Efeito da adição de fibras da palma do licuri (syagrus coronata) no comportamento físico e mecânico de compósitos de matriz cimentícia

This research was motivated by the requirement of asbestos s replacement in building systems and the need to generate jobs and income in the country side of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The project aimed at using fibers from licuri leaves (syagrus coronata), an abundant palm in the region, to produce composites appropriate for the sustainable production of cement fibre reinforced products in small plants. The composites were produced in laboratory using Portland cement CP-II-F32, sand, water, licuri palm fiber contents of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% by weight of binder (two different fiber length) and metakaolin. The latter was chosen as an additional binder for its efficiency to reduce the alkalinity of cementitious matrixes therefore preventing the degradation of vegetable fibers. The characterization of the composite components was carried out by sieving and laser particle size analyses, thermal analysis, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The composites performance was evaluated by 3- point-bending tests, compressive strength, ultrasound module of elasticity, free and restrained shrinkage, water capillarity absorption and apparent specific gravity. It has been found that the addition of fibers increased the time to onset of cracking over 200.00% and a 25% reduction in cracks opening in the restrained shrinkage test. The capillary absorption reduced about 25% when compared to fiber-free composites. It was also observed with regard to flexural strength, compressive strength and specific gravity, that the addiction of fibers did not affect the composite performance presenting similar results for compounds with and without fibers. In general it can be stated that the reinforced composite fibers of palm licuri presents physical and mechanical characteristics which enable them to be used in the intended proposals of this research

Avaliação da incorporação combinada dos resíduos de cascalho de perfuração de poço de petróleo e de polimento do porcelanato em cerâmica vermelha

Among the industries, those that produce ceramic porcelain for use in construction industry and oil, during the exploration and production period, play an important role in the production of waste. Much research has been carried out both by academia and the productive sector, sometimes reintroducing them in the same production line that generated them, sometimes in areas unrelated to their generation, as in the production of concrete and mortar for the construction, for example, but each one in an isolated way. In this research, the aim is to study the combined incorporation of the waste drill cuttings of oil well and the residue of the polishing of porcelain, generated in the final stage of finishing of this product in a clay matrix, for the production of red pottery, specifically bricks, ceramic blocks and tiles. The clay comes from the municipality of São Gonçalo, RN, the drilling waste is from the Natal basin, in Rio Grande do Norte, and the residue of the polishing proceeds from a ceramic porcelain of the State of Paraíba. For this purpose, we used a mixture of a plastic clay with a non-plastic, in a ratio of 50% each, settling formulations with the addition of these two residues in this clay matrix. In the formulations, both residues were incorporated with a minimum percentage of 2.5% and maximum of 12.5%, varying from 2.5% each, in each formulation, which the sum of the waste be no more than 15%. It should be noted that the residue of the polishing of ceramic porcelain is a IIa class (not inert). The materials were characterized by XRF, XRD, TG, DTA, laser granulometry and the plasticity index. The technological properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage of burning, flexural tensile strength and bulk density were evaluated after the sintering of the pieces to 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C, with a burning time of 3 hr, 3 hr and 30 minutes, and 3 hr and 50 minutes, respectively, with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, for all formulations and landing of 30 minutes. To better understand the influence of each residue and temperature on the evaluated properties, we used the factorial planning and its surfaces of response for the interpretation of the results. It was found that the temperature has no statistical significance at a 95% of reliability level in flexural tensile strength and that it decreases the water absorption and the porosity, but increases the shrinkage and the bulk density. The results showed the feasibility of the desired incorporation, but adjusting the temperature to each product and formulation, and that the temperatures of 850 °C and 950 °C were the one that responded to the largest number of formulations

Densificação vs. retracção

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

Aplicação da metodologia de planejamento de experimentos para formulação de massas cerâmicas para telhas

Rio Grande do Norte State stands out as one great producer of structural clay of the brazilian northeastern. The Valley Assu ceramic tiles production stands out obtained from ilitics ball clays that abound in the region under study. Ceramics formulation and the design of experiments with mixture approach, has been applied for researchers, come as an important aid to decrease the number of experiments necessary to the optimization. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the formulation, temperature and heating rate in the physical-mechanical properties of the red ceramic body used for roofing tile fabrication of the Valley Assu, using design of mixture experiments. Four clays samples used in two ceramics industry of the region were use as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution analysis and plasticity techniques. Afterwards, they were defined initial molded bodies and made specimens were then prepared by uniaxial pressing at 25 MPa before firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ºC in a laboratory furnace, with heating rate in the proportions of 5, 10 e 15 ºC/min. The following tecnologicals properties were evaluated: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. Results show that the temperature 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min was the best condition, therefore presented significance in all physical-mechanical properties. The model was accepted as valid based of the production of three new formulations with fractions mass diferents of the initial molded bodies and heated with temperature at 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min. Considering the formulation, temperature and heating rate as variables of the equations, another model was suggested, where from the aplication of design of experiments with mixtures was possible to get a best formulation, whose experimental error is the minor in relation to the too much formulations

