Ultrastructural study of ectomycorrhizas on Pinus caribaea Morelet. var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf. seedlings

A ultraestrutura das ectomicorrizas formadas por Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis inoculado com Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch e Telephora terrestris (Ehrenb.) Fr. foi analisada antes do transplantio dessas mudas para o campo, com o intuito de verificar se o fungo estava estabelecido nas raízes. Os fungos ectomicorrízicos inoculados formaram um manto compacto e bem desenvolvido nas raízes laterais. Nas hifas desse manto foram observados vacúolos, núcleos e septos dolipóricos, enquanto que no citoplasma das hifas da rede de Hartig, que ficam adjacentes às células corticais, foram freqüentemente observados vários núcleos, retículo endoplasmático e mitocôndrias polimórficas. Células corticais altamente vacuolizadas, contendo gotículas de material elétron-denso, apresentaram núcleo e algumas organelas na sua estreita região citoplasmática periférica. As ectomicorrizas de P. caribaea var. hondurensis apresentaram características ultraestruturais de uma associação compatível e fisiologicamente ativa.

The chromosomes and the sex determining mechanism of Scaphura nigra (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae).

Scaphum nigra has a uniquechromosomecomplement among approximately 100 species studied so far belonging to the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It is formed by 2n ([male]) = 26 and a FN = 29 and derived from the ancestral karyotype of the group 2n ([male]) = 31, FN = 31, by means of two centric fusions and one tandem fusion. The first between the X chromosome and a medium-sized autosome giving rise to a neo-XY sex chromosome mechanism of recent origin, and the second between two acrocentric ones, the bigger and a medium size, that gave rise to a large submetacentric element whose length is very uncommon in the subfamily. This process has created a bimodal karyotype that contrasts with the majority in this group, whose chromosomes usually can be arranged in a decreasing order of size. A third rearrangement incorporating the chromatin of a medium-sized autosome to the bigger one, explains the reduction observed in the number of chromosomes and the enlarged size of the submetacentric elements. These features demonstrate the effectiveness of chromosome number, their morphology and the change of the sex mechanism as useful tools for taxonomy.

Desenvolvimento morfo-anatômico do fruto de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. (Leg. - Papilionoideae)

Detalhes morfológicos e anatômicos dos frutos de Dalbergia nigra (Veil.) Fr. All. foram descritos e ilustrados em vários estágios de desenvolvimento.

Temperature Dependent Seed Germination of Dalbergia nigra Allem (Leguminosae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of plant growth regulators in the rooting of Pinus cuttings

O trabalho avaliou o enraizamento de estacas de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Morelet sob a ação de diferentes níveis de reguladores vegetais. As estacas foram feitas de brotações de 4 a 6cm de comprimento de mudas de P. caribaea var. hondurensis Morelet com corte bisel na base sendo as acículas basais eliminadas. A base das estacas foram submetidas aos tratamentos por 2 segundos com os seguintes tratamentos: 1- NAA 2000mg L-1; 2- NAA 4000mg L-1; 3- NAA 6000mg L-1; 4- NAA 2000mg L-1 + PBZ 100mg L-1; 5- NAA 4000mg L-1 + PBZ; 6- NAA 6000mg L-1 + PBZ; 7- IBA 2000mg L-1; 8- IBA 4000mg L-1; 9- IBA 6000mg L-1; 10-IBA 2000mg L-1 + PBZ; 11- IBA 4000mg L-1 + PBZ; 12- IBA 6000mg L-1 + PBZ e testemunha. Após os tratamentos as estacas foram plantadas em tubetes contendo 50% de palha de arroz carbonizada e 50% de vermiculita. As avaliações realizadas aos 60 dias após o plantio mostraram que estacas de P. caribaea tratadas com IBA levaram a maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas que aquelas tratadas com NAA, sendo o mais efetivo, IBA a 4000mg L-1 em conjunto com 100mg L-1 de paclobutrazol.

Ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas implantadas de Eucalyptus e Pinus I. distribuição no solo e na manta

Em dois povoamentos Pinus taeda e Eucalyptus citriodora de 20 e 24 anos de idade respectivamente situados em um solo podzólico vermelho amarelo variação Laras no Município de Piracicaba, SP (22°43' lat. S, 47° 38' long. W a 580 m de altitude, preciptação média anual de 1.170 mm), foram coletadas amostras de solo, folhas e manta orgânica. Para um melhor conhecimento da mobilidade dos nutrientes as amostras foram divididas em: folhas novas, maduras e velhas, manta superior e inferior, solo superficial (0 - 10 cm) e sub superficial (10 - 20 cm). Determinaram os teores dos elementos, contidos na matéria seca e no solo.

