of the host and gangue carbonates of Mississippi Valley-type zinc-lead deposits in the San Vicente District hosted in the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic dolostones of the Pucara basin (central Peru) were used to constrain models of the ore formation. A mixing model between an incoming hot saline slightly acidic radiogenic (Pb, Sr) fluid and the native formation water explains the overall isotopic variation (delta(13)C = - 11.5 to + 2.5 parts per thousand relative to PDB and delta(18)O = + 18.0 to + 24.3 parts per thousand relative to SMOW) of the carbonate generations. The dolomites formed during the main ore stage show a narrower range (delta(13)C = - 0.1 to + 1.7 parts per thousand and delta(18)O = + 18.7 to + 23.4 parts per thousand) which is explained by exchange between the mineralizing fluids and the host carbonates combined with changes in temperature and pressure. This model of fluid-rock interaction explains the pervasive alteration of the host dolomite I and precipitation of sphalerite I. The open-space filling hydrothermal white sparry dolomite and the coexisting sphalerite II formed by prolonged fluid-host dolomite interaction and limited CO2 degassing. Late void-filling dolomite III (or calcite) and the associated sphalerite III formed as the consequence of CO2 degassing and concomitant pH increase of a slightly acidic ore fluid. Widespread brecciation is associated to CO2 outgassing. Consequently, pressure variability plays a major role in the ore precipitation during the late hydrothermal events in San Vicente. The presence of native sulfur associated with extremely carbon-light calcites replacing evaporitic sulfates (e.g., delta(13)C = - 11.5 parts per thousand), altered native organic matter and heavier hydrothermal bitumen (from - 27.0 to - 23.0 parts per thousand delta(13)C) points to thermochemical reduction of sulfate and/or thiosulfate. The delta(13)C- and delta(18)O-values of the altered host dolostone and hydrothermal carbonates, and the carbon isotope composition of the associated organic matter show a strong regional homogeneity. These results coupled with the strong mineralogical and petrographic similarities of the different MVT occurrences perhaps reflects the fact that the mineralizing processes were similar in the whole San Vicente belt, suggesting the existence of a common regional mineralizing hydrothermal system with interconnected plumbing.

ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN A QUARTZIPSAMMENT UNDER CULTIVATION OF IRRIGATED MANGO IN THE LOWER SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY REGION, BRAZIL

Improper land use has lead to deterioration and depletion of natural resources, as well as a significant decline in agricultural production, due to decreased soil quality. Removal of native vegetation to make way for agricultural crops, often managed inadequately, results in soil disruption, decreased nutrient availability, and decomposition of soil organic matter, making sustainable agricultural production unviable. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of growing irrigated mango (over a 20 year period) on the organic carbon (OC) stocks and on the fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in relation to the native caatinga (xeric shrubland) vegetation in the Lower São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The study was carried out on the Boa Esperança Farm located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango and native caatinga, soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. After preparing the soil samples, we determined the OC stocks, carbon of humic substances (fulvic acid fractions, humic acid fractions, and humin fractions), and the light and heavy SOM fractions. Growing irrigated mango resulted in higher OC stocks; higher C stocks in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions; and higher C stocks in the heavy and light SOM fraction in comparison to nativecaatinga, especially in the uppermost soil layer.

IMRT credentialing for prospective trials using institutional virtual phantoms: results of a joint European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer and Radiological Physics Center project.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) credentialing for a EORTC study was performed using an anthropomorphic head phantom from the Radiological Physics Center (RPC; RPCPH). Institutions were retrospectively requested to irradiate their institutional phantom (INSTPH) using the same treatment plan in the framework of a Virtual Phantom Project (VPP) for IMRT credentialing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT data set of the institutional phantom and measured 2D dose matrices were requested from centers and sent to a dedicated secure EORTC uploader. Data from the RPCPH and INSTPH were thereafter centrally analyzed and inter-compared by the QA team using commercially available software (RIT; ver.5.2; Colorado Springs, USA). RESULTS: Eighteen institutions participated to the VPP. The measurements of 6 (33%) institutions could not be analyzed centrally. All other centers passed both the VPP and the RPC ±7%/4 mm credentialing criteria. At the 5%/5 mm gamma criteria (90% of pixels passing), 11(92%) as compared to 12 (100%) centers pass the credentialing process with RPCPH and INSTPH (p = 0.29), respectively. The corresponding pass rate for the 3%/3 mm gamma criteria (90% of pixels passing) was 2 (17%) and 9 (75%; p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT dosimetry gamma evaluations in a single plane for a H&N prospective trial using the INSTPH measurements showed agreement at the gamma index criteria of ±5%/5 mm (90% of pixels passing) for a small number of VPP measurements. Using more stringent, criteria, the RPCPH and INSTPH comparison showed disagreement. More data is warranted and urgently required within the framework of prospective studies.

The Etruscan smile, by José Luis Sampedro

In this project we present some background data about José Luis Sampedro and his works to point out the main reasons why we should translate them. We then offer a translation proposal for some selected chapters of the book La sonrisa etrusca in order to suggest a hypothetical translation job.

