915 resultados para Participação e envolvimento parental
Resumo:
The Minister for Education and Skills outlined his action plan in response to the report of the Advisory Group to the Forum on Patronage and Pluralism in the Primary Sector in June of this year. As part of the action plan the Minister announced that surveys of parental preferences in 44 areas would be undertaken, beginning with five pilot areas in the autumn of 2012. All of the areas to be surveyed under this process fit the following criteria: • Population of between 5,000 and 20,000 inhabitants according to the 2011 census • Population has increased by less than 20% during the inter-censal period 2006 to 2011 Surveys were undertaken on a pilot basis initially in five areas. The surveys were open for a total of three weeks from Monday 22nd October to Friday 9th November 2012 inclusive. This report has been prepared for the New Schools Establishment Group regarding the five pilot surveys and the analysis of the outcomes in each area. The report is comprised of this overall summary document and the separate detailed analysis documents in respect of each of the five areas that were surveyed and which are contained in Appendices 1 to 5. Appendix 6 is a sample of the paper survey which is similar to the on-line survey.
Resumo:
Objective: To assess the relationship between parental occupational exposure to organic solvents, and the risk of anencephaly in Mexico. Methods: A case-control study was conducted based on the registers of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Neural Tube Defects in Mexico; 151 cases of anencephaly of ≥20 weeks’ gestation were included. A control, born alive and without any apparent congenital malformations at birth, was selected for each case in the same maternity service in which the case was born. Information on occupational exposures, lifestyle habits, reproductive history, use of medicines, supplementation with multivitamins and folic acid, was obtained by a general questionnaire; a food frequency questionnaire was also applied to obtain information of daily intake of folate and other B vitamins. Occupational exposure to organic solvents was based on job title as a proxy for exposure and analysed considering two critical periods around conception. Results: In logistic regression analysis, the odds of having a child with anencephaly was higher if the mother or the father was occupationally exposed to organic solvents during the periconceptional period, or when both parents or at least one of them were occupationally exposed during this period with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.97 (95% CI 1.36 to 6.52). Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that both maternal and paternal occupational exposure to organic solvents can increase the probability of having a child with anencephaly.
Resumo:
Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from within a river network, crossed them in a full-factorial design, and challenged the embryos with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. By virtue of our design, we were able to disentangle effects of genetic crossing distance from sire and dam effects on early life-history traits. While pathogen infection did not increase mortality, it was associated with delayed hatching of smaller larvae with reduced yolk sac reserves. We found no evidence of a relationship between genetic distance (W, FST) and the expression of early-life history traits. Moreover, hybrids did not differ in phenotypic means or reaction norms in comparison to offspring from within-population crosses. Heritable variation in early life-history traits was found to remain stable across the control and pathogen environments. Our findings show that outcrossing within a rather narrow geographical scale can have neutral effects on F1 hybrid viability at the embryonic stage, i.e. at a stage when environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes are usually large.
Resumo:
In the present article on intergenerational transmission of attachment representations, we use mothers' and fathers' Adult Attachment Interview classifications to predict a 3-year-old's responses to the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT). We present a Q-sort coding procedure for the ASCT, which was developed for children as young as three. The Q-sort yields scores on four attachment dimensions (security, deactivation, hyperactivation, and disorganization). One-way ANOVAs revealed significant mother-child associations for each dimension, although results for the hyperactivation and disorganization dimensions were significant only according to contrast tests. Conversely, no father-child association was found, regardless of the dimension considered. Findings are discussed in terms of the respective part played by each parent in their children's emotional development.
