Estudo evolutivo da leishmaniose mucosa (7 a 17 anos de seguimento) causada por Leishmania (Viannia ) braziliensis em Três Braços, Bahia

No período de agosto a dezembro de 1993 realizou-se um levantamento de 77 pacientes da casuística de leishmaniose mucosa do programa de Três Braços, registrada no período de 1976 a 1986. Encontrou-se 65 pacientes vivos e 12 falecidos. Os primeiros foram submetidos a exame clínico geral e otorrinolaringológico e à pesquisa de anticorpos por imunofluorescência indireta. Os pacientes com lesões ativas foram submetidos à biópsia da mucosa nasal para isolar o parasita em meio de cultura NNN a partir da inoculação direta do material ou das lesões desenvolvidas no hamster e para estudo histopatológico. Todos os isolados foram caracterizados como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis utilizando anticoipos monoclonais. Cinqüenta e seis (86%) pacientes estavam curados e nove (13%) encontravam-se com lesões ativas. Entre os pacientes falecidos, cinco (41%) estavam curados no momento do óbito. O programa teve 79% de pacientes curados ao longo de 17 anos. O tempo médio de seguimento clínico foi de 10 anos (7-17 anos). A doença como causa-mortis foi sugerida em 3 casos.

Zigomicose nasofacial no Estado do Pará: registro de dois casos

São descritos dois casos de zigomicose nasofacial, procedentes de Belém, PA. O achado indica não ser tão rara, como se poderia supor, pela falta de registros, a ocorrência dessa micose na Região Norte do Brasil. Em ambos os pacientes, o tratamento pelo cetoconazol determinou involução rápida das manifestações clínicas, principalmente a obstrução nasal. Com o presente relato, sobe para cinco o número de casos da infecção referidos até agora do Estado do Pará.

Estudo longitudinal sobre portador são de Staphylococcus aureus em alunos de um curso de auxiliar de enfermagem

Este trabalho objetivou conhecer o grau de colonização pelo Staphylococcus aureus e a evolução do estado de portador são em alunos de um curso de Auxiliar de Enfermagem, durante a formação profissional. Participaram 42 alunos, dos quais foram colhidas amostras da cavidade nasal e mãos (direita e esquerda) em seis diferentes momentos da formação. Do total de alunos, 19 (45,2%) comportaram-se como portadores ocasionais, 12 (28,6%) como intermitentes, 6 (14,3%) como persistentes e 5 (11,9%) como não portadores, demonstrando que a colonização não aumentou com o decorrer do curso. Dos alunos, 24 (57,1%) referiram não terem desenvolvido atividades relacionadas à enfermagem antes e/ou durante o curso e 18 (42,9%) referiram exercê-las como atendentes.

Leishmaniose cutânea no Norte da Argentina: fatores de risco identificados num estudo caso-coorte em três municípios de Salta

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar fatores considerados de risco para adquirir leishmaniose cutânea em Salta, área de maior transmissão da Argentina. Aplicou-se um estudo de caso-coorte com observações entre junho de 1989 e dezembro de 1992. Aos casos e aos controles selecionados se realizou: a) um questionário sócio-demográfico; b) descrição das características da vivenda e peridomicílio; c) um exame físico de pele e mucosa nasal e bucal; d) intradermorreação de Montenegro. A análise multivariada mostrou um risco significativo para fatores extradomiciliares (realizar atividades de vaqueira, dormir no lugar de trabalho, ir caçar) e domiciliares (dormir fora do quarto, presença de três ou mais suínos no quintal da casa e existência de janelas sem fechaduras). Esta associação permitiu pela primeira vez em Salta (Argentina), identificar fatores de risco vinculados com a transmissão de leishmaniose na unidade domiciliária.

Entomoftoromicose (zigomicose) causada por Conidiobolus coronatus em Mato Grosso (Brasil): relato de caso

Zigomicoses são micoses subcutâneas causadas por fungos do solo, que geralmente manifestam-se como uma infiltração granulomatosa crônica da submucosa nasal, estendendo-se para o tecido subcutâneo e pele da face. Descreve-se aqui o primeiro caso de zigomicose nasofacial causada pelo Conidiobolus coronatus, ocorrendo em Mato Grosso, Brasil.

Viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season

INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. Rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections worldwide. The study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Forty-nine nasal swabs collected from 47 elderly individuals following inclusion visits from 2002 to 2003 were tested by GenScan RT-PCR. HRV-positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: No sample was positive for influenza A/B or RSV. HRV was detected in 28.6% (14/47) and hMPV in 2% (1/47). Of 14 positive samples, 9 isolates were successfully sequenced, showing the follow group distribution: 6 group A, 1 group B and 2 group C HRVs. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of HRV during the months of the influenza season requires further study regarding HRV infection impact on respiratory complications among this population. Infection caused by HRV is very frequent and may contribute to increasing the already high demand for healthcare during the influenza season.

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: epidemiological analysis of cases in a tropical/semi-arid region of Brazil

IntroductionThe year 2009 marked the beginning of a pandemic caused by a new variant of influenza A (H1N1). After spreading through North America, the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 spread rapidly throughout the world. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cases of pandemic influenza in a tropical/semi-arid region of Brazil.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed all suspected cases of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 reported in the Ceará State through the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases during the pandemic period between 28 April, 2009 and November 25, 2010.ResultsA total of 616 suspected cases were notified, 58 (9.4%) in the containment phase and 558 (90.6%) in the mitigation phase. Most cases were of affected young people resident in the City of Fortaleza, the largest urban center in the State of Ceará. The most frequent symptoms presented by the cases with confirmed infection were fever, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and nasal congestion. Mortality rate was 0.0009/1,000 inhabitants and lethality was 5.6%. Deaths were observed only in the mitigation phase. Mortality rates were similar for both sexes but were higher in the age group under 5 years.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in this tropical/semi-arid region had a lower magnitude when compared to states in the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil.

The occurrence and dissemination of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus in samples from patients and health professionals of a university hospital in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have been responsible for many nosocomial outbreaks. Within hospitals, colonized employees often act as reservoirs for the spread of this organism. This study collected clinical samples of 91 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), hemodialysis/nephrology service and surgical clinic, and biological samples from the nasal cavities of 120 professionals working in those environments, of a University Hospital in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and dissemination of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Methods The isolates obtained were tested for susceptibility to oxacillin and vancomycin and detection of the mecA gene. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for the presence of clones by ribotyping-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results MRSA occurrence, as detected by the presence of the mecA gene, was more prevalent among nursing technicians; 48.1% (13/27) and 40.7% (11/27) of the isolates were from health professionals of the surgical clinic. In patients, the most frequent occurrence of mecA-positive isolates was among the samples from catheter tips (33.3%; 3/9), obtained mostly from the hemodialysis/nephrology service. Eight vancomycin-resistant strains were found among the MRSA isolates through vancomycin screening. Based on the amplification patterns, 17 ribotypes were identified, with some distributed between patients and professionals. Conclusions Despite the great diversity of clones, which makes it difficult to trace the source of the infection, knowledge of the molecular and phenotypic profiles of Staphylococcus samples can contribute towards guiding therapeutic approaches in the treatment and control of nosocomial infections.

Invasive aspergillosis in a user of inhaled cocaine: rhinosinusitis with bone and cartilage destruction

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by saprophytic fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which typically occurs in immunosuppressed individuals, but has also been reported in immunocompetent patients. The main routes of entry are the respiratory tract, skin, cornea, and ear, and the infection may be localized or disseminated by contiguity or vascular invasion. We report a severe case of rhinosinusitis with cutaneous involvement, caused by invasive aspergillosis, in an immunocompetent user of inhaled cocaine. Invasive aspergillosis related to cocaine abuse has not yet been reported in the literature. After itraconazole treatment and surgical debridement, complete clinical remission was achieved. Nasal reconstruction with a skin graft over a silicone prosthesis resulted in a satisfactory esthetic outcome.