Aproveitamento de resíduo de beneficiamento do caulim na produção de porcelanato cerâmico

Nowadays, industries from all sectors have great concerns over the disposition of the residues generated along the productive process. This is not different in the mineral sector, as this generates great volumes of residues. It was verified that the kaolin improvement industry generates great volumes of residue basically constituted of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz, which are basic constitution elements to formularisations of ceramics masses to the production of covering of stoneware tiles type. This happens because the methodology applied to the improvement process is still very rudimentary, what causes a very low yield, only ¼ from all the material volume that enters the improvement process, in the end, is marketable. The disposal of this residue, in a general way, causes a very big negative environmental impact, what has justified the researches efforts aiming to find a rational solution to this problem. In this way, the intention of this present work is the utilization of this residue in the manufacture of products to high quality ceramics covering, stoneware tiles in an industrial scale. For this purpose, the influence of the addition of the residue to a standard ceramics mass used by a ceramics sector company, already established in the market, with the intention of verifying the possibility of use of this residue as the mass complementary raw material and even the possible partial or total substitution of one of the components of the mass for the raw material in evidence will be studied. To the accomplishment of this work, the kaolin improvement residue generated by an industry of exploitation and improvement of kaolin, located in the region of Equador-RN, in the levels 1,2,4,8, 16 and 32% will be added to the standard mass already used for the production of stoneware tiles. The raw materials used, kaolin residue and the standard mass, were characterized through DRX, FRX, DTA, TGA and dilatometry. After the sintering of the bodies of test, tests of water absorption, apparent porosity, post burning linear retraction, apparent specific mass and flexural strength (3 point bending) were realized to determinate the technological properties of these materials. The results show the studied residue can be considered raw material of great potential to the industry of floor and ceramics covering of the stoneware tiles type

Caracterização reológica de pastas de cimento portland de alta resistência contendo diferentes tipos de polímeros superabsorventes pela técnica de reometria rotacional

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Retalho de reposicionamento coronal vs.técnica de tunelização para recobrimento radicular

Introdução: Ao longo da última década a procura por um sorriso estético (inclui harmonia e continuidade de forma) transformou-se numa preocupação relevante na Medicina Dentária e em particular nos tratamentos periodontais. As recessões gengivais com as consequentes exposições radiculares e alteração morfológica dos tecidos periodontais, podem constituir um problema estético importante podendo trazer outros problemas associados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar qual a técnica cirúrgica mais vantajosa para recobrimento radicular (RRC, RRC com ETC e TUN) e saber em que situações uma poderá ser melhor escolha que a outra, sabendo que ambas são técnicas de alta fiabilidade. Materiais e métodos: Para o cumprimento do objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa entre Junho e Setembro de 2016, de artigos em português e inglês, sem limites temporais, recorrendo às bases de dados electrónicas: PUBMED e Google Académico utilizando para o efeito as seguintes “palavras-chave”: “tunnel technique”, “microsurgery”, “recession coverage”, “connective tissue graft”, “coronally advanced flap”, “coronally advanced flap vs. tunnel technique”. Foram utilizados 40 artigos científicos e duas obras literárias (Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry e Plastic-Esthetic Periodontal and Implant Surgery) para complementar o tema. Conclusão: Segundo a literatura publicada e consultada, os procedimentos mais eficazes são aqueles que utilizam enxertos de tecido conjuntivo para o aumento da espessura gengival. Sendo que comparando as duas técnicas Retalho de Reposicionamento Coronal e Técnica de Tunelização, a segunda leva vantagem em relação à primeira, uma vez que, necessitando de menos incisões trará aspetos positivos quanto à cicatrização pois permite maior aporte sanguíneo, além de haver uma preservar das papilas.

REORGANIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL DE REDES BANCÁRIAS NO BRASIL: CONCENTRAÇÃO FINANCEIRA E EXPANSÃO TERRITORIAL

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a reorganização espacial das maiores redes bancárias privadas no Brasil. Como evoluíram essas redes bancárias? Como interagiram com outros processos que moldam sua extensão territorial e social? Nossa hipótese é que mudança econômica, tecnológica, normativa, política e espacial estão articuladas num só conjunto interdependente, resultante do encontro entre a internacionalização das finanças e os determinantes internos a cada Estado Nação (históricos, geográficos, econômicos, organizacionais e políticos). Elaboramos mapas que representam a localização das redes de agências, por municípios, em três momentos do tempo – 1986, 1996 e 2005. Concluímos que a reorganização resultou da combinação de processos adaptativos e inovadores. A partir da segunda metade dos anos 1980, condicionantes externos e internos mudaram a trajetória do sistema bancário no Brasil, o que demandou nova geografia, caracterizada pela retração de agências bancárias no interior de todas as macrorregiões e simultaneamente expansão nas maiores regiões metropolitanas do país; em outras palavras, uma adaptação espacial às novas condições macro e microeconômicas.  Instáveis no tempo, móveis e inacabadas, as redes dos maiores bancos privados chamam atenção para formas particulares de reorganização da atividade financeira, resultantes de ações empreendidas em diferentes escalas espaciais.