Resumo:
Rapport de synthèse : Objectif: nous avons regardé si les sujets dont les parents vivaient plus longtemps présentaient des niveaux plus faibles de facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires, y compris pour le syndrome métabolique. Méthodes: nous avons analysé les données d'un échantillon représentatif de la population suisse (1163 hommes et 1398 femmes) âgé de 55 à 75 ans, de la ville de Lausanne. Les participants ont été stratifiés par nombre de parents (0, 1, 2) qui ont vécu jusqu'à 85 ans ou plus. Les associations entre la longévité parentale et les facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires ou les variables métaboliques associées ont été analysées au moyen de régressions linéaires multiples. Résultats: la prévalence ajustée pour l'âge du syndrome métabolique varie de 24.8%, 20.5% à 13.8% chez les femmes (P<0.05) et de 28.8%, 32.1 % à 27.6% chez les hommes (non significatif) pour 0, 1 et 2 parents à forte longévité. L'association entre la longévité parentale et la prévalence du syndrome métabolique est particulièrement forte pour les femmes qui n'ont jamais fumé. Dans ce groupe, les femmes qui ont 2 parents à forte longévité ont un BMI plus faible et un tour de taille moins grand. Chez les gens qui n'ont jamais fumé, pour les deux sexes, les niveaux moyens (95% d'intervalle de confiance) et ajustés de cholestéro-HDL étaient de 1.64(1.61-1.67), 1.67(1.65-1.70) et 1.71(1.65-1.76) mmol/L pour 0, 1 et 2 parents à forte longévité (P<0.01), respectivement. La tendance n'était pas significative chez les anciens fiuneurs et fumeurs actuels. Conclusions: la longévité parentale est associée à un meilleur profil métabolique chez les femmes, mais pas chez les hommes. Les avantages métaboliques du fait d'avoir des parents âgés sont fortement atténués par le tabagisme.
Resumo:
In many avian species, nestlings have evolved striking plumage, behaviours and mouth colours to obtain a greater share of parental investment. Studies revealing parental feeding preferences for nestlings with red gapes have proposed that red mouth colour in songbirds can act as a signal of nestling need or condition. Alternative hypotheses suggest that bright nestling mouths in cavity-nesting birds evolved to increase nestling detectability by the parents. We tested whether nestling mouth colour affects parental feeding preferences in great tits, Pants major L. In broods of six young, we experimentally painted mouth gapes and flanges either red or yellow and tested the effect of mouth colour on nestlings' mass gain under two lighting conditions. In nests with high luminosity, there was no significant effect of mouth colour on mass gain. In nests with low luminosity, nestlings with red gapes and flanges gained less mass than nestlings with red gapes and yellow flanges or both yellow gapes and flanges. Our results suggest that, in nests with low luminosity, red mouths decreased nestling detectability to the feeding parents and support the hypothesis that poor luminosity in nesting cavities can select for pale mouths. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that red mouth colour signals nestling need or condition to parent great tits.
Resumo:
El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una lectura de una situación de alienación parental en un divorcio conflictivo desde un enfoque sistémico-relacional, respondiendo a la falta de modelos de intervención para dicha casuística y considerando poco holístico el planteamiento defendido bajo la categoría Síndrome de Alienación Parental (SAP), descrita por Gardner el año 1985. Se analizan con metodología cualitativa cinco sesiones de psicoterapia de una familia de tres miembros derivada judicialmente por el rechazo de la hija a mantener contacto con la madre. Atendiendo a sus respectivas narrativas en relación a la pareja, los resultados muestran una mitología compartida en el pasado y una ruptura de la misma, en el caso de la madre. Se observa una precaria gestión del cambio, así como un conflicto comunicacional que impide desarrollar nuevas estrategias narrativas tras la separación. Los resultados permiten apoyar la apertura de líneas de investigación que contribuyan a una reformulación del SAP desde una perspectiva más profunda que aprehenda la complejidad de lo llamamos las Prácticas Alienadoras Familiares (PAF).
Resumo:
RESUMO Tendo como base discussões recentes sobre as relações entre estratégia e desempenho no setor público, no presente trabalho analisam-se os condicionantes da participação e do sucesso de micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) em compras públicas a partir de alterações na legislação, favorecendo tais grupos. Adota-se uma abordagem de natureza quantitativa e desenvolve-se um conjunto de hipóteses, que são testadas usando uma base de dados única, com informações detalhadas de 542 contratos de compras realizados por um órgão da administração pública federal brasileira, entre 2005 e 2011. Os resultados demonstraram que as mudanças institucionais, promovidas por uma nova regulamentação, contribuíram significativamente para o aumento na participação de MPE nos processos de licitações do órgão pesquisado, porém não alteraram a probabilidade de êxito dessas empresas nos certames públicos, colocando em perspectiva a eficácia da legislação implantada. Adicionalmente, os resultados sugeriram que fatores estratégicos, associados ao ambiente competitivo, aos atributos transacionais e às capacidades inerentes aos participantes, influenciam seu acesso e as chances de sucesso em compras públicas.