Estudo acústico de /a/ acentuado na fala bracarense: potenciais aplicações

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Linguagem

Efficacy of a gas permeable contact lens to induce peripheral myopic defocus

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of a novel custom-designed rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens to modify the relative peripheral refractive error in a sample of myopic patients. Methods. Fifty-two right eyes of 52 myopic patients (mean [TSD] age, 21 [T2] years) with spherical refractive errors ranging from j0.75 to j8.00 diopters (D) and refractive astigmatism of 1.00 D or less were fitted with a novel experimental RGP (ExpRGP) lens designed to create myopic defocus in the peripheral retina. A standard RGP (StdRGP) lens was used as a control in the same eye. The relative peripheral refractive error was measured without the lens and with each of two lenses (StdRGP and ExpRGP) using an open-field autorefractometer from 30 degrees nasal to 30 degrees temporal, in 5-degree steps. The effectiveness of the lens design was evaluated as the amount of relative peripheral refractive error difference induced by the ExpRGP compared with no lens and with StdRGP conditions at 30 degrees in the nasal and temporal (averaged) peripheral visual fields. Results. Experimental RGP lens induced a significant change in relative peripheral refractive error compared with the nolens condition (baseline), beyond the 10 degrees of eccentricity to the nasal and temporal side of the visual field (p G 0.05). The maximum effect was achieved at 30 degrees. Wearing the ExpRGP lens, 60% of the eyes had peripheral myopia exceeding j1.00 D, whereas none of the eyes presented with this feature at baseline. There was no significant correlation (r = 0.04; p = 0.756) between the degree of myopia induced at 30 degrees of eccentricity of the visual field with the ExpRGP lens and the baseline refractive error. Conclusions. Custom-designed RGP contact lenses can generate a significant degree of relative peripheral myopia in myopic patients regardless of their baselin spherical equivalent refractive error.

Changes in peripheral refractive profile after orthokeratology for different degrees of myopia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthokeratology for different degrees of myopia correction in the relative location of tangential (FT) and sagittal (FS) power errors across the central 70 of the visual field in the horizontal meridian. Methods: Thirty-four right eyes of 34 patients with a mean age of 25.2 ± 6.4 years were fitted with Paragon CRT (Mesa, AZ) rigid gas permeable contact lenses to treat myopia (2.15 ± 1.26D, range: 0.88 to 5.25D). Axial and peripheral refraction were measured along the central 70 of the horizontal visual field with the Grand Seiko WAM5500 open-field auto-refractor. Spherical equivalent (M), as well as tangential (FT) and sagittal power errors (FS) were obtained. Analysis was stratified in three groups according to baseline spherical equivalent: Group 1 [MBaseline = 0.88 to 1.50D; n = 11], Group 2 [MBaseline = 1.51 to 2.49D; n = 11], and Group 3 [MBaseline = 2.50 to 5.25D; n = 12]. Results: Spherical equivalent was significantly more myopic after treatment beyond the central 40 of the visual field (p50.001). FT became significantly more myopic for all groups in the nasal and temporal retina with 25 (p 0.017), 30 (p 0.007) and 35 (p 0.004) of eye rotation. Myopic change in FS was less consistent, achieving only statistical significance for all groups at 35 in the nasal and temporal retina (p 0.045). Conclusions: Orthokeratology changes significantly FT in the myopic direction beyond the central 40 of the visual field for all degrees of myopia. Changes induced by orthokeratology in relative peripheral M, FT and FS with 35 of eye rotation were significantly correlated with axial myopia at baseline. Keywords: Field

Perceção e produção de sons consonânticos do português europeu por aprendentes chineses

Dissertação de mestrado em Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM): Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) Português Língua Segunda (PL2)

Prevalencia relativa de Microdeleción 22q11.2 en pacientes pediátricos y adultos asistidos en la Ciudad de Córdoba

