Influência do lodo de ETE na massa para fabricação de cerâmica vermelha

The WTP produce many kinds of residue on your treatment stages, but the sludge is the more problematic from the final disposition point view. The actual rate of residue production deriving from technological evolution and the crescent population needs prevents the subtle equilibrium generation between consumption and recycling/reuse, creating problems of pollution resulting from inappropriate management of residues. Thus, is necessary achieve a new equilibrium between the grow from raw materials and energy and the residue generation. This equilibrium should be achieved by technical and economic feasibility of environmental supported models through recycling and reuse. The red ceramic industry stand out in residue absorption question as raw material due their clay mass heterogeneity, constituted by clay minerals and non-clay minerals with wide mineralogical variation, allowing residue inclusion which act like plastic or non-plastic materials, contributing to retain heavy metals contained in residues in the vitreous mass formed during the burning of the ceramic bodies. This work propose the study of the influence of incorporation of 25 wt.% sludge from wastewater treatment plant, according preliminary results, in the mass to produce ceramic bodies. The raw materials was characterized through chemical composition analyses by XRF, mineralogical analyses by XRD, thermal analyses by TG and DTA, Atterberg limits and thermodilatometry. Subsequently was composed the mass with 75 wt.% of clay and 25 wt.% of dried wastewater sludge from UFRN WWTP. Samples with 6,0 x 2,0 x 0,5 cm was produced with unidirectional compacting under pressure of 20MPa and burned in temperatures between 950 and 1,200ºC. After fired, the ceramic bodies have been submitted to physical and mechanical analyses through the measure of firing shrinkage, water absorption, density, apparent porosity and flexural strength; crystallographic analyses through XRD and microstructure analyses by SEM. The technological properties obtained was satisfactory to production of roof tiles with 25 wt.% at 1,200 ºC, but the production of others products at lower temperatures was not feasible

Adição de cascalho de perfuração da bacia potiguar em argilas para uso em materiais cerâmicos: influência da concentração e temperatura de queima.

One of waste produced on large scale during the well drilling is the gravel drilling. There are techniques for the treatment of the same, but there isn t consensus on what are the best in terms of economic and environmental. One alternative for disposal of this waste and objective of this paper is the incorporation and immobilization of gravel clay matrix to assess their technological properties. The Raw Materials used were characterized by the following techniques: Chemical Analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), mineralogical analysis by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Grain Size Analysis (FA) and Thermal Analysis by Thermogravimetry (TG) and thermodiferential (DTA). After characterizing, samples were formulated in the following percentages: 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100% (weight) of gravel drilling, then the pieces were pressed, dried (110 ° C) and sintered at temperatures of 850, 950 and 1050 ° C. After sintering, samples were tested for water absorption, linear shrinkage, flexural strength, porosity, density, XRD and test color. The results concluded that the incorporation of gravel drilling is a viable possibility for solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks manufacture at concentrations and firing temperature described here. Residue incorporation reduces an environmental problem, the cost of raw materials for manufacture of ceramic products

Obtenção de nanopartículas de hexaferrita de bário pelo método pechini

In this study barium hexaferrite was (general formulae BaFe12O19) was synthesized by the Pechini method under different conditions of heat treatment. Precursors like barium carbonate and iron nitrate were used. These magnetic ceramic, with magnetoplumbite type structure, are widely used as permanent magnet because of its excellent magnetic properties, such as: high Curie temperature, good magnetic anisotropy, high coercivity and corrosion resistance. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis (DTA and TG), X- ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) end Vibrating sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results confirm the expected phase, which was reinforced according to our analysis. A single phase powder at relatively high temperatures with particle sizes around 100 nm was obtained. The characteristic magnetic behavior one of the phases has been noted (probably superparamagnetic material), while another phase was identified as a ferrimagnetic material. The ferrimagnetic phase showed vortex configuration with two central and slightly inclined plateaus. In general, increase of heat treatment temperature and time, directly influenced the technological properties of the samples

Diseño urbano arquitectónico del Parque Cultural y Recreativo Coyoctor en el cantón Cañar

