Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 906 - Positive Resonanz auf das Buch von Wilhelm von Gwinner "Goethes Faustidee. Nach der Ursprunglichen Conception"

u.a. Schopenhauer-Denkmal; Denkmalfonds; Publikationsvorhaben für eine Biographie Schopenhauer;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 972 - Ausführliche Stellungnahme zur Veröffentlichung "Goethes Faustidee nach der ursprünglichen conception, aufgedeckt und nachgewiesen von Wilhelm Gwinner"

12 Seiten

Using GIS methods to assess the occurrence of neural tube defect births by residential proximity at conception to hazardous waste sites

In the United States, approximately 4,000 pregnancies each year are affected by the two most common birth defects, spina bifida and anencephaly. Studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals before and after conception may adversely affect reproduction by inducing cell death or dysfunction, which leads to infertility, fetal loss, lowered weight at birth, or birth anomalies in the offspring. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between Neural Tube Defect births and residence at conception in proximity to hazardous waste sites in the Texas-Mexico border region between 1993 and 2000. ^ The study design was a nested matched case-control and utilized secondary data from a project, “The role of chemical and biological factors in the etiology of neural tube birth defects births along the Texas-Mexico Border” (Irina Cech, Principal Investigator). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database methods were used to compare Neural Tube Defects cases to controls on status of conception residence occurring within a one-mile radius from hazardous waste sites, as compared to conception residence further away. Information on the exposures was obtained from the OnTarget Database and Environment Protection Agency website. Conditional logistic regression was used for the matched case-control study to investigate the relationship between an outcome of being a case or a control and proximity to hazardous waste sites. ^ The result of the study showed a 36 percent non-significant increased risk of having an NTD birth associated with maternal proximity to abandoned hazardous waste sites (95% CI = 0.62–3.02). In addition, there was a 24% non-significant elevated risk of having an NTD birth when living in proximity to air pollutant sites than when living further away (95% CI = 0.67–2.32). Although this study did not find statistically significant associations, it will expand on the existing knowledge of the relationship between NTD and proximity to hazardous waste sites. ^

The Texas driver responsibility program: A preliminary analysis of the impact on impaired driving and trauma system funding

Objective. In 2003, the State of Texas instituted the Driver Responsibility Program (TDRP), a program consisting of a driving infraction point system coupled with a series of graded fines and annual surcharges for specific traffic violations such as driving while intoxicated (DWI). Approximately half of the revenues generated are earmarked to be disbursed to the state's trauma system to cover uncompensated trauma care costs. This study examined initial program implementation, the impact of trauma system funding, and initial impact on impaired driving knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. A model for targeted media campaigns to improve the program's deterrence effects was developed. ^ Methods. Data from two independent driver survey samples (conducted in 1999 and 2005), department of public safety records, state health department data and a state auditor's report were used to evaluate the program's initial implementation, impact and outcome with respect to drivers' impaired driving knowledge, attitudes and behavior (based on constructs of social cognitive theory) and hospital uncompensated trauma care funding. Survey results were used to develop a regression model of high risk drivers who should be targeted to improve program outcome with respect to deterring impaired driving. ^ Results. Low driver compliance with fee payment (28%) and program implementation problems were associated with lower surcharge revenues in the first two years ($59.5 million versus $525 million predicted). Program revenue distribution to trauma hospitals was associated with a 16% increase in designated trauma centers. Survey data demonstrated that only 28% of drivers are aware of the TDRP and that there has been no initial impact on impaired driving behavior. Logistical regression modeling suggested that target media campaigns highlighting the likelihood of DWI detection by law enforcement and the increased surcharges associated with the TDRP are required to deter impaired driving. ^ Conclusions. Although the TDRP raised nearly $60 million in surcharge revenue for the Texas trauma system over the first two years, this study did not find evidence of a change in impaired driving knowledge, attitudes or behaviors from 1999 to 2005. Further research is required to measure whether the program is associated with decreased alcohol-related traffic fatalities. ^

African American and Hispanic adolescent STI and pregnancy prevention: Whose responsibility is it, anyway?