Resumo:
O enfermeiro desde longa data vem se preocupando em aprimorar a assistência aos pacientes com doenças crônica - degenerativas. Entretanto, na prática, essa meta não é facilmente atingida, principalmente para pacientes em estágio avançado da doença ou em fase terminal. Neste processo os familiares são também envolvidos, muitas vezes recorrem e procuram apoio nos enfermeiros, por serem os elementos da equipe multidisciplinar mais próximos dos pacientes e familiares. Nos pacientes com doenças crônicas degenerativas e terminais a relação familiar torna-se mais complexa gerando sentimentos conflitantes durante a hospitalização, conflitos esses expressos à equipe multidisciplinar e, particularmente ao enfermeiro, que muitas vezes não se sente preparado para lidar com estas situações. Desta forma o objetivo do trabalho , relatar a experiência de participação dos enfermeiros na implantação e desenvolvimento de um grupo multidisciplinar de assistência a pacientes crônicos e terminais. A formação do grupo viabilizou a sistematização e a homogenização das condutas a serem tomadas pela equipe o que reflete na diminuição de conflitos internos anteriormente existentes. Os conflitos muitas vezes eram motivados por discrepância nas condutas deficientes das informações e comunicação inadequada da equipe entre si. A situação desses pacientes e sua relação familiar analisada em conjunto possibilita a divisão da responsabilidade na tomada de decisão muitas vezes delicadas e confere maior segurança aos profissionais na abordagem com o paciente e família.
Resumo:
A participação paterna na gravidez de adolescentes ainda é pouco discutida, embora a ausência do companheiro seja apontada como um dos problemas sociais dela decorrente. Esta investigação, de cunho qualitativo, teve por objetivo descrever como se dá a participação do pai do bebê durante a gestação, nacimento e criação do filho nos primeiros meses de vida, na perspectiva de adolescentes que passaram pela experiência de engravidar e ter um filho. Na sistematização dos dados, os mesmos foram agrupados em duas categorias: vivenciando a gravidez e valorizando a presença e participação do companheiro/pai.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as concepções dos profissionais de saúde sobre a participação do homem nos diferentes aspectos do processo reprodutivo. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital filantrópico da periferia de Belo Horizonte-MG, mediante uma oficina de trabalho. Aqui é apresentado o tema O lugar dos homens no serviço de saúde reprodutiva, parte dos dados do estudo. Foi possível verificar que o homem acompanha sua mulher e o filho nos vários setores dos serviços, porém, mostra-se ausente nas situações de pós-aborto e doação do filho. A precária infra-estrutura física e material do serviço tem sido um dos maiores obstáculos para a assistência integral.
Resumo:
Participation research has documented the effect of partner and parenthood status, thereby ignoring the dynamic aspect of status changes. Based on theoretical insights on changes in political resources and interest, this study looks at partnership and parenthood as dynamic characteristics. Using data from the Swiss Household Panel (SHP), it examines to what extent important life-cycle transitions in partnership and parental status influence various forms of political and civic participation and whether they affect men and women's participation differently. Our regression analyses reveal that particularly the entry into separation or divorce is a main key point driving change in political and civic participation. Its effect is also highly gendered. Following separation, women participate less in voting, whereas men's participation rates are not affected in a negative way. Separation even increases men's level of anticipated activism. Children entering or leaving the household do not seem to represent key points of change in political and civic participation of the couple. Yet, the transition to having school-aged children significantly increases some types of participation, at least for women.
Resumo:
O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar as representações sociais das famílias e dos usuários dos serviços de saúde mental acerca de sua participação no tratamento de pessoas com transtorno mental severo. O estudo foi fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Para a coleta de dados: teste de associação livre de palavras e entrevista com roteiro junto aos familiares e usuários de dois hospitais-dia, situados em Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Conforme os resultados revelaram, os sujeitos da pesquisa consideram vantajoso o cuidado neste tipo de serviço e o apoio familiar essencial para o progresso no tratamento de pessoas com transtorno mental.