El presente trabajo se desarrolla con la finalidad de resolver un problema de carácter social que acontece en la ciudad de Cañar, el cual consiste en el déficit de áreas verdes, por lo que en respuesta ante esta necesidad se propone el diseño urbano arquitectónico de un equipamiento recreativo, que mejore la calidad de vida de la población. El contexto en el cual se desarrolla esta propuesta, se caracteriza por su patrimonio material e inmaterial, mismo que incide de manera directa en las decisiones que se toman sobre el anteproyecto. Para el desarrollo del anteproyecto como fase final del presente documento de tesis, se requiere un vasto estudio que inicia con los aspectos históricos del cantón Cañar, la teoría y metodologías necesarias para abordar proyectos urbano arquitectónicos, un diagnostico que incorpora temas sociales y técnicos, además un análisis formal del espacio basado en la cultura cañari.

Estudo da incorporação de cascalho proveniente da perfuração de poços de petróleo em formulações para tijolos de solo-cimento

The present work is to study the characteristics and technological properties of soil-cement bricks made from binary and ternary mixtures of Portland cement, sand, water, with or without addition of gravel from the drilling of oil wells, which could be used by industry, aiming to improve its performance and reduce cost by using the residue and, consequently, increasing its useful life. The soil-cement bricks are one of the alternatives to masonry construction. These elements, after a short curing period, provide compressive strength similar to that of solid bricks and ceramic blocks, and the higher the resistance the higher the amount of cement used. We used the soil from the city of São José do Mipibu / RN, the banks of the River Baldun, cement CPIIZ-32 and residue of drill cuttings from oil wells drilling onshore wells in the town of Mossley, RN, provided Petrobras. To determine the optimum mix, we studied the inclusion of different residues (100%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%) where 15 bodies were made of the test piece. The assessment was made of bricks made from simple compression tests, mass loss by immersion and water absorption. The experimental results proved the efficiency and high utilization of the waste from the drilling of oil wells, making the brick-cement-soil residue with a higher strength and lower water absorption. The best result in terms of mechanical strength and water absorption for the ternary mixture was 10% soil, 14% cement and 80% residue. In terms of binary mixtures, we obtained the best result for the mix-cement residue, which was 14% cement incorporated in the residue

Caracterização de atapulgita visando aplicação para reforço de materiais poloméricos

The clay mineral attapulgite is a group of hormitas, which has its structures formed by microchannels, which give superior technological properties classified the industrial clays, clays of this group has a very versatile range of applications, ranging from the drilling fluid for wells oil has applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Such properties can be improved by activating acid and / or thermal activation. The attapulgite when activated can improve by up to 5-8 times some of its properties. The clay was characterized by X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy before and after chemical activation. It can be seen through the results the efficiency of chemical treatment, which modified the clay without damaging its structure, as well as production of polymer matrix composites with particles dispersed atapugita

Corrido mexicano contemporáneo de difusión discográfica comercial: pervivencias y desarrollos del paradigma poético original

La presente investigación tiene por objeto la caracterización literaria de la variedad contemporánea de difusión discográfica comercial del corrido mexicano, entendiéndose por contemporáneo el periodo que se extiende de 1970 hasta nuestros días, si bien los textos recopilados que sirven de base material al estudio son todos anteriores al año 2005. Dicha caracterización se lleva a cabo mediante contraste con el paradigma poético original del género, establecido durante el último tercio del siglo XIX fundamentalmente a partir de las variedades tradicional y vulgar del romance hispánico, género de origen folclórico y transmisión oral cuyos textos gozaron de una intensa recepción en México y dieron lugar a la configuración de un género autóctono denominado corrido. La confluencia de la gestación y desarrollo primero del género con los grandes acontecimientos históricos del cambio de siglo en México, sumada a la impronta social de sus contenidos, que remiten precisamente al contexto histórico, han propiciado que su dimensión literaria haya sido en cierta medida desconsiderada: buena parte de los estudios existentes sobre el corrido han privilegiado sus aspectos históricos y sociopolíticos, entre otros, desde los que se considera un documento antes que una forma de expresión poética, sorteando así complejas cuestiones de definición genérica, modos de producción y difusión, o características del texto como obra literaria. En el mismo campo literario, ese prestigio del corrido como vehículo privilegiado de expresión ideológica del pueblo mexicano ha supuesto que la atención se dirija, salvo algunas excepciones que constituyen contribuciones decisivas al conocimiento del género, a las manifestaciones representativas del tiempo de la Revolución mexicana y consolidación subsiguiente del nuevo Estado, periodo tenido por la edad de oro del género cuando, de hecho, se trata ya entonces de un corrido evolucionado respecto del modelo poético original, que es de tradición folclórica oral, mientras que el considerado clásico pertenece a la literatura de masas, de transmisión oral pero mixta, i. e., marcada por la cultura letrada...

