[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Voie des Tombeaux : tombeau de Naevoleia Tyche] : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 449

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Voie des Tombeaux : [tombeau de Scaurus] : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 442

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Entrée de la maison Pansa : [vue perspective avec un péristyle au second plan et le mont Vésuve en arrière-plan] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 401

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Dans la Maison Pansa : [détail d'un sol, vue perspective d'un puits] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 403

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Couverture en terre cuite : [vue perspective partielle d'une toiture, avec coupes longitudinale et transversale ; détails de deux modèles de tuiles] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 460

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Têtes de brigrands exposées sur les routes près la Rotonda : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 288

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Maison du Tasse à Sorrento : [vue perspective de la cour, plan du rez-de-chaussée, plan du premier étage] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 677

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Maison du Tasse à Sorrento : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 676

Antifungal drug resistance mechanisms in fungal pathogens from the perspective of transcriptional gene regulation.

Fungi are primitive eukaryotes and have adapted to a variety of niches during evolution. Some fungal species may interact with other life forms (plants, insects, mammals), but are considered as pathogens when they cause mild to severe diseases. Chemical control strategies have emerged with the development of several drugs with antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. Antifungal agents have demonstrated their efficacy by improving patient health in medicine. However, fungi have counteracted antifungal agents in several cases by developing resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms rely on drug resistance genes including multidrug transporters and drug targets. Their regulation is crucial for the development of antifungal drug resistance and therefore transcriptional factors critical for their regulation are being characterized. Recent genome-wide studies have revealed complex regulatory circuits involving these genetic and transcriptional regulators. Here, we review the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of drug resistance genes from several fungal pathogens including Candida and Aspergillus species.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Caisson et ornement au] Colisée : [vue perspective d'un ornement non identifié, projection et coupe d'un caisson] : [dessin] / [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 500a

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Borne militaire au Palais Giustiniani : [vue perspective, deux profils de détails] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 577

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Petit temple circulaire] Ext. d'un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque Barberine. Rome : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 570

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Vue d'un petit temple circulaire, avec une figure en pleurs, intitulé] Luctus Funebris. In aedibus barberinis : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 571

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Cippe de C. Domitio F. Palveri à la] Villa Albani : [détail, vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 622

Citizen participation and the Lisbon Treaty : A legal perspective

How to "bring the [European] Union closer to its citizens" is a vexed and vital problem of European integration. Article 11 TEU on participatory democracy, recently introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, is meant to be part of the solution. The EU Economic and Social Committee has gone so far as to define this provision "a milestone on the road to a people's Europe that is real and feasible". This appears to be an overly optimistic assessment - partly because art. 11 relies heavily on the involvement of civil society organisations, which political science literature suggests is conceptually and/or practically irrelevant to citizen involvement; partly because it largely formalizes participatory practices that have been in existence for years without cognizable effects on citizen participation; and partly because even its most innovative element - the European citizens' initiative (ECI) - does not bring significant changes to the Union's constitutional arrangements in terms of redistributing decision-making power. In addition to that, secondary legislation places significant hurdles on the submission of ECIs and might prevent or delay their becoming a standard democratic practice. This is not to say that art. 11 TEU has no potential at all. Its insertion in the Treaty might provide impetus to rethink and develop past participatory practices, such as horizontal civil dialogue. Moreover, the effects of "popular input" in the form of ECIs on EU institutional dynamics is as yet unknown - and perhaps not negligible, to judge from the keen interest that the European Parliament and other bodies have demonstrated in "appropriating" it as a political asset. Finally, art. 11 raises the stakes of the Union's democratic challenge and might pressure EU institutions to make full use of its potential. Or, if eventually proved inadequate, art. 11 might constitute a constitutional experiment on the way to meaningful forms of direct democracy at EU level.