This dissertation utilized quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the role of responsibility in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy through condom use and other sexual behaviors among young adolescents. Data were analyzed across race and gender and three papers were developed. The quantitative portion used logistic regression to assess associations between personal responsibility, as well as other know correlates, and reported condom use and condom use intentions as a means of STI and pregnancy prevention among 445 inner-city, high school adolescents. Responsibility to prevent pregnancy by providing the condom was associated with condom use at last sex and consistent condom use. Responsibility to prevent acquiring a STI by using a condom was significantly associated with consistent condom use. No significant associations were found between responsibility and condom use intentions. ^ The qualitative section of the dissertation project involved conducting 28 in-depth interviews among 9th and 10th grade, African American and Hispanic students who attended a large urban school district in South Central Texas. Perceptions of responsibility for preventing STIs and unintended pregnancy, as well as for condom use, were explored. Male and female adolescents expressed joint responsibility to prevent a STI or pregnancy. Perceptions of responsibility for providing and using the condoms were mixed. Despite the indication of both partners, mostly all participants implied that females, more so than the males, had the final responsibility to prevent contracting a STI, a pregnancy, to provide a condom, and to make sure a condom was used. Participants expressed the role of parents' involvement for preventing these outcomes as well as the need for more sexual health education and access to preventative methods. ^ The last section of this dissertation involved qualitative inquiry to ascertain perceptions of reasons why adolescents engage in anal and oral (non-coital) sex. Pleasure-seeking and giving as well social influence and pressure were described as the main reasons why teenagers have non-coital sex. Other reasons included conveniences of participating in these behaviors such as ease of performing oral sex and anal sex as a convenient alternative to vaginal sex. Sexual inexperience was an indicator for why anal sex occurs. Many of the reasons involved misperceptions and adolescents who practice these sexual behaviors place themselves at-risk for contracting a STI. ^ This dissertation increased the current knowledge base about adolescent sexual responsibility and non-coital behaviors. Future studies should explore perceptions of responsibility and actual sexual activity practices among adolescents to reduce the burden of STIs and pregnancy as well as help public health professionals develop programs for adolescent populations, schools, and communities where these issues persist.^

Oil and gas companies' corporate social responsibility: Policies and HIV initiatives in Nigeria

This dissertation study describes the health and HIV related initiatives of multinational oil and gas companies that operate in Nigeria, perceptions of oil and gas company employees, oil and gas company leaders, and key informants from government, public health, community and the Nigerian business coalition on HIV. A mixed method approach was used. Study participants include employees and leaders that worked for multinational oil and gas companies operating in Nigeria and key informants residing in Nigeria. The oil and gas companies that were sampled all had initiatives in place that were consistent with accepted recommended best practices for companies responding to HIV. All of the companies provided comprehensive health and HIV services to employees and dependents; all had HIV initiatives in the community and had formed partnerships with government or NGO/civil societies. Study participants shared the perception that corporate social responsibility was integral to the oil and gas companies conducting business in Nigeria due to the economic gains of the companies from the country/communities and because of the negative impact that oil and gas exploration activities had on communities. Themes identified that played a role in oil and gas companies' response and how decisions were/should be made were: 'business interest', 'social or government influence', 'pressure to respond', and 'community factors'. The study produced information that can be used to inform and guide oil and gas companies' health and HIV initiatives in Nigeria.^

Description and chemical composition of the fossil manganese nodules of the Cambrian manganese deposits of Conception and Trinity bays, Newfoundland

This paper is based upon data collected during the summers of 1912 and 1913. Mr. A. O. Hayes and Prof. van Ingen of Princeton University, while making a study of the general geology, stratigraphy, and palaeontology of the shores of Conception Bay, Newfoundland, came upon the manganiferous rocks of the Lower Cambrian exposed at Manuels, Topsail, Brigus, and other places. The following summer, of 1913, the writer as a member of the Princeton Newfoundland Expedition undertook a more detailed study of these deposits. In this paper therefore there has been an attempt to present as comprehensive a study of the manganese of southeastern Newfoundland. It is primarily chemical in its nature and the analyses herewith presented are from samples taken from the principal manganese-bearing beds.