Estudo da adição do resíduo proveniente da extração de minério de ferro em argilas do Rio Grande do Norte

The mining industry is responsible for the generation of waste from their natural process of extraction. The mining impacts in urban areas are of special importance due to the high urban occupation, which are exacerbated due to the proximity of the mined areas and populated areas. Some solutions to wastedisposal have the potential to significantly reduce the environmental risks and liabilities, but represent higher costs in the stages of deployment and operation. The addition of mining waste as raw material in the development of commercial products reduces the environmental impacts, transforming the waste into a positive element in the generation of employment and income. This thesis studies the incorporation of waste iron ore in two clays, one from the ceramic industry of the City of Natal and the other from the ceramic industry of the Seridó Region, both in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Percentages of iron ore waste of 5%, 10% , 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% were used in the tested ceramic matrix. The two clays and the iron ore waste used as part of this investigation were characterized by X-ray diffraction tests, X-ray fluorescence tests, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dilatometric analysis. The samples were sintered under temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050°C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min with isotherms of two hours. The following tests were performed with the samples: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, mass loss in fire and bending resistance in order to obtain their physical and mechanical properties. An amount of 5% of waste iron ore in the matrix clay at a temperature of 850 0C resulted in na increase of about 65% in the tensile strength of the clay samples from the Natal ceramic industry. A linear shrinkage of only 0.12% was observed for the samples, which indicates that the physical properties of the final product were not influenced by the addition of the waste

Obtenção de uma porcelana dielétrica a partir de matérias-primas do Rio Grande do Norte

The dielectric porcelain is usually obtained by mixing various raw materials proportions and is used in the production of electronic equipment for various applications, from capacitors of high and low Power to insulators for low, medium, high and extra high voltage, which are used in distribution lines and transmission of electricity.This work was directed to the s tudy of technological properties of technic porcelain, made from raw materials extracted from pegmatites found in the regions of Seridó and the Alto Oeste of Rio Grande do Norte, which are made of kaolin, quartz and feldspar, abundant and high quality in these regions. The technic ceramics were obtained by mixing in appropriate levels, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and clay, the last item from a pottery in the city of Sao Gonçalo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte. During the development the following characterizations correlated to raw materials were made: laser particle sizing, x-ray diffraction, DTA and TG. The compositions studied were formed by uniaxial pressing at a pressure of 50 MPa and sintered at temperatures ranging from 1150 to 1350ºC and levels (times) of sintering between 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The characterization of the samples were taken from the analysis of weight loss, linear shrinkage, porosity, stoneware curve, bulk density, flexural strength of three points, SEM and X-ray diffraction, TMA, Dielectric and cross Resistivity. The studied materials can be employed in producing the objects used in electrical engineering such as: insulators for low, medium and high-voltage electrical systems, command devices, bushing insulation for transformers, power capacitors, spark plugs, receptacles for fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs and others

Ideologia da casa própria... sem casa própria: o Programa de Arrendamento Residencial na cidade de João Pessoa-PB

Brazilian Housing policy has always promoted homeownership. In 1999, a new form of housing promotion was set up in the country with the PAR (Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, or residential rental programme). This is a sort of leasing, in which a right to buy is granted at the end of contract. Again, with this, the final objective is homeownership. This dissertation aims at further understanding the role of PAR in the wake of the country s housing policies of the post-BNH period, analysing the case of João Pessoa, capital city of Paraíba state. By focusing in the city, it has been possible to analyse also the impact of the programme in the dynamics of the city s urban development. Accordingly, the analysis of PAR seeks to understand the programme s operational aspects as well as its location, urban and architectural aspects. The operational aspects refer to how the programme is operated, considering the differences to the other housing programmes in the country. The urban and architectural aspects refer to location, typology and construction characteristics of housing estates produced under the scheme. This study gives a general view of the country s recent housing policy and programmes and the specific characteristics of PAR, observing also its impacts in the city development