Micronutrientes em Pinus caribaea morelet I. Efeitos da omissão sobre o desenvolvimento e sintomas de carência

Com o objetivo de determinar os sintomas visuais de carência e os efeitos da omissão de micronutrientes na produção de materia seca e crescimento em altura de mudas de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis e Pinus caribea var. cavibaea realizou-se um experimente com vasos, em casa de vegetação, em Piracicaba,SP. Foram empregados os-tratamentos: completo, com omissão de boro, com omissão de ferro, com omissão de manganês. e com omissão de zinco. Usou-se silica lavada como substrato, irrigando-se as plantas duas vezes ao dia com as soluções correspondentes. Após o estabelecimento dos sintomas de carência as plantas foram colhidas e separadas em acículas, ramos e raízes, secas a 75°C e pesadas. Descreveram-se os sintomas de carência, sendo bastante característicos os de Fe e B para as três variedades e os de cobre para P. caribaea var. hondurensis e P. caribaea var. bahamensis. A deficiência de cobre reduziu severamente a produção de matéria seca de P. caribaea var. bahamensis e P. caribaea var. caribaea. A deficiência de boro reduziu a produção de matéria seca de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea e a de ferro a de P. caribaea var. hondurensis. A deficiência de boro limitou preponderantemente o crescimento em altura de P. caribaea var. hondurensis.

Seasonal fluctuations of bacterial population and microbial activity in soils cultivated with eucalyptus and pinus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Behavioural and neurochemical effects of phosphatidylserine in MPTP lesion of the substantia nigra of rats

The present study investigated the effects of intranigral MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) infusion on rats treated with phosphatidylserine and evaluated in two memory tasks and on striatal dopamine levels. The results indicated that MPTP produced a significant decrease in the avoidance number in comparison to sham-operated and non-operated rats submitted to a two-way avoidance task. MPTP-lesioned rats exhibited an increase in the latencies to find the platform in cued version of the water maze in comparison to sham-operated and non-operated animals. The tested toxin reduced striatal dopamine levels in comparison to sham-operated and non-operated groups. A final surprising result was that phosphatidylserine was unable to reverse the cognitive deficits produced by MPTP or the reduction of striatal dopamine levels. In conclusion, the data suggest that MPTP is a good model to study the early impairment associated with Parkinson's disease and phosphatidylserine did not improve the memory impairment induced by MPTP. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nutrients cycling aspects in stands of Pinus-elliottii engelm var elliottii under differents resining intensities .1. litter fall

Litter production was measured for two years (november 1986 to october 1988) in a 29 year -old Pinus elliottii var. elliottii stand in differents resin treatments. Needle production comprised 9 to 93% of total litter fall, while the other categories (branches, barks, seeds and cones) were not significant. Maximum litterfall occurred in march to may 1987 (autumn) and the minimum was in august 1988 (winter) for all treatments and the control. No relationship appeared between annual litterfall and environmental factors, although there was a tendence to exhibit two periods of production: one in summer and other in winter. The results showed that in two years of resin extraction was not sufficient in interfering the litter fall and consequently the productivity.

Nutrient cycling aspects in stands of Pinus-elliottii engelm var elliottii under differents resining intensities .2. nutrients contents in litter

Annual and monthly quantities of nutrients wich returned to the soil through litter fall in Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii stand were estimated durint a two years period, in Experimental Station of Mogi-Guacu, SP. From the trees of the stand was extracted oleoresin according two differents techniques and control. The annual average of nutrients that returned to the soil was 72.2 Kg/ha, in following order: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. No relationship appeared between nutrient concentrations plus quantities when they were compared with oleoresin yields treatments and control. The differences in annual quantities were possibly due to climatic factors. The soil profile showed short concentrations in nutrient contents. Thus, the forest may be suffering by nutrient deficiences.

Genetic Variation in an International Provenance-Progeny Test of Pinus caribaea Mor. var. bahamensis Bar. et Gol., in São Paulo, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tinea nigra: Relato de caso e revisao da literatura brasileira

The authors present a clinical case of palmar Tinea nigra in a 19-year-old young woman. The Brazilian literature concerning Tinea nigra is discussed as well as the reports presented in Brazilian Congresses from 1985 to 1995. The data show that 63.3% of the cases occurred in patients younger than 20-years-old, they were more frequent among females and 90.5% were localized on the palms; among the cases reported in the Brazilian Congresses those of atypical localization as the back and the genital area are worth noticing.

Propriedades de contração na madeira juvenil e adulta de Pinus taeda L.

This paper had the objective of studying variability of radial, tangential, longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage between the juvenile and mature wood, from a 35 year-old Pinus taeda L., from Horto Florestal of Manduri at São Paulo State, Brazil. First of all the experimental program determinations were related to the juvenile wood, region of the transition and region of the mature wood, using anatomical analysis (length of the axial tracheids), according to ABNT and IAWA codes. Results had shown that the area of juvenile wood of this species occurs approximately until the 20th growth ring, being more representative until the 12th ring. The transition area of this wood occurs between the 12th and 20th growth ring. In the second part of the work the shrinkage of the juvenile and mature wood were evaluated. Values of the radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage were smaller and more variable on the juvenile wood. The longitudinal shrinkage did not present significant differences between the two wood types; medium values were slightly inferior and very variable on juvenile wood related to mature wood.