La microdeleción intersticial 22q11.2, es la más frecuentes en humanos; se estima una prevalencia de 1/ 4000 recién nacidos, presentando una marcada variabilidad Clínica que abarca Síndrome de Di George, Velocardiofacial, Cayler, cardiopatías conotruncales aisladas, formas autosómicas dominantes de Opitz BBB y un subtipo de esquizofrenia caracterizada por dismorfias y disfunción cognitiva. Hipótesis: en nuestro medio existe un subdiagnóstico de esta patología especialmente adultos con problemas de comportamiento tardíos, probablemente atribuible al desconocimiento de la gran variabilidad fenotípica. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia relativa de microdeleción 22q11.2 en nuestro medio. Correlacionar los hallazgos clínicos con la citogenética de alta resolución y molecular. Diagnosticar las formas heredables. Material y Método: se evaluaran prospectivamente los pacientes derivados por los servicios de cardiología, cardiocirugía, inmunología, psiquiatría que reúnan criterios clínicos de sospecha de microdeleción 22q11.2 desde octubre de 2009 hasta septiembre de 2011. Se excluirán pacientes con cardiopatías conotruncales, insuficiencias velopalatinas, inmunodeficiencias y esquizofrenia encuadradas en otros diagnósticos. Se solicitará consentimiento informado. Se realizará evaluación clínica en el consultorio de Genética Médica. Se efectuará citogenética con técnicas de alta resolución e hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH). A los progenitores de los pacientes positivos se les realizará igual evaluación clínica y de laboratorio. Resultados: se espera realizar diagnóstico de certeza de microdeleción 22q11.2 en el 90% de los Síndromes de Di George/Velocardiofacial, 20% de las anomalías conotruncales aisladas, 7 al 10% de las formas heredables, 2% de pacientes con esquizofrenia; en este último grupo; el porcentaje puede ascender a un 6%, según datos publicados, si se eligen subpoblaciones de pacientes con retraso del desarrollo, dismorfias, antecedentes de trastornos en el aprendizaje y el lenguaje, voz nasal, historia de hipocalcemia y de aplasia o hipoplasia tímica. Importancia del proyecto: realizar diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad en pacientes pediátricos, adultos con esquizofrenia y formas heredables, lo que permitirá realizar un abordaje interdisciplinario integral de estos individuos y su familia, contribuyendo a un uso racional de los recursos disponibles para optimizar la calidad del servicio de salud. Pertinencia: en relación al tema “innovación y desarrollo tecnológico en medicamentos y tecnología médica” se realizarán técnicas de citogenética molecular (hibridación in situ fluorescente-FISH), indicadas para realizar diagnóstico de certeza de la enfermedad, tanto en las formas esporádicas como en las heredables

Prevalencia relativa de microdeleción 22Q11.2 en pacientes pediátricos y adultos asistidos en la ciudad de Córdoba.

La microdeleción intersticial 22q11.2, es la más frecuentes en humanos; se estima una prevalencia de 1/ 4000 recién nacidos, presentando una marcada variabilidad Clínica que abarca Síndrome de Di George, Velocardiofacial, Cayler, cardiopatías conotruncales aisladas, formas autosómicas dominantes de Opitz BBB y un subtipo de esquizofrenia caracterizada por dismorfias y disfunción cognitiva. Hipótesis: en nuestro medio existe un subdiagnóstico de esta patología especialmente adultos con problemas de comportamiento tardíos, probablemente atribuible al desconocimiento de la gran variabilidad fenotípica. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia relativa de microdeleción 22q11.2 en nuestro medio. Correlacionar los hallazgos clínicos con la citogenética de alta resolución y molecular. Diagnosticar las formas heredables. Material y Método: se evaluarán prospectivamente los pacientes derivados por los servicios de cardiología, cardiocirugía, inmunología, psiquiatría que reúnan criterios clínicos de sospecha de microdeleción 22q11.2 desde octubre de 2009 hasta septiembre de 2011. Se excluirán pacientes con cardiopatías conotruncales, insuficiencias velopalatinas, inmunodeficiencias y esquizofrenia encuadradas en otros diagnósticos. Se solicitará consentimiento informado. Se realizará evaluación clínica en el consultorio de Genética Médica. Se efectuará citogenética con técnicas de alta resolución e hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH). A los progenitores de los pacientes positivos se les realizará igual evaluación clínica y de laboratorio. Resultados: se espera realizar diagnóstico de certeza de microdeleción 22q11.2 en el 90% de los Síndromes de Di George/Velocardiofacial, 20% de las anomalías conotruncales aisladas, 7 al 10% de las formas heredables, 2% de pacientes con esquizofrenia; en este último grupo; el porcentaje puede ascender a un 6%, según datos publicados, si se eligen subpoblaciones de pacientes con retraso del desarrollo, dismorfias, antecedentes de trastornos en el aprendizaje y el lenguaje, voz nasal, historia de hipocalcemia y de aplasia o hipoplasia tímica. Importancia del proyecto: realizar diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad en pacientes pediátricos, adultos con esquizofrenia y formas heredables, lo que permitirá realizar un abordaje interdisciplinario integral de estos individuos y su familia, contribuyendo a un uso racional de los recursos disponibles para optimizar la calidad del servicio de salud.Pertinencia: en relación al tema "innovación y desarrollo tecnológico en medicamentos y tecnología médica" se realizarán técnicas de citogenética molecular (hibridación in situ fluorescente-FISH), indicadas para realizar diagnóstico de certeza de la enfermedad, tanto en las formas esporádicas como en las heredables.