Efeito da adição de feldspato e/ou resíduo de caulin em formulações à base de argila ilítica

The red pottery industry in Piauí state is well developed and stands out at the national context for the technical quality of its products. The floor and wall tile industry, however, is little developed since the state has only one company that produces red clay-based ceramic tiles. This thesis aims at using the predominantly illitic basic mass of the above mentioned industry, with the addition of feldspar and/or kaolin residue in order to obtain products of higher technical quality. Kaolin residue consists basically of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz; the feldspar used was potassic. In this experiment, basic mass (MB) was used for experimental control and fifteen formulations codified as follows: F2, F4, F8, F16, F32, FR2, FR4, FR8, FR16, FR32, R2, R4, R8, R16 and R32. All raw materials were dry-milled, classified, formulated and then humidified to 10% water. Thereafter, test samples were produced by unixial pressing process in a rectangular steel matrix (60.0 x 20.0 x 5.0) mm3 at (25 MPa). They were fired at four temperatures: 1080°C, 1120°C, 1160°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min during up to 10 min in an electric oven, and the last one in an industrial oven with a peak of 1140°C, aim ing to confirm the results found in laboratory and, finally, technological tests were performed: MEA, RL, AA, PA, TRF and PF. The results revealed that the residue under study can be considered a raw material with large potential in the industry of red clay-based ceramic tiles, since the results found both in laboratory and in the industry have shown that the test samples produced from the formulations with up to 4% feldspar and those produced with up to 8% feldspar and residue permitted a reduction in the water absorption rate and an increase in the mechanical resistance while those samples produced with up to 4% residue had an increase in the mechanical resistance when compared to those produced from the basic mass and that the formulation with 2% feldspar and residue presented the best technological properties, lowering the sintering temperature down to 1120°C

Relaciones de sucesos, fiesta cortesana y literatura con motivo de la boda de Carlos II con María Luisa de Orléans, 1679

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es presentar el marco completo que abarca la real boda de María Luisa de Orleáns y Carlos II, desde que tuvo lugar la ceremonia por poderes el 31 de agosto de 1679 en Fontainebleau hasta la real entrada en Madrid el 11 de enero de 1681, basado en el estudio y edición de las fuentes que relatan el acontecimiento y los elementos teatrales y parateatrales que subyacen de dicho estudio, con la idea de demostrar la funcionalidad de la fiesta y la literatura en la celebración nupcial. La presente tesis se inscribe en la línea de investigación del trabajo que presentamos para la obtención del DEA, titulado Boda de Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria (1649) Relaciones de sucesos y poesía celebrativa, cuya elaboración abrió el campo de investigación de la tesis que ahora presentamos en tres direcciones: la primera de ellas, el estudio de las relaciones de sucesos cortesanas, fuente histórica principal. La segunda, la literatura española de las postrimerías del Barroco y la tercera, la figura de la reina María Luisa de Orleáns. Durante la primera parte de nuestra investigación nos hemos encontrado con muchas fuentes de información y a priori con un tema trabajado desde diferentes ángulos. De manera que la originalidad de nuestra tesis radica, por un lado, en la focalización del tema, enmarcándolo en el acontecimiento de la real boda, tomando para ello fuentes de información tanto histórica, como literaria; y por otro lado, la perspectiva ofrecida desde el punto de vista y el sentir de la reina María Luisa, que es lo que da sentido a la literatura que enmarca la boda de los reyes. El planteamiento y el contenido de esta tesis se justifican por la necesidad de ilustrar el evento regio bajo una luz que aúne la ingente información que nos ofrecen las fuentes históricas y literarias, y presentar de manera sinérgica los aspectos históricos, literarios y filológicos, demostrando con ello la indisolubilidad de estos campos de investigación para una mayor aproximación a la verdad histórica...