Metabolic responses of guava trees irrigated withdifferent N and K levels in São Francisco Valley

The guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma has been cultivated in São Francisco Valley, Northeastern of Brazil, for in natura consumption and processing purposes. In spite of its importance, there are few scientific knowledge regarding guava physiology, nutrition, irrigation and fertigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of weather conditions and different concentrations of N and K applied by fertigation in foliar contents of reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, starch, sucrose, amino acids, and proteins. The field experiment was carried out at Bebedouro Experimental Field and the biochemical evaluations at the Laboratory of Seed and Plant Physiology, both located at Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE. The doses of 200 g N and 100 g K2O; 400 g N and 200 g K2O; 600 g N and 300 g K2O; and 800 g N and 400 g K2O per plant were applied in an experiment field. The experimental design was totally randomized blocks, with four treatments and five blocks. The weather conditions influenced the plant photosynthesis, which affects the plants metabolism. Guava presented specific responses to N and K fertigation for each parameter evaluated. The weather conditions during the evaluation period influenced guava responses to N and K fertigation.

Assessment on nutrient levels in the aerial biomass of irrigated guava in São Francisco Valley, Brazil

In perennial crops, fertilizers are applied to restore the amount of nutrient removed from the plant by harvesting. Nevertheless, the immobilized nutrient inside the whole plant should be considered. Based on it, the nutrient concentrations in the guava leaf and fruit and the nutrient contents removed by fruits and post-harvest pruning were evaluated in an irrigated orchard, in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The greatest contents removed by fruits were N and K among the macronutrients, while Fe, Zn and Mn presented higher levels among the micronutrients. More than 60% of the total content of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, and B removed by pruning were immobilized in the leaf and non-marketable fruit.

Decentralized management of organic household wastes in the Kathmandu Valley using small-scale composting reactors

The sustainable management of municipal solid waste in the Kathmandu Valley has always been a challenging task. Solid waste generation has gone rapidly high in the Kathmandu Valley over the last decade due to booming population and rapid urbaniza-tion. Finding appropriate landfill sites for the disposal of solid wastes generated from the households of the Kathmandu Valley has always been a major problem for Nepalese government. 65 % of total generated wastes from the households of Nepal consist of organic materials. As large fractions of generated household wastes are organic in na-ture, composting can be considered as one of the best sustainable ways to recycle organ-ic wastes generated from the households of Nepal. Model Community Society Development (MCDS), a non-governmental organization of Nepal carried out its small-scale project in five households of the Kathmandu Valley by installing composting reactors. This thesis is based on this small-scale project and has used secondary data provided by MCDS Nepal for carrying out the study. Proper man-agement of organic wastes can be done at household levels through the use of compost-ing reactors. The end product compost can be used as soil conditioners for agricultural purposes such as organic farming, roof-top farming and gardening. The overall average organic waste generation in the Kathmandu Valley is found to be 0,23 kg/person/day and the total amount of organic household wastes generated in the Kathmandu Valley is around 210 Gg/yr. Produced composts from five composting reac-tors contain high amount of moistures but have sufficient amount of nutrients required for the fertility of land and plant growth. Installation of five composting reactors in five households have prevented 2,74 Mg of organic wastes going into the landfills, thus re-ducing 107 kg of methane emissions which is equivalent to 2,7 Mg of carbondioxide.

Luis Vives y la filosofia del renacimiento : Memoria premiada por la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas en el Concurso Ordinario de 1901

UANL

Camino espiritual de la manera que lo enseña el bienaventurado padre San Ignacio en su libro de ejercicios

UANL

San Javier : exposición, la educación en San Javier : aproximación histórica a través de los documentos de archivo.

Título tomado de la cubierta.

Noticias de los expedientes de incorporación de colegiales en el colegio de San Gregorio, durante el siglo XVIII.