The XXI century guidance and its social responsibility

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad considerar la orientación del siglo XXI en Venezuela como una disciplina con un alto compromiso social. Como programa, debe, hoy día, redefinirse con el objeto de impulsar propuestas conducentes a la inclusión de todas aquellas personas, que tradicionalmente han sido excluidas por su raza, etnia, género y/o discapacidad física y que como praxis social esté dirigida a la facilitación de los procesos de desarrollo humano en las dimensiones del Ser, Convivir, Servir, Conocer y Hacer, en el contexto personal, familiar y comunitario a lo largo del continuo del ciclo vital. L as competencias adquiridas a través de los procesos de orientación, son determinantes para proporcionar los medios a las ciudadanas y los ciudadanos para gestionar su propio desarrollo y el de su comunidad Se plantea la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma que deje atrás la clásica postura de un orientador que ayuda al orientado, desde el que conoce, el que tiene experiencia. Se sugiere más bien una relación de orientación intersubjetiva. Por otra parte, se habla de la necesidad de fortalecer el capital social de los espacios que contextualizan el proceso orientador. Se explican además, los alcances del Sistema Nacional de Orientación.

The XXI century guidance and its social responsibility

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad considerar la orientación del siglo XXI en Venezuela como una disciplina con un alto compromiso social. Como programa, debe, hoy día, redefinirse con el objeto de impulsar propuestas conducentes a la inclusión de todas aquellas personas, que tradicionalmente han sido excluidas por su raza, etnia, género y/o discapacidad física y que como praxis social esté dirigida a la facilitación de los procesos de desarrollo humano en las dimensiones del Ser, Convivir, Servir, Conocer y Hacer, en el contexto personal, familiar y comunitario a lo largo del continuo del ciclo vital. L as competencias adquiridas a través de los procesos de orientación, son determinantes para proporcionar los medios a las ciudadanas y los ciudadanos para gestionar su propio desarrollo y el de su comunidad Se plantea la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma que deje atrás la clásica postura de un orientador que ayuda al orientado, desde el que conoce, el que tiene experiencia. Se sugiere más bien una relación de orientación intersubjetiva. Por otra parte, se habla de la necesidad de fortalecer el capital social de los espacios que contextualizan el proceso orientador. Se explican además, los alcances del Sistema Nacional de Orientación.

The XXI century guidance and its social responsibility

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad considerar la orientación del siglo XXI en Venezuela como una disciplina con un alto compromiso social. Como programa, debe, hoy día, redefinirse con el objeto de impulsar propuestas conducentes a la inclusión de todas aquellas personas, que tradicionalmente han sido excluidas por su raza, etnia, género y/o discapacidad física y que como praxis social esté dirigida a la facilitación de los procesos de desarrollo humano en las dimensiones del Ser, Convivir, Servir, Conocer y Hacer, en el contexto personal, familiar y comunitario a lo largo del continuo del ciclo vital. L as competencias adquiridas a través de los procesos de orientación, son determinantes para proporcionar los medios a las ciudadanas y los ciudadanos para gestionar su propio desarrollo y el de su comunidad Se plantea la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma que deje atrás la clásica postura de un orientador que ayuda al orientado, desde el que conoce, el que tiene experiencia. Se sugiere más bien una relación de orientación intersubjetiva. Por otra parte, se habla de la necesidad de fortalecer el capital social de los espacios que contextualizan el proceso orientador. Se explican además, los alcances del Sistema Nacional de Orientación.

Conception d’un éco-quartier sur le site Masséna Bruneseau

Le projet à développer c’était la conception d’un éco-quartier dans une zone actuellement couverte par des voies ferrées à Paris Rive Gauche. C’était un travail complètement nouveau pour moi. Je n’avais bien sûr jamais élaboré un plan de masse par exemple. Mais le travail d’ingénierie que nous avons rendu était également : il s’agissait de prendre des ordres de grandeur de dépenses énergétiques, et non d’en étudier chaque caractéristique précisément. Ainsi, à partir d’un site très contraint – problèmes de pente, de proximité du périphérique pour ne citer que ces aspects -, nous avons donc entièrement conçu un éco-quartier avec son plan de masse, ses ambiances de rez-de-chaussée, mais aussi ses solutions techniques pour satisfaire les critères HQE. Nos maîtres mots étaient mixité, écologie, création de lieux de vie, et respect du lieu et de son histoire. Pour réaliser un tel projet, nous avons donc aiguisé notre regard sur la ville, nous nous sommes promenés dans divers quartiers parisiens, rendus à des colloques d’urbanistes, et les conseils avisés de Mr Gilles de Montmarin et Mr Jean Jacques Obriot furent très fructueux, nous tenons ici à les en remercier. Voici donc le fruit de notre travail d’un an, nous présentons d’abord le projet dans sa globalité, puis nos réalisations lors du premier et du deuxième semestre.