Traducción audiovisual en Serbia. Estado de la cuestión

INTRODUCCIÓN El objetivo primordial de esta tesis doctoral ha sido profundizar en el conocimiento de la historia, los traductores, los aspectos profesionales y las convenciones de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia. Los motivos de esta investigación, en primer lugar, se encuentran en mi interés por los productos cinematográficos y televisivos y por la traductología, que aumentó durante mis estudios de filología hispánica e inglesa en la Universidad de Belgrado y culminó con mis estudios de doctorado en la Traducción a Interpretación en la Universidad de Málaga. Durante mis estudios de doctorado, aparte de la historia de traducción, la traducción audiovisual (TAV) fue la modalidad de traducción a la que más atención dediqué. Este fue otro motivo para acometer esta investigación, guiada por mi deseo de conocer las características, peculiaridades y el desarrollo de estos dos campos en un determinado entorno cultural. DESARROLLO TEÓRICO Y OBJETIVOS El trabajo de investigación realizado en la presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en describir los aspectos históricos, profesionales, técnicos, formales y traductológicos de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia. El objetivo, principal ha sido realizar un estudio descriptivo, empírico y exploratorio de la TAV en Serbia, en particular de la subtitulación de películas en inglés, del doblaje de dibujos animados, y de la traducción de documentales, según se detalla a continuación: • Estudio descriptivo: Se desarrolla a través de la observación y el análisis de un corpus de textos audiovisuales, se deducen y describen tendencias de traducción específicas de distintos géneros audiovisuales. • Estudio empírico: Consiste en observar y cuantificar las recurrencias propias de la TAV que se producen en el corpus de textos audiovisuales, previamente seleccionado por su variedad en cuanto a géneros audiovisuales, en cuanto a soportes y en cuanto a agentes implicados en el proceso • Estudio exploratorio: Se ha empleado, por tanto, una metodología de corte exploratorio y descriptivo-interpretativo, ya que se ha buscado estudiar, describir e interpretar una realidad concreta con el objetivo de mapear y detectar las normas de la traducción para el doblaje, la subtitulación y el voice-over; con carácter empírico por la obtención, tratamiento y gestión de los datos obtenidos a partir de las encuestas y de las traducciones analizadas; y con una representatividad sustantiva o sociológica, no numérica, que está motivada por el deseo de integrar en el estudio diferentes aspectos de una realidad compleja. El análisis de textos que forman el corpus de films, series, dibujos animados y documentales en el capítulo 6 ha servido para comprobar la certeza o falsedad de las hipótesis en relación con las convenciones que existen en la traducción para la subtitulación, doblaje y voice-over, y comprobar la veracidad de los datos obtenidos de los profesionales entrevistados, que han sido expuestos en los capítulos 4 y 5. CONCLUSIÓN El propósito de esta tesis doctoral ha sido realizar una primera aproximación sobre los aspectos esenciales de la TAV en Serbia, en especial de las tres modalidades que se emplean en el caso de los géneros audiovisuales más frecuentes –films, series, dibujos animados y documentales –, es decir de la subtitulación, el doblaje, y el voice-over. El análisis ha sido más detallado en el caso de la subtitulación, ya que esta es la modalidad dominante. Gracias a las entrevistas a los profesionales de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia y la bibliografía seleccionada, hemos investigado la historia de estas modalidades traductológicas, sus aspectos técnicos, formales y traductológicos y las características de su entorno profesional. Las convenciones que rigen la labor del traductor audiovisual en Serbia las hemos comprobado a través de un corpus limitado y no representativo, mediante un análisis cualitativo que nos ha servido como una especie de ‘cata’ de las normas de traducción en Serbia. En casos concretos hemos realizado análisis de orientación cuantitativa, con porcentajes que muestran la tendencia dominante en los ejemplos y textos meta seleccionados. BIBLIOGRAFÍA La bibliografía incluye el trabajo de investigación y los artículos sobre la traducción audiovisual en Serbia de la autora de esta tesis (Lukić 2007, 2009, 2010 y 2013), además de otros estudios y volúmenes que, junto con las entrevistas, ofrecen una base teórica de los aspectos de la TAV que han sido analizados a partir de un corpus. Los aspectos profesionales de la TAV en Serbia, por su parte, provienen de las entrevistas, ya que se trata de factores externos que influyen una traducción audiovisual. Actualmente, no tenemos constancia de que existan trabajos publicados de este volumen dedicados exclusivamente al tema de la Traducción Audiovisual en Serbia. Los artículos sobre la traducción en la televisión pública y en las cadenas de televisión privadas en Croacia de Nikolić (2005), y su tesis doctoral de 2011 sobre la recepción de la cultura origen a través de los subtítulos, describen un ambiente cercano al que trata este trabajo. Durante la elaboración de esta tesis fue de gran ayuda la consulta de obras de referencia sobre el doblaje y el subtitulado en España o en otros países. Las convenciones y las fases del proceso de subtitulación o doblaje descritos por autores como Díaz Cintas y Remael (2007) y Chaume (2004, 2012), aparte de ser una valiosa fuente de información utilizada a lo largo de este volumen, nos han ayudado a la hora de planificar la estructura del trabajo y diseñar las entrevistas a los profesionales. Entre otros trabajos que se han utilizado para describir los aspectos históricos de la TAV en Serbia y para elaborar una base teórica de la tesis destacamos: Slijepčević (1982), Volk (1986), Toury (1995), Pym (2009), Ivarsson (1992), Nord (1993), Gambier (1994), Venuti (1995), Zabalbeascoa (1997), Whitman (2001), Mayoral Asensio (2001), Santamaria (2001), Rodríguez Espinosa (2001), Heiss (2004), Scandura (2004), Acuña Partal y Rodríguez Espinosa (2004), Bartoll (2006), Díaz Cintas y Remael (2007), Martínez Sierra (2010), Ranzato (2011), etc.