Dar a conocer algunos datos inéditos, útiles para destacar la importancia que en la sociedad asturiana del siglo XVIII tuvo el colegio San Gregorio de los pardos de Oviedo, máxime cuando se trata de la centuria en la cual las letras asturianas alcanzaron un relieve singular en el contexto europeo. Expedientes de los alumnos admitidos en el colegio San Gregorio de los pardos de Oviedo durante el siglo XVIII. Se recoge información de los archivos. Los documentos conservados en cada expediente se reducen a tres: interrogatorios de los testigos, justificando la limpieza de sangre y otras circunstancias; partidas de bautismo y de matrimonio de los padres; declaraciones juradas de los colegiales u otros familiares y asientos que refieren las actuaciones del Rector, administrador y patrono del colegio cuya incidencia era decisiva en la admisión del aspirante. La parte más rica en noticias es la concerniente al testimonio de personas que presenta el aspirante para que declaren a su favor, conforme al formulario de preguntas que se adjunta. Documentación manuscrita, correspondiente al período estudiado, actualmente obrante en el archivo privado de D. Luis Arias García-Braga; en el Archivo Histórico Diocesano y en el Archivo Histórico Nacional. Dada la importancia del Colegio San Gregorio de los pardos en la sociedad asturiana del siglo XVIII, se dan a conocer datos inéditos como son los expedientes de colegiales admitidos, los trámites para la consecución de una beca y su toma de posesión. La imposibilidad de reproducir cada uno de los aspectos de cada expediente lleva al autor a incorporarlos con distinta grafía en el lugar correspondiente, así como a destacar los puntos que considera más significativos. El orden de los expedientes es cronológico, y dentro del mismo sistemático. El contenido de los expedientes permite la transmisión de noticias de tipo biográfico, histórico y geográfico a través de datos personales de quienes figuran en los mismos, de forma que parte de su documentación permite la reconstrucción de aspectos singulares de la vida eclesiástica y civil, además de cultural, del Principado de Asturias. Se ofrecen 33 expedientes, un índice de libros de padrones conservados en los archivos municipales del principado, un vocabulario de términos jurídicos y de términos castellanos y un mapa de Asturias en el que se señala la distribución geográfica de los colegiales por su lugar de origen. El colegial admitido debía ser hijo legítimo de matrimonio; con ascendientes cristianos viejos, sin mácula, tanto de la Inquisición como de la justicia seglar; toda la familia debía ser de buena fama y opinión; debían pertenecer a la hidalguía principal del Principado; ser sano, bien parecido, sin enfermedades; saber leer, escribir, la doctrina cristiana conforme a su edad y tener principios de gramática; ser quieto, pacífico y de genio para vivir en comunidad.

Luis Huerta : maestro e higienista.

El objetivo general de la investigación es captar la trayectoria vital del maestro asturiano Luis Huerta Naves (1889-1975). Al mismo tiempo, se pretende dar algunas claves que permitan al lector conocer e interpretar los fenómenos sociales y educativos en los que estuvo inmerso y los cambios que se dieron en la sociedad española durante su existencia. Método de investigación descriptivo de tipo histórico y retrospectivo que trata de repasar cronológicamente la experiencia biográfica en el tiempo y en el espacio de Huerta. Las fuentes documentales de análisis son fruto de una búsqueda por varios archivos públicos y privados, regionales y nacionales, de la lectura de decenas de artículos suyos y, por supuesto, de sus obras, en las que aporta datos personales. Luis Huerta naves (1889-1975) fue fundador de la revista gijonesa Enseñanza Moderna (1912), director y colaborador asiduo de otras, autor de varios libros y artículos, alcalde de San Lorenzo del Escorial, iniciador de varios proyectos, exitosos unos y fracasados otros (el Instituto de Medicina Social, en Madrid, o un Instituto de Maternología y Puericultura en Gijón, por ejemplo). Sin embargo, fue olvidado y silenciado durante los años posteriores a la Guerra Civil española. Huerta fue uno de los cientos de maestros exiliados a Francia, a donde llego en 1938 con su esposa y un grupo de niños. En la medida en que su salud de lo permitió, colaboró con varios actos organizados por la colonia española , publico artículos en el Boletín de los Intelectuales Españoles, retornó su compromiso sindical y fue presidente de la Federación Española de Trabajadores de la Enseñanza en 1974. Allí permaneció hasta 1954, año en que regresa a España para recuperar su profesión. Con sesenta y nueve años se hizo cargo de la escuela de niños de Getáfe (Madrid). Solo pudo ejercer el magisterio un curso académico, el anterior a su jubilación, en 1959.

Un paseo por el Campo de San Francisco.

A través de la narración de un pavo real que sirve de hilo conductor, se sugiere un recorrido por este parque, incorporado como actividad extraescolar de los centros del municipio. En este cuaderno se ofrece información de las partes de este parque emblemático de la ciudad de Oviedo, sus servicios, y se van proponiendo diversas actividades de plástica (colorear, entrenamiento del trazo), juegos (con adhesivos decorar paisajes del estanque, reconocer las fuentes del parque), etc.

La observaci??n de las aves en el valle de San Mart??n del Rey Aurelio

El objetivo de esta obra es dar a conocer las aves que viven cerca de casa, ya que se centra en la parte baja del concejo lo que implica la exclusi??n de aves que viven en la parte alta como el cern??calo y las chovas. La mayor??a de las aves que se incluyen son comunes a otras partes de Asturias y muchas son abundantes en toda la regi??n. El principal fin de la obra es acercar al lector-alumno el mundo de las aves para sensibilizarle en la lucha por la protecci??n de las aves. Se describe el ??rea de estudio, los ecosistemas de la zona a trav??s de las estaciones del a??o, c??mo identificar las aves y, por ??ltimo, una gu??a de especies, lista y clasificaci??n de las aves en la que se d?? el nombre cient??fico, el com??n y el nombre en asturiano, un dibujo en color del ave y una descripci??n de sus caracter??siticas, forma de reproducci??n, nido, etc...