The Virginia magazine of history and biography.

Reference sources

History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th century ...

Reprint. Originally published by London, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1876-1927.

The church: what it is and whence it is : the same being an historical outline of its origin, progress and doctrines, gathered from sacred and profane sources /

Mode of access: Internet.

Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française.

Mode of access: Internet.

Guide to the materials for the history of the United States in Spanish archives.

"General bibliography": p. 96-97.

A volume of English miscellanies illustrating the history and language of the northern counties of England.

"Chiefly drawn from the registers of the lord mayor and corporation of York."-Pref., p. [v]

Le grande dictionaire historique ou Le mêlange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane, qui contient en abregé l'histoire fabuleuse des dieux & des heroes de l'antiquité payenne: les vies et les actions remarquables des patriarches; des juges; des rois des juifs; des papes ... des empereurs; des rois, des princes illustres; & des grands capitaines; l'établissement et le progrés des ordres religieux & militaires; & la vie de leur fondateurs: les genealogies de plusieurs familles illustres de France, & d'autres païs: la description des empires ... l'histoire des conciles generaux & particuliers, sous le nom des lieux où ils ont été tenus. Le tout enrichi de remarques, de dissertations & de recherches curieuses ... tirées de differens auteurs, & sur tout du Dictionaire critique de M. Bayle.

The first edition was published in 1674 in Lyon in 1 vol.

The Historical cabinet : containing authentic accounts of many remarkable and interesting events which have taken place in modern times : carefully collected and compiled from various and authentic sources, and not to be found in any one work hitherto published : illustrated with engravings.

Mode of access: Internet.

Descriptive catalogue of materials relating to the history of Great Britain and Ireland, to the end of the reign of Henry VII.

Mainly manuscript sources; appendix, "A list of materials for our history which have hitherto been printed": v. 1, pt. 2, p. [677]-918.

The life of Abraham Lincoln, drawn from original sources and containing many speeches, letters, and telegrams hitherto unpublished; profusely illustrated with many reproductions from original photographs, paintings, etc.,

At head of title: Sangamon edition.

Clio may be seen and listened. Movies as source and resource on history

El cine como fuente historiográfica es utilizado a partir de la "batalla" que dio Marc Ferro hacia el interior de Annales. Cuando era difícil que se aceptaran otras fuentes que no fueran las gráficas, este historiador logró abrirse camino hasta llegar a ser el director de Annales en los años '70. El discurso de la imagen o el discurso audiovisual representa con mayor verosimilitud lo que el discurso gráfico no alcanza a expresar. Sin embargo, la sinécdoque y la generalización se encuentran a mitad de camino en un juego representativo para complementarse a la hora de comprender y reconstruir el pasado. El aporte del cine puede tomarse como reflejo o representación social y también como una alternativa discursiva. En este sentido, Rosenstone con el apoyo de Hayden White y su análisis de la "historiofotía" son los que incursionan en esta nueva dimensión, esto es la narración audiovisual de la historia

Clio may be seen and listened. Movies as source and resource on history

El cine como fuente historiográfica es utilizado a partir de la "batalla" que dio Marc Ferro hacia el interior de Annales. Cuando era difícil que se aceptaran otras fuentes que no fueran las gráficas, este historiador logró abrirse camino hasta llegar a ser el director de Annales en los años '70. El discurso de la imagen o el discurso audiovisual representa con mayor verosimilitud lo que el discurso gráfico no alcanza a expresar. Sin embargo, la sinécdoque y la generalización se encuentran a mitad de camino en un juego representativo para complementarse a la hora de comprender y reconstruir el pasado. El aporte del cine puede tomarse como reflejo o representación social y también como una alternativa discursiva. En este sentido, Rosenstone con el apoyo de Hayden White y su análisis de la "historiofotía" son los que incursionan en esta nueva dimensión, esto es la narración audiovisual de la historia

Evolutionary theory of history

Several attempts have been made recently to apply Darwinian evolutionary theory to the study of culture change and social history. The essential elements in such a theory are that variations occur in population, and that a process of selective retention operates during their replication and transmission. Location of such variable units in the semantic structure of cognition provides the individual psychological basis for an evolutionary theory of history. Selection operates on both the level of cognition and on its phenotypic expression in action in relation to individual preferred sources of psychological satisfaction. Social power comprises the principal selective forces within the unintended consequences of action and through the struggle of individuals and groups in pursuit of opposing interests. The implication for historiography are methodological in that evolutionary theory of history sharpens the focus of explanatory situational analysis, and interpretive in that it provides a paradigmatic metanarrative for the understanding of historical change.

Leadership through intellect:the meaning of leadership in the intellectual history of nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany

This study examines the understanding of leadership in Germany, as it developed throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The investigation is based on the work of contemporary writers and thinkers, as well as on the leadership styles of key political figures. Given the ideological connotations of the term "Führung" in post-war Germany, the aim is to reconsider the meaning of leadership, with particular reference to the alternative notion of spiritual guidance. The rise to power of Napoleon I fundamentally influenced the understanding of leadership in Germany, as is demonstrated through an analysis of the Napoleonic reception in contemporary literature. Despite polarised responses, the formation of the heroic ideal may be identified, the quest for spiritual guidance having become subordinate to the charismatic legitimisation of political authority. As advocated by Thomas Carlyle, the mid to late nineteenth century witnessed the realisation of this ideal through Bismarck. The intellectual response to this development is characterised by the work of Wagner, Burckhardt and Nietzsche. In different ways each figure emphasised the need to redefine greatness and to seek spiritual guidance from alternative sources. The reflection on leadership in the early twentieth century is traced through the work of Harry Graf Kessler and the circles around Stefan George. Hitherto unpublished material is examined, revealing both the influences of nineteenth century thought and reactions to the "persönliches Regiment" of Wilhelm II. The intellectual debate culminates in Max Kommerell's 1928 study Der Dichter als Führer. Read in conjunction with unpublished notes and correspondence, this provides new insights into Kommerell's thought. The concept of poetic leadership constitutes a potential spiritual and intellectual alternative to the ideal of the political "Führer" which dominated the forthcoming era. It therefore remains of contemporary significance and may contribute to a broader discussion of the leadership dilemma in modern Germany.

Research strategies for organizational history:a dialogue between historical theory and organization theory

If history matters for organization theory, then we need greater reflexivity regarding the epistemological problem of representing the past; otherwise, history might be seen as merely a repository of ready-made data. To facilitate this reflexivity, we set out three epistemological dualisms derived from historical theory to explain the relationship between history and organization theory: (1) in the dualism of explanation, historians are preoccupied with narrative construction, whereas organization theorists subordinate narrative to analysis; (2) in the dualism of evidence, historians use verifiable documentary sources, whereas organization theorists prefer constructed data; and (3) in the dualism of temporality, historians construct their own periodization, whereas organization theorists treat time as constant for chronology. These three dualisms underpin our explication of four alternative research strategies for organizational history: corporate history, consisting of a holistic, objectivist narrative of a corporate entity; analytically structured history, narrating theoretically conceptualized structures and events; serial history, using replicable techniques to analyze repeatable facts; and ethnographic history, reading documentary sources "against the grain." Ultimately, we argue that our epistemological dualisms will enable organization theorists to justify their theoretical stance in relation to a range of strategies in organizational history, including narratives constructed from documentary sources found in organizational archives. Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.