Évaluation de l’aléa et du risque sismique en Haïti dirigée vers la conception parasismique

Après le séisme qui eut lieu en Haïti le 12 janvier 2010, dont l’épicentre a été localisé non loin de la capitale, Port-au-Prince (25 km en direction sud-est), d’une magnitude Mw 7.0 et à une profondeur de 13 km, le pays s’est retrouvé dans une situation catastrophique et d’extrême pauvreté, avec des graves carences en matière de santé, nutrition, éducation et logement. Les effets du tremblement de terre ont été dévastateurs pour la population : on compte plus de 300.000 morts, presque autant de blessés et 1,3 millions de sans-abri logès dans des campements « provisoires ». Quant aux conséquences matérielles, le séisme a totalement détruit près de 100.000 maisons et endommagé près de 200.000 (source : USGS). Ce tremblement de terre a été le plus fort enregistré dans la zone depuis 1770. De plus le séisme fut perceptible dans des pays voisins comme Cuba, la Jamaïque et la République Dominicaine, où il a provoqué l’alarme et des évacuations préventives. La reconstruction du pays reste un sujet prioritaire pour la coopération internationale. Le présent projet, SISMO-HAITÍ, a été développé dans le but d’apporter la connaissance et l’information nécessaires afin de faciliter la prise de mesures préventives face au risque sismique existant, afin d’éviter qu’un éventuel futur séisme ne déclenche une nouvelle catastrophe. Dans le cas d’Haïti, aucune institution n’était chargée d’assurer une surveillance sismique, mais un contact direct a été établi avec l’Observatoire National de l’Environnement et de la Vulnérabilité (ONEV) en Haïti à travers son directeur Dwinel Belizaire Ing. M. Sc., qui est précisément celui qui a sollicité l’aide qui a motivé la présente proposition. Le but ultime de ce projet est l’étude des mesures d’atténuation du risque élevé qui demeure, contribuant ainsi au développement durable de la région. Dans cette optique, la menace sismique en Haïti a été évaluée, constituant la base sur laquelle on prétend élaborer des critères de conception parasismique pour la reconstruction du pays qui pourront être inclus dans la première version de la norme antisismique, ainsi que le risque sismique à Port-au-Prince, dont les résultats serviront de base pour élaborer les plans d’urgence face à ce risque naturel. Les objectifs spécifiques atteints sont : • Évaluation de l'aléa sismique en Haïti. On en obtient des cartes de différents paramètres de mouvement pour différentes probabilités de dépassement (ce qui suppose connaître la probabilité associée aux mouvements dus à des tremblements futurs). • Évaluation de l'effet local à Port-au-Prince et élaboration d'une carte de microzonage de la ville. • Étude de la vulnérabilité sismique locale à Port-au-Prince. • Estimation du risque sismique à Port-au-Prince. • Mesures d'atténuation du risque et de conception parasismique. Ce rapport résume les activités et les résultats obtenus a cours de l'année 2011 lors de la mise en œuvre de ce projet. Le groupe de travail est une équipe multidisciplinaire composée de chercheurs de différents établissements universitaires et de recherche (Université Polytechnique de Madrid-UPM-, Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique (CSIC) ; U. Complutense de Madrid-UCM-, U-UA-Alicante, Almeria-UAL-U., U. Autonome de Saint-Domingue, UASD et Université de Porto Rico Mayagüez--UPRM) experts dans les diverses matières impliquées dans le projet: géologie, sismologie, génie parasismique, architecture et gestion de l'information géographique. Tous les membres de cette équipe ont travaillé ensemble tout au long de l'année, en réalisant des réunions, des ateliers de travail, des vidéoconférences, en plus d'une visite à Port-au-Prince en Juillet 2011 afin de procéder à la première collecte de données.