Quando o barco abarca : transformações na carpintaria naval maranhense

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Antropologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social, 2015.

Estudo de massa cerâmica triaxial visando à otimização do ciclo de queima da indústria de cerâmica estrutural

Over recent years the structural ceramics industry in Brazil has found a very favorable market for growth. However, difficulties related to productivity and product quality are partially inhibiting this possible growth. An alternative for trying to solve these problems and, thus, provide the pottery industry the feasibility of full development, is the substitution of firewood used in the burning process by natural gas. In order to contribute to this process of technological innovation, this paper studies the effect of co-use of ceramic phyllite and kaolin waste on the properties of a clay matrix, verifying the possible benefits that these raw materials can give to the final product, as well as the possibility of such materials to reduce the heat load necessary to obtain products with equal or superior quality. The study was divided into two steps: characterization of materials and study of formulations. Two clays, a phyllite and a residue of kaolin were characterized by the following techniques: laser granulometry, plasticity index by Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, mineralogical composition by Rietveld, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. To study the formulations, specifically for evaluation of technological properties of the parts, was performed an experimental model that combined planning involving a mixture of three components (standard mass x phyllite x kaolin waste) and a 23 factorial design with central point associated with thermal processing parameters. The experiment was performed with restricted strip-plot randomization. In total, 13 compositional points were investigated within the following constraints: phyllite ≤ 20% by weight, kaolin waste ≤ 40% by weight, and standard mass ≥ 60% by weight. The thermal parameters were used at the following levels: 750 and 950 °C to the firing temperature, 5 and 15 °C/min at the heating rate, 15 and 45min to the baseline. The results showed that the introduction of phyllite and/or kaolin waste in ceramic body produced a number of benefits in properties of the final product, such as: decreased absorption of water, apparent porosity and linear retraction at burn; besides the increase in apparent specific mass and mechanical properties of parts. The best results were obtained in the compositional points where the sum of the levels of kaolin waste and phyllite was maximal (40% by weight), as well as conditions which were used in firing temperatures of 950 °C. Regarding the prospect of savings in heat energy required to form the desired microstructure, the phyllite and the residue of kaolin, for having small particle sizes and constitutions mineralogical phases with the presence of fluxes, contributed to the optimization of